贯叶连翘总提取物对黄色短杆菌的抗菌作用

报道了贯叶连翘总提取物作用于黄色短杆菌并经光照和未光照处理后对该菌的抗菌作用,目的是探讨贯叶连翘总提取物在光照和非光照处理时抗菌作用的异同。采用光密度(OD)值、活菌数(CFU)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)值检测方法,测定了在12h的培养过程中,提取物作用时黄色短杆菌的OD640nm值、CFU、MBC值。结果表明提取物对该菌有很强的抑菌和杀菌作用,且这两种作用与其浓度有关,不需光照。     

蒜油对MRSA菌株的抗菌作用及作用机制研究

目的研究蒜油对MRSA菌株的抗菌作用及其作用机制,为治疗MRSA菌株感染提供实验依据。方法纸片法药敏试验测抑菌环直径,微量稀释法测其最低抑菌浓度(MIC),酶标仪测定不同时间MRSA菌株生长A640值,革兰染色镜检观察蒜油对MRSA菌株细胞壁的影响,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析蒜油对MRSA菌株蛋白的影响。结果蒜油对MRSA菌株具有明显抗菌作用,其MIC和MBC分别为10mg/mL和20 mg/mL;1/2MIC和1MIC的蒜油作用MRSA菌株后,菌株生长曲线平缓,无对数期;且其对对数期细菌有明显杀菌作用;蒜油对MRSA菌株细胞壁无明显影响,凝胶电泳分析有特征条带出现。结论蒜油对MRSA菌株具有明显抗菌作用,其杀菌机制与蛋白合成有关。     

糙苏提取物抑菌活性的初步评价

目的:比较糙苏甲醇提取物和丙酮提取物的抗菌活性.方法:对糙苏的丙酮提取物和甲醇提取物进行体外抗菌活性实验,测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),比较相应的MIC和MBC值.结果:两种提取物对所选取的8种菌株均具有抑菌效果,丙酮提取物的抑菌活性高于甲醇提取物.巨大芽孢杆菌是对提取物最敏感的细菌.结论:糙苏提取物作为天然抗菌物质,具有广谱抗菌效果,具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景.     

三种芦荟汁的抑菌活性及其影响因素研究

目的：探索美国库拉索芦荟、日本木立芦荟和中华芦荟汁液的抑菌作用。方法：测定三种芦荟叶片提取物对一系列供试细菌和真菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）,对比121℃热处理30min前后提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。结果：三种芦荟提取物对供试细菌的金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度均为0.4%;对供试菌真菌的黑曲霉都有不同程度的抑制作用,其最低抑菌浓度为0.2%。热处理后抑菌效应没有明显的下降。结论：芦荟叶提取物的抑菌作用随浓度的增加和抑菌时间的延长而增强,热处理不会影响其抑菌效果。     

杭黄菊提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

本文研究杭黄菊花水提物和醇提物对常见的人体肠道致病菌的抑菌活性。采用超声波提取法获得杭黄菊提取物,用琼脂扩散法测试该粗提物对受试菌的抑菌作用,并用倍比稀释法确定最小抑菌浓度。实验结果表明杭黄菊花水提物和醇提物对常见的7种肠道致病菌具有较强的抑制作用,尤其对变形杆菌、痢疾杆菌和伤寒杆菌的抑制作用较强。采用相同提取方法的高浓度提取物比低浓度提取物具有更显著(P0.01)的抑菌作用,而相同浓度的水提物比醇提物抑菌效果更为明显(P0.01),水提物对相同细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)低于醇提物。杭黄菊提取物对肠道致病菌有明显的抑制作用,可被开发用于抗菌新药研制。     

表征抗菌药物抑菌动力学的等效线药敏试验方法

以抗菌药物作用浓度与时间对抑菌率的协同作用,改进通行的药敏试验方法.采用Bioscreen全自动生长曲线分析仪,在线测定连续时间、连续固定浓度抗菌药物作用下禽致病性大肠杆菌BBZ6-3g在MHB中生长量(A600),建立了抑菌动力学检测体系.用Sigma plot构建以相对抑菌率RBR=1-At-i/At-0对抗菌药物浓度和作用时间的等效线图.等效线图全面地反映了药物浓度和时间对抑菌量的影响过程及趋势,兼具二维曲线的量化和三维曲面的直观特点,而且RBR通过归一化处理,消除了细菌群体的自然增殖的本底、不同接种量、不同抗菌药物的差异影响,可以直接比较不同抗菌药物的抑菌率,专门比较浓度和时间对抑菌率的影响.抑菌作用本质上是抗菌药物抑制细菌对营养物质的利用效率和程度,与细菌死亡是不同但是相关的过程.0.5 RBR为传统的目测最低抑菌浓度(MIC),以此为界,等效线图可以直观地分为3部分:分化区(0.5纵向等效线以左,全部浓度)、生长区(0.5以上的等效线)、抑菌区(0.5纵向等效线以右延伸且0.5以下的等效线).分化区边界时间在100~300 min,因此传统的药敏试验以8~12 h的终态来判断抑菌率,确定MIC是可靠的;抑菌区和生长区之间的等效线疏密,实际上是浓度依赖性和时间依赖性的依据.抑菌动力学检测体系和反映RBR的等效线图,改良了传统药敏试验方法,有望分析不同接种量对抑菌率和菌群变异的影响、不同浓度的抗菌药物后效应(PAE),比较不同菌种或不同抗药性水平菌株的抑菌动力学.     

小羽贯众提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

目的:比较小羽贯众根状茎和叶提取物体外抑菌活性。方法:牛津杯法和96孔板法,通过测定抑菌圈大小、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),比较小羽贯众根状茎和叶提取物分别对10种常见细菌的抑制作用,以及不同产地抑菌效果的比较。结果:小羽贯众的根状茎和叶的提取物对10种常见的细菌均表现出较强的抑菌活性,肺炎克雷伯氏菌对提取物最敏感。结论:小羽贯众提取物作为一种天然的抗菌物质,具有广谱抗菌效果,有较高的应用潜力和开发前景。     

恩诺沙星对4种水产致病弧菌的抑杀菌效应

采用二倍稀释法测定恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌、最小弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、创伤弧菌4种12株菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),结果表明:恩诺沙星对12株弧菌的MIC为0.1?0.8 mg/L,MBC为0.4?3.2 mg/L。在此基础上,从每种菌中选取一株对恩诺沙星较为敏感的菌株,研究恩诺沙星不同药物浓度(1 MIC、2 MIC、4 MIC)对4种弧菌的杀菌动力学和抗菌后效应(PAE),结果显示:各浓度恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌X040625-R菌株均有较强的杀菌作用,而对哈维氏弧菌M071202-H、创伤弧菌Q050723-C、最小弧菌H010911-Z等3菌株却表现出了低浓度抑菌、高浓度缓慢杀菌的作用。恩诺沙星的抗菌后效应PAE与药物浓度及细菌与药物的接触时间成正相关,恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌X040625-R的PAE最长,对哈维氏弧菌M071202-H的PAE最短。     

黄连解毒汤对产酶菌的抑菌作用

目的探讨黄连解毒汤对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)及持续高产AmpC酶菌株的抑菌作用。方法采用琼脂对倍稀释法、肉汤稀释法分别检测了中药黄连解毒汤对产ESBL和AmpC酶菌株的最低抑菌作用。结果中药黄连解毒汤对产ESBL的大肠埃希菌(5/80)的最低抑菌浓度为125 mg/L,产AmpC酶的肺炎克雷伯菌(2/30)最低抑菌浓度为125 mg/L。结论中药黄连解毒汤对产ESBL和AmpC酶菌株均有不同程度的抑菌作用,但作用不强。     

贯叶连翘总提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用

以3株金黄色葡萄球菌为代表,分别探讨了经光照和未经光照处理后在培养24h的过程中贯叶连翘总提取物(TEHPL)对3株金黄色葡萄球菌的光密度(OD640mm)、活菌数(CFU)、总菌数(TCC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)的影响和对其中2株菌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。结果表明TEHPL对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌和杀菌作用,其抑菌或杀菌作用与其浓度有关,不需光照。并且TEHPL诱导菌体细胞内SOD活力增高。     

土茯苓提取物抗细菌活性的研究

通过测定土茯苓提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性,来更全面的评价和综合利用土茯苓资源,实验结果表明土苓955乙醇和乙酸乙酯的提取物抑菌范围广,服抑菌活性强,这两种提取物的MIC和MBC值显示了土茯苓作为抗细菌资源的可利用价值。     

六种中药及其复方对鳗鲡致病性气单胞菌的体外抑制作用

针对病鳗内脏中分离的5 株致病性气单胞菌, 采用琼脂稀释法测定五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、虎杖、黄芩及黄连各味中药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC); 再根据棋盘法设计15 种双联用药方和4 种三联用药方, 同样检测各组合配方的抑菌作用。实验结果表明, 6 味中药对养殖鳗鲡5 株致病性气单胞菌均有不同程度的抗菌效果, 其中五倍子的抑菌作用最强, 其次是大黄和石榴皮, 而黄连的抑菌效果最差; 15 种双联用药方较各味中药单用的抑菌活性绝大多数出现增强, 抑菌浓度至少减低39%, FICFIC≤0.5 表现显著增强抗菌活性的协同比例占23.3%; 4 种三联用药方对5 株致病性气单胞菌均具有显著的协同抑制效应, 复方中单味中药的抑菌浓度可以降低80%以上; 而双联用HC14 对4 株致病菌出现FIC≥2 的降低彼此抗菌活性的相互拮抗现象。由此说明合理运用不同中药的联用配伍, 不仅可提高单味中药的抗菌疗效, 而且大大减少了单一中药在实际养殖生产中的给药浓度, 降低药物在环境中的残留量, 防止残留药物造成环境污染, 并且降低用药成本, 提高水产养殖业的经济和社会效益。研究为中药复方防治细菌性鱼病提供科学理论参考。       

Comparative activity against pathogenic bacteria of the root,stem, and leaf of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Raphanus sativus</Emphasis> grown in India

Aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of the root, stem, and leaf of Raphanus sativus were studied for antibacterial activity against food-borne and resistant pathogens. All extracts except the aqueous extracts had significant broad-spectrum inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate extract of the root had the potent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.016–0.064 mg/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.016–0.512 mg/ml against health-damaging bacteria. This was followed by the ethyl acetate extracts of the leaf and stem with MICs of 0.064–0.256 and 0.128–0.256 mg/ml, respectively and MBCs of 0.128–2.05 and 0.256–2.05 mg/ml, respectively. The ethyl acetate extracts of the different parts of R. sativus retained their antibacterial activity after heat treatment at 100°C for 30 min, and their antibacterial activity was enhanced when pH was maintained in the acidic range. Hence this study, for the first time, demonstrated that the root, stem, and leaf of R. sativus had significant bactericidal effects against human pathogenic bacteria, justifying their traditional use as anti-infective agents in herbal medicines.     

In vitro antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract on clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

In the present study, antibacterial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of Psidium guajava leaves was evaluated against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from hospitals in northern (Malabar region) Kerala. The strains which exhibited resistance against all the antibiotics tested was selected for antibacterial assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanolic and aqueous extracts was found to be 625 ug/ml and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for methanolic and aqueous extracts was 1.25 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extract at minimum bactericidal concentration inhibited the growth of MDR strain by 80%. Time-kill assay revealed that methanolic extract (4 mg/ml) killed MDR bacteria within 10 hr. Total polypeptide profiling of bacterial cultures by SDS-PAGE indicated a high degree of protein degradative activity of the extract. Finally, a human RBC based haemolytic assay showed absence of haemolysis even at concentrations higher than that of MBC, advocating thereby its safety in therapeutic use.     

Antibacterial Activity of Povidone Iodine towards Non-sporing Bacteria

The antibacterial activity of povidone iodine was examined in vitro in saline, in nutrient broth, in simulated ulcer experiments and in the presence of blood components. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were within a narrow concentration range. Nutrient broth and plasma had little inactivating activity but 1 g haemoglobin inactivated 50 mg of free iodine: experiments with ¹²⁵I showed that uptake of iodine by red cells occurred rapidly. Optimal antimicrobial effects in clinical use should be achieved in relatively blood-free situations. Povidone iodine produced a potent, and sometimes persistent bactericidal effect towards bacteria on healthy skin. It is suggested that antiseptics such as povidone iodine should continue to replace topical antibiotics for prevention and treatment of wound infection.     

Antimicrobial activity of endemic Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells

Up to now an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been reported and thus new natural therapeutic agents are needed in order to eradicate these pathogens. Through the discovery of plants such as Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers that have antimicrobial activity, it will be possible to discover new natural drugs serving as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of nosocomial pathogens and take these antibiotic-resistant bacteria under control. The objective of the present study was to determine antimicrobial activity and the activity mechanism of C. tanacetifolia plant extract. The leaves of C. tanacetifolia, which is an endemic plant, were extracted using methanol and tested against 10 bacterial and 4 yeast strains by using a drop method. It was observed that the plant extract had antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes among the microorganisms that were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results obtained at the end of an incubation of 24 h were found to be > or =6.16 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, < 394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, and > or =3.08 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes and S. aureus and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found as > or =24.63 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, > or =394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, > or =6.16 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes, and > or =98.5 mg ml(-1) for S. aureus. According to the MBC results, it was found that the plant extract had bactericidal effects and in order to explain the activity mechanism and cell deformation of bacterial strains treated with plant extract, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results of SEM showed that the treated cells appeared shrunken and there was degradation of the cell walls. This study, in which the antibacterial effect of C. tanacetifolia was demonstrated, will be a base for further investigations on advanced purification and effect mechanism of action of its active compounds.     

小羽贯众提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

目的：比较小羽贯众根状茎和叶提取物体外抑菌活性。方法：牛津杯法和96孔板法,通过测定抑菌圈大小、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,比较小羽贯众根状茎和叶提取物分别对10种常见细菌的抑制作用,以及不同产地抑菌效果的比较。结果：小羽贯众的根状茎和叶的提取物对10种常见的细菌均表现出较强的抑菌活性,肺炎克雷伯氏菌对提取物最敏感。结论：小羽贯众提取物作为一种天然的抗菌物质,具有广谱抗菌效果,有较高的应用潜力和开发前景。     

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of chloroform fraction from aqueous extract of mugwort leaves (Artemisia argyi L.) against Staphylococcus aureus

In this work, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of chloroform fraction obtained from aqueous extract of mugwort leaves against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The extract showed obvious antibacterial activity against S. aureus which the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined to be 3·0 and 6·0 mg ml⁻¹ respectively. The mechanism study suggested that the extract could destroy the integrity of the S. aureus cell walls and increase the permeability of cell membrane in a certain concentration, but it could not kill S. aureus in a short time. Instead, the extract could make bacteria in a state of apoptosis for a long time, interfere with the normal physiological metabolism of bacteria, and eventually make bacteria die, which was confirm by scanning electronic microscope.     

川白芷抑菌活性及对铜绿假单胞菌群体感应的抑制作用

为寻找更加有效的抑菌杀菌药物,本研究利用琼脂平板打孔法和倍比稀释法评价川白芷不同溶剂萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌以及肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抗菌活性;特别是通过对铜绿假单胞菌毒力表型的影响研究考察该药物对病菌群体感应是否具有抑制作用。研究结果表明:川白芷提取液对四种细菌均有不同程度的抑制效果,且随提取物浓度增大抑制效果增强;进一步分离发现,三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物对四种细菌均有一定的抑制效果,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌效果最佳;对铜绿假单胞菌的四种毒力表型的影响研究结果表明川白芷具有抑制铜绿假单胞菌群体感应的能力。试验表明川白芷的活性成分可以作为一种新型的群体感应抑制剂,其具有抑制多种细菌能力的同时不易产生耐药性,表明白芷这一传统中草药在现代医疗中具有较好的应用潜力。