经皮心脏瓣膜置换术研究进展

经皮心脏瓣膜置换术是心血管疾病治疗领域中起步不久的新技术。随着生物工程学的发展,人体经皮肺动脉瓣膜、主动脉瓣膜置换取得了初步成功,它为微创治疗瓣膜疾病提供了一个崭新的思路。本文主要介绍这一技术的发展现状与未来的前景。     

学业自我妨碍的干预策略

为使学业自我妨碍者获得学业进步,学校教育必须消除和改变自我妨碍策略发生的线索,避免学生过多使用自我妨碍的动机策略来保护其自尊水平。文章对学业自我妨碍的概念、影响因素、作用结果和干预策略进行了综述,旨在为学校教育提供科学信息,使自我妨碍的学生走出学业困境,提高其学业水平。     

Infant kidnapping among group-living rhesus macaques: Why don't mothers rescue their infants?

Observations of infant kidnapping among group-living rhesus macaques and anecdotal evidence in the literature indicate that monkey mothers do not attempt to forcibly retrieve their infants from kidnappers even though kidnapping may have potentially fatal consequences for the infant. Based on the available evidence, the potential risk of injury to the mother and/or the infant in case of precipitated conflict with the kidnapper may conceivably account for the lack of maternal intervention during kidnapping. Although this hypothesis requires further testing, maternal refrainment from intervention seems to be a maladaptive response in cases of long-lasting kidnappings by nonlactating females because the infant's life is at stake and the cost of the loss of an infant is presumably higher than the potential risk of injury in a fight.     

剖宫产术后对母婴早接触早吸吮的影响因素分析及对策

目的：分析剖宫产术后影响母婴早接触早吸吮的因素及干预措施,为改善产妇泌乳量,提高哺乳质量提供理论基础。方法：选取2010年2月～2012年2月我院进行剖宫产手术的92例初产妇,按照随机数字表分为对照组和干预组,对照组采用常规的护理措施,干预组在对照组的基础上实施母婴早接触早吸吮护理措施,比较两组护理后的临床疗效。结果：对照组产妇的开奶时间为（47．8±7．1）h,而干预组为（35．6±8．6）h,干预组产妇的开奶时间明显早于对照组,且干预组产妇72h泌乳量较对照组产妇充足,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：针对母婴早接触早吸吮的相关影响因素,采取相应的护理干预措施可以明显促进产妇的早期恢复和泌乳,提高产妇的泌乳量和母婴的早接触旱吸吮,值得在临床上推广。     

哈尔滨医科大学附属第二临床医学院风湿免疫科

目的:本研究旨在探讨实施护理干预对类风湿性关节炎患者疼痛的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月--2011年6月风湿免疫科收治的300例类风湿性关节炎患者为研究对象,将300例患者随机分为两组,对照组与干预组,每组150例患者。对照组实施常规护理措施;干预组在常规护理的基础上,侧重对患者的心理护理及康复指导等。分别于入院时及入院15d对两组患者使用11点疼痛数字等级量表(PI-NRS)对患者的疼痛程度进行评估。结果:患者入院15d后,对两组使用11点疼痛数字等级量表(PI-NRS)对患者的疼痛程度进行评估。统计结果显示,对照组与干预组间存在差异,P<0.05,有统计学意义,即干预组好于对照组。结论:实施护理干预对类风湿性关节炎患者的疼痛治疗有积极明显的作用,有效的心理护理及康复指导可以促进患者的康复。     

糖尿病肾病的发病机制和药物干预研究进展

糖尿病肾病作为糖尿病最严重的并发症之一,也是糖尿病患者最主要的死亡原因之一。糖尿病肾病的发病机制主要与代谢紊乱、 血流动力学紊乱、氧化应激、炎症及遗传因素等相关。综述糖尿病肾病发病机制及相关药物治疗的研究新进展,为糖尿病肾病的早期干 预和治疗提供参考。     

护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2015年6月在我院治疗的脑出血患者82例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组41例和对照组41例,观察组实施有目的、有计划的综合性护理干预,对照组给予常规护理,比较两组患者的并发症发生率及护理满意度情况。结果两组患者的并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的护理满意度比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施高效合理的护理干预对脑出血患者的病情康复有辅助作用,能有效降低并发症发生率,提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

对于可改善癌性疼痛的教育干预的研究进展

疼痛是癌症患者的一种常见症状,全世界每年有超过1000万人被诊断出患有癌症,而与他们病情相关的疼痛是一个严重的问题。尽管在国际上有明确的评估和管理癌症相关疼痛的指南,但是出现癌症相关疼痛的患者并未能得到充分合理的治疗,疼痛症状重。目前,相当一部分患者对癌症止痛药物的使用缺乏认识,针对患者进行合理的教育干预显得尤为重要。本文通过检索多个中外数据库的临床研究,对探讨癌症患者疼痛教育干预的研究进展进行综述,以期为癌性疼痛的教育干预提供新的改进思路。     

重度颅脑损伤的气道监测护理干预

目的:探讨气道监测护理干预对重症颅脑外伤患者预后的影响。方法:回顾分析2010年1月-2012年1月重症颅脑外伤入住我院ICU病房均行气管切开机械通气的患者189例,随机分为两组,对照组和干预组,其中对照组采用常规护理方法进行护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上加强气道监测护理干预,观察比较两组患者ICU治疗时间、肺部感染情况、呼吸机使用时间、ICU花费等情况。结果:两组患者比较:干预组肺部感染控制情况明显优于对照组(x2=4.006,P<0.05),考虑差异有统计学意义。干预组患者呼吸机使用时间及ICU治疗时间均较对照组时间缩短(t=12.9,3.82,3.95 P<0.05),有统计学差异。结论:合理的的气道监测护理能有效减少患者肺部疾病感染等并发症发生率,促进患者病情恢复,临床上值得推广。     

Adoption of prasugrel into routine practice: rationale and design of the Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) study in percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes

Background

Platelet inhibition is crucial in reducing both short- and long-term atherothrombotic risks in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on randomised trials, recent recommendations in the current guidelines include the endorsement of prasugrel as a first-choice adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor. Yet, there is limited experience with the use of prasugrel in routine practice.

Methods

The Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) registry is a prospective, observational study that will follow-up 4000 PCI-treated ACS patients in the larger region of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Based on recently implemented hospital protocols, all patients will receive prasugrel as first-choice antiplatelet agent, unless contraindicated, in accordance with European guidelines, and will be followed for up to 1 year post-discharge for longitudinal assessment of outcomes and bleeding events. This registry exemplifies a collaborative study design that employs a regional PCI registry platform and provides feedback to participating sites regarding their practice patterns, thereby supporting and promoting improvement of quality of care.

Conclusion

The CCR registry will evaluate the adoption of prasugrel into routine clinical practice and thus, will provide important evidence with regard to the benefits and risks of real-world utilisation of prasugrel as antiplatelet therapy in PCI-treated ACS patients.     

剖宫产术后对母婴早接触早吸吮的影响因素分析及对策

目的:分析剖宫产术后影响母婴早接触早吸吮的因素及干预措施,为改善产妇泌乳量,提高哺乳质量提供理论基础。方法:选取2010年2月~2012年2月我院进行剖宫产手术的92例初产妇,按照随机数字表分为对照组和干预组,对照组采用常规的护理措施,干预组在对照组的基础上实施母婴早接触早吸吮护理措施,比较两组护理后的临床疗效。结果:对照组产妇的开奶时间为(47.8±7.1)h,而干预组为(35.6±8.6)h,干预组产妇的开奶时间明显早于对照组,且干预组产妇72h泌乳量较对照组产妇充足,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针对母婴早接触早吸吮的相关影响因素,采取相应的护理干预措施可以明显促进产妇的早期恢复和泌乳,提高产妇的泌乳量和母婴的早接触早吸吮,值得在临床上推广。     

心内科住院患者睡眠质量分析与护理干预

目的:了解心内科住院患者睡眠质量,分析睡眠障碍的原因,探讨改善患者睡眠障碍的有效护理对策。方法:对我院2010年5月-2010年12月心内科109例住院睡眠障碍患者采取问卷调查及深入访谈相结合的方法进行调查,找出心内科患者睡眠障碍的原因;随后,将109例患者随机分为两组,对照组实行组常规护理,干预组实行有针对性的护理,7d后对对两组患者睡眠障碍进行测评。结果:心内科患者睡眠障碍症状为:入眠时间长,早醒,觉醒次数多,醒后再入眠难;睡眠障碍原因为:患者自身疾病、心理、环境、其他及综合因素所致。通过有针对性的护理干预后,两组有较大差距(P<0.05),干预组患者睡眠障碍改善明显,干预组好于对照组,表明护理干预可有效改善患者的睡眠质量。结论:疾病因素、心理因素以及生活习惯是影响心内科住院患者睡眠质量的主要因素,通过科学有效的护理干预措施,可以改善心内科患者的睡眠质量,提高患者的身心健康。     

两种治疗方案对脑出血病人康复的影响

脑卒中是急性的脑部血液循环障碍造成的局部脑损害,又叫中风或脑血管意外,是现代中老年人健康的重要威胁,脑出血是其中的一种情况。采用由引导放松干预治疗的方法对脑出血患者进行护理干预,通过监测患者的血压、呼吸以及心率变化来判定干预效果,同时通过CT扫描来判定康复效果。干预结果表明：引导放松这种护理干预能够通过有效的稳定患者的收缩压和舒张压促进患者的康复。研究表明引导放松干预治疗对脑卒中病人的治疗具有一定的推广应用价值。     

心理干预对肿瘤患者围术期焦虑及抑郁的影响

目的:探讨心理干预对围术期肿瘤患者焦虑及抑郁的影响。方法:选取2013年6月到2014年6月在我院接受手术治疗的肿瘤患者300例,随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组150例患者给予常规基础护理,研究组患者在常规护理的基础上给予心理干预。观察并比较两组患者干预前后的心率和血压变化情况。采用抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)对患者的心理状况进行评价。结果:干预前,两组患者的心率、血压、SDS及SAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,研究组患者的心率、血压、SDS及SAS评分显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心理干预能显著减轻肿瘤患者围术期焦虑及抑郁状况,有利于维持患者血压和心率稳定。     

左旋氨氯地平联合心理干预治疗高血压伴更年期综合征患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨左旋氨氯地平联合心理干预治疗高血压伴更年期综合征的疗效;方法:将100例高血压伴更年期综合征患者随机分为两组,对照组给予左旋氨氯地平+常规更年期综合征治疗,联合组给予左旋氨氯地平+心理干预+常规更年期综合征治疗,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和抑郁量表(HAMD)评分评估患者主要症状改善情况,对比两组临床疗效及卵巢功能。结果:治疗1个月后,两组患者血压均降低,联合组降压总有效率为92.0%,优于对照组的52.0%,比较有显著性差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,联合组血清促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)和促黄体生成素(LH)下降明显,雌激素(E2)水平显著上升,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.01);联合组症状积分改善较为显著,明显优于对照组(P0.01)。结论:左旋氨氯地平联合心理干预对治疗高血压伴更年期综合征具有显著的疗效,可有效降低患者血压,改善负性情绪。     

Metabolic Slowing and Reduced Oxidative Damage with Sustained Caloric Restriction Support the Rate of Living and Oxidative Damage Theories of Aging

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The first year of the Venlo percutaneous coronary intervention program: procedural and 6-month clinical outcomes

Objectives

Analysis of the first results of off-site percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements at VieCuri Medical Centre for Northern Limburg in Venlo.

Background

Off-site PCI is accepted in the European and American Cardiac Guidelines as the need for PCI increases and it has been proven to be a safe treatment option for acute coronary syndrome.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study reporting characteristics, PCI and FFR specifications, complications and 6-month follow-up for all consecutive patients from the beginning of off-site PCI in Venlo until July 2012. If possible, the data were compared with those of Medical Centre Alkmaar, the first off-site PCI centre in the Netherlands.

Results

Of the 333 patients, 19 (5.7 %) had a procedural complication. At 6 months, a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) occurred in 43 (13.1 %) patients. There were no deaths or emergency surgery related to the PCI or FFR procedures. There was no significant difference in occurrence of a MACE or adverse cerebral event between the Alkmaar and Venlo population in the 30-day follow-up.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates off-site PCI at VieCuri Venlo to have a high success rate. Furthermore, there was a low complication rate, low MACE and no procedure-related mortality.     

介入栓塞对颅内动脉瘤患者动脉瘤破裂、神经及脑损伤相关因子的影响

目的:探讨介入栓塞对颅内动脉瘤患者动脉瘤破裂、神经及脑损伤相关因子的影响。方法:选择我院收治的98例颅内动脉瘤患者,随机分为观察组50例以及对照组48例。观察组应用血管内介入手术,对照组应用显微外科夹闭手术。观察比较两组治疗前后血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase3)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、星形胶质源性蛋白(S100β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组各项指标水平无显著变化(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清Cys-C、Caspase3、IL-6、ET-1、MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);而组间及组内前后血清NSE及S100β水平比较差异均无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤患者可能会降低颅内动脉瘤发生破裂的可能性,降低脑损伤程度,且对中枢神经系统影响不大。     

心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响研究

目的:探讨心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:我院老年科、神经内科、康复医学科治疗的脑卒中并出现抑郁焦虑情绪障碍的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例,两组患者均入院以后给予脑血管药物进行常规治疗和日常功能训练;观察组同时给予心理干预并根据病情应用抗抑郁抗焦虑药物等。于干预前、干预后3个月、6个月、1年分别对两组患者用SCL-90量表、总体幸福感指数量表、Barthel指数量表对患者进行评估,并评估患者治疗依从性。结果:干预后,观察组SCL-90各因子评分及总分均较干预前明显降低(P0.05),对照组SCL-90各因子评分及总分与干预前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。干预前两组患者总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),干预后3个月、6个月和1年观察组总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者在治疗期间总体依从率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:心理干预能够有效的改善脑卒中患者早期康复病人抑郁和焦虑的情绪,提高患者治疗的依从性。     

The ontogeny of social play in a feral troop of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus): The function of early play

We describe the ontogeny of social play over the first 30 weeks of age in a troop of feral vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in Barbados. Play time increased rapidly for the first 10 weeks but remained relatively constant thereafter. The form of play changed with infant age; bouts became more frequent but of shorter duration. Play time, bout frequency, and bout duration at a given age differed between infants; younger infants altered their play patterns to complement those of older infants. All infants played more within their own year class than with older juveniles; play time increased with decreasing age difference between the infant and the play partner. Infants terminated a higher proportion of their play bouts the greater the age difference between themselves and their play partners. Preferred play partners are therefore individuals of similar age that will be similar in size and have matched motivation to play and form of play. Neither play time nor proportion of bouts initiated or terminated was correlated with the social rank of the play partner, which suggests that play is not directed toward individuals that may be high-value alliance partners. Maternal intervention in play occurred primarily when infants were<10 weeks old. It was not correlated with the age or social rank of the mother or with the age or social rank of her infant's play partner. Infants played more and terminated a lower proportion of their play bouts in the absence of their mothers than in their presence. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the primary function of early play is to enhance physical fitness and to develop coordination and other fighting skills, with minimal risk of injury.