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1.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
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Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
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Natalia V. Ivanova Aron J. Fazekas Paul D. N. Hebert 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2008,26(3):186-198
Many plant species are considered difficult for DNA isolation due to their high concentrations of secondary metabolites such
as polysaccharides and polyphenols. Several protocols have been developed to overcome this problem, but they are typically
time-consuming, not scalable for high throughput and not compatible with automation. Although a variety of commercial kits
are available for plant DNA isolation, their cost is high and these kits usually have limited taxonomic applicability. In
a previous study we developed an inexpensive automation-friendly protocol for DNA extraction from animal tissues. Here we
demonstrate that a similar protocol allows DNA isolation from plants.
相似文献
Natalia V. IvanovaEmail: |
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Rapid prototyping of distributed systems can be achieved by integrating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. With components
as the building blocks, it is important to predict the performance of the system based on the performance of individual components.
In this paper, performance prediction of a system consisting of a small number of components is investigated under different
inter-component communication patterns, and the number of threads provided by components. Based on the experimental results,
it can be inferred that the proposed composition rules provide a reasonably accurate prediction of the performance of a system
made out of these components.
相似文献
Barrett R. BryantEmail: |
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A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
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Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
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Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
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Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
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Advances in biotechnology have now created a capacity to produce therapeutically active proteins on a commercial scale, opening
the potential for their application in an array of disease conditions. The process of translation of the variety of different
therapeutic proteins into the medicines used in clinics is now occurring. To assist in this translation, new formulations
to deliver proteins could play an important role. These new formulations need to more adequately address the pharmacological
and therapeutic requirement for each particular protein/peptide and, in that way, either improve present therapies or extend
with new entries the current list of protein based medicines used in clinic.
相似文献
Snjezana StolnikEmail: |
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Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
相似文献
Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
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The challenge for those responsible for funding, brokering and assessing the merit of proposed Indigenous research is to identify and then work co-operatively with appropriate representatives of Indigenous interests in order to increase the flow of benefits from research to Indigenous peoples. Experience in Australia has shown that this is not a straightforward process. In this paper we indicate some reasons why it is important for the research community to broker research with representative Indigenous organisations and to involve Indigenous peoples in the ethical assessment and conduct of research. We then identify some barriers to the achievement of these objectives and outline recently developed interventions from the field of health research that aim to promote a more effective working relationship between Indigenous peoples and members of the research community.
相似文献
Terry DunbarEmail: |
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Methanogens growing on C-1 substrates synthesize 2-carbon acetyl groups in the form of acetyl-CoA for carbon assimilation
using the multienzyme complex acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase (ACDS) which contains five different subunits encoded within
an operon. In species growing on acetate ACDS also functions to cleave the acetate C-C bond for energy production by methanogenesis.
A number of species of Methanosarcina that are capable of growth on either C-1 compounds or acetate contain two separate ACDS operons, and questions have been
raised about whether or not these operons play separate roles in acetate synthesis and cleavage. Methanosarcina thermophila genomic DNA was analyzed for the presence of two ACDS operons by PCR amplifications with different primer pairs, restriction
enzyme analyses, DNA sequencing and Southern blot analyses. A single ACDS operon was identified and characterized, with no
evidence for more than one. MALDI mass spectrometric analyses were carried out on ACDS preparations from methanol- and acetate-grown
cells. Peptide fragmentation patterns showed that the same ACDS subunits were present regardless of growth conditions. The
evidence indicates that a single form of ACDS is used both for acetate cleavage during growth on acetate and for acetate synthesis
during growth on C-1 substrates.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at
相似文献
David A. Grahame (Corresponding author)Email: |
Edward DeMoll (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
Peter beim Graben Dimitris Pinotsis Douglas Saddy Roland Potthast 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2008,2(2):79-88
We construct a mapping from complex recursive linguistic data structures to spherical wave functions using Smolensky’s filler/role
bindings and tensor product representations. Syntactic language processing is then described by the transient evolution of
these spherical patterns whose amplitudes are governed by nonlinear order parameter equations. Implications of the model in
terms of brain wave dynamics are indicated.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
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Roger Sansom 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(4):475-491
I show that gene regulation networks are qualitatively consistent and therefore sufficiently similar to linearly seperable
connectionist networks to warrant that the connectionist framework be applied to gene regulation. On this view, natural selection
designs gene regulation networks to overcome the difficulty of development. I offer some general lessons about their evolvability
that can be learned by examining the generic features of connectionist networks.
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Roger SansomEmail: |
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José A. Alayón-Gamboa Francisco D. Gurri-García 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2008,36(3):395-407
Energy flows were studied for the 2002–2003 agricultural cycle in four households for which agriculture is part of a diversified
survival strategy and four that practice agriculture as a business. Home garden inputs and outputs were measured monthly.
Quantified inputs were: household labour, household agro-system production, and purchased external renewable and non-renewable
energy. Outputs measured were: sales, family and animal foods. While both strategies had similar indicators in biomass and
energy production, vegetable richness, and soil quality, household garden function and sustainability differed between subsistence
and commercial householders. Subsistence gardens complemented family diet and contributed to household system resiliency.
They relied heavily on renewable energy sources from within their agro-system. Gardens in commercial households reduced fruit
tree area and increased animal husbandry for the market. They depended more on purchased non-renewable energy sources and
were less sustainable and much less energy efficient than traditional gardens.
相似文献
Francisco D. Gurri-GarcíaEmail: |
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Leslie P. Francis Margaret P. Battin Jay Jacobson Charles Smith 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2009,6(2):187-195
Syndromic surveillance uses new ways of gathering data to identify possible disease outbreaks. Because syndromic surveillance
can be implemented to detect patterns before diseases are even identified, it poses novel problems for informed consent, patient
privacy and confidentiality, and risks of stigmatization. This paper analyzes these ethical issues from the viewpoint of the
patient as victim and vector. It concludes by pointing out that the new International Health Regulations fail to take full
account of the ethical challenges raised by syndromic surveillance.
相似文献
Leslie P. FrancisEmail: |