溴化+烷基三甲基铵滴定时氨基酰化酶的失活与构象变化的比较

研究了阳离子去污剂-溴化+烷基三甲基铵变性时氨基酰酶的失活与构象变化.当用溴化+烷基三甲基铵滴定氨基酰化酶时,随着去污剂浓度增大,酶的活力逐渐丧失,至50mmolL时酶完全失活.用荧光发射光谱(295nm激发)的方法监测了氨基酰化酶的构象变化.发现氨基酰化酶失活先于构象变化.从这一结果看来.金属酶的活性部位构象可能也是比整个分子的构象具有较大的柔性或运动性.     

溴化+烷基三甲基铵滴定时氨基酰化酶的失活与构象变化的比较

研究了阳离子去污剂-溴化+烷基三甲基铵变性时氨基酰酶的失活与构象变化.当用溴化+烷基三甲基铵滴定氨基酰化酶时,随着去污剂浓度增大,酶的活力逐渐丧失,至50mmolL时酶完全失活.用荧光发射光谱(295nm激发)的方法监测了氨基酰化酶的构象变化.发现氨基酰化酶失活先于构象变化.从这一结果看来.金属酶的活性部位构象可能也是比整个分子的构象具有较大的柔性或运动性.     

中华猕猴桃蛋白酶在盐酸胍中分子折叠与活力的关系

中华猕猴桃蛋白酶(Actinidin)在盐酸胍溶液中活力变化结果提示:酶在0.1mol/L胍中活力略有升高,随胍浓度增大,活力先经历一个陡降区,在1—2mol/L胍中有个稳定区域,随胍浓度增大,活力继续下降。同时以荧光光谱,圆二色光谱研究该酶分子的构象变化。结果表明引起酶构象发生明显变化所需胍浓度(3mol/L)远比酶明显失活所需胍浓度(0.5mol/L)大。相同胍浓度下酶活力丧失速度快于构象变化速度。经5mol/L胍变性的酶直接稀释至胍浓度为0.05mol/L时,酶活力不能恢复,而构象迅速恢复。失活酶先稀释至胍浓度为1—2mol/L、再进一步稀释至胍浓度为0.05mol/L,活力能恢复50％左右。以上结果表明,相对于整个酶分子来说,活性中心的构象变化对变性剂更敏感。Actinidin的失活及复活过程是多相的复杂过程。     

胍和脲溶液对氨基酰化酶活性和构象的影响

 本文研究了不同浓度盐酸胍和脲溶液对猪肾氨基酰化酶活性和构象的影响。研究结果表明,在低浓度的胍和脲溶液中(小于2mol/L),酶分子的整体构象变化的程度与活力变化的程度基本是平行的;而在高浓度的胍和脲溶液中(2mol/L以上),失活程度稍大于构象变化的程度。这些结果与分子量和亚基组成基本相同,但不含金属配基的肌酸激酶的结果,以及小分子量的胰凝乳蛋白酶和牛胰核糖核酸酶的结果相比较来看,可以认为配基锌离子的存在对酶分子的活性部位区域构象的稳定作用有一定的贡献,致使氨基酰化酶的活性部位的构象状态不象后三种酶那样脆弱。同时,我们还发现锌离子的存在对酶分子整体构象的稳定性上贡献很小。     

钙调神经磷酸酶在胍变性过程中活力及构象变化的比较

钙调神经磷酸酶（ＣａＮ）在盐酸胍溶液中的内源荧光、远紫外ＣＤ谱及剩余活力的变化提示：ＣａＮ的酶活力在胍浓度为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右可完全丧失,同时伴有内源荧光强度的下降,３３３ｎｍ最大发射峰的红移（提示了色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的暴露）。比较不同胍浓度下牛脑ＣａＮ的失活与整体构象变化,表明酶的失活先于整体构象变化。在０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ胍溶液中,内源荧光变化的动力学过程只能测出一相,而酶失活的动力学过程为快、慢两相,快相动力学速度常数比整体构象变化速度常数大１－２个数量级,慢相失活速度常数与整体构象变化速度常数相近。提示低浓度胍可引起该酶的完全失活,活性部位的空间构象比整个酶分子的构象更易受到变性剂的扰乱。     

酵母乙醇脱氢酶胍变性时的失活与去折叠的比较研究

应用荧光发射光谱,圆二色光谱,二阶导数光谱和紫外差吸收光谱等监测手段,研究了酵母乙醇脱氢酶在胍溶液中的去折叠。比较不同盐酸胍浓度下酵母乙醇脱氢酶的失活与构象变化,实验表明酶的失活先于构象变化：在低浓度胍溶液中,构象尚未发生明显变化时,酶活几乎已经完全丧失。由上述结果可见,含有辅基金属离子Ｚｎ~（２＋）酶的活性部位较酶分子的整体结构也具有柔性。     

氨基酰化酶在LDS溶液中的失活与去折叠的比较研究

氨基酰化酶在阴离子去圬剂十二烷基硫酸锂（ＬＤＳ）溶液中的失活与去折叠的研究结果表明,在低浓度的ＬＤＳ溶液（０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）中变性时,以荧光和紫外差吸收方法监测的酶分子构象尚未发生明显变化。而酶的活力已经大部分或几乎全部丧失。当ＬＤＳ浓度达１．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,此时酶分子的构象变化才达到最大程度,在实验使用的ＬＤＳ的浓度范围内,用远紫外ＣＤ光谱监测的二级结构没有发生明显的变化。从上述研究结果,可以认为含锌氨基酰化酶的活性部位也具有相对的柔性。     

酵母乙醇脱氢酶胍变性时的失活与去折叠的比较研究

应用荧光发射光谱,圆二色光谱,二阶导数光谱和紫外差吸收光谱等监测手段,研究了酵母乙醇脱氢酶在胍溶液中的去折叠,比较不同盐酸胍浓度下酵母乙醇脱氢酶的失活与构象变化,实验表明酶的失活先于构象变化,在低浓度胍溶液中,构象尚未发生明显变化时,酶活几乎已经完全丧失,由上述结果可见,含有辅基金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋酶的活性部位较酶分子的整体结构也具有柔性。     

糖原磷酸化酶b在低浓度变性剂中的失活与部分去折叠

以往对几种酶的变性研究表明,酶的失活先于酶分子的整体构象变化［５］。本研究的目的在于,在盐酸胍、脲和ＳＤＳ等变性剂存在下,比较磷酸化酶ｂ的失活、辅基磷酸吡哆醛附近微环境的变化、ＡＭＰ结合的协同性以及酶分子的去折叠。检测内源荧光的变化发现,随着变性剂浓度的增加,酶的失活作用不仅先于酶分子的整体构象变化,而且也先于磷酸吡哆醛结合部位的微环境以及ＡＭＰ结合的协同性的变化,这表明,酶的活性不仅需要每个亚部位构象的完整性,而且也需要所有亚部位之间的正确空间关系     

电荷传递反应可以敏感地考察铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性部位的构象变化

Fe(CN)₆^4-与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)间的电荷传递反应发生在酶的活性部位,电荷传递反应的速度和幅度对由变性引起的酶活性部位的构象变化非常敏感.对于所有的变性酶样品,电荷传递反应的速度都不同程度的下降,这与每个样品的活力下降相对应.反应速度的下降反应了酶变性后引起的活性通道构象及其间静电场的破坏.在不同pH条件下变性的酶样品,其电荷传递反应幅度的变化表明,活性部位His残基的静电相互作用对变性过程中活性部位的构象变化可能是重要的.由电荷传递反应参数得到的活性部位构象变化速度与酶的失活速度接近.     

无花果蛋白酶在胍溶液中的分子折叠与活力变化研究

本文研究无花果蛋白酶（ＥＣ．３．４．４．１２）在不同浓度盐酸胍溶液中分子构象与活力变化关系。酶的内源荧光光谱,圆二色光谱与酶活力的变化表明：荧光光谱呈现二个明显的变化区域,低浓度胍（低于２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）中,荧光发射峰基本不变,但荧光强度随胍浓度上升,随胍浓度断续增大（高于２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,酶的最大发射波长明显红移。当胍浓度低于１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,不仅不会使酶失活,反而使酶激活,当胍浓度高于１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上时,酶逐渐失活,使酶完全失活的胍浓度为６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ酶的圆二色光谱也随着胍浓度的改变而发生复杂的变化。将荧光变化,ＣＤ谱变化及活力改变结合起来,表明活力的激活与构象的明显变化似是同步发生的,从另一角度进一步说明酶活性部位柔性是充分表现酶活力所必需。     

Sequential conformation change and activation of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase in low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride

The conformation changes of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from chicken liver in guanidine hy-drochloride were monitored by protein intrinsic fluorescence, hydrophobic fluorescence probe TNS and limited proteol-ysis by proteinase K. The kinetics of the enzyme denaturation were also studied and compared with its activity changes. It was indicated by the enhanced fluorescence of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene (TNS) that a subtle conforma-tional change of the enzyme in dilute GuHCl parallels GuHCl-induced activation. At GuHCl concentration higher than 0.75 mol/L, the conformational change can be detected by increased susceptibility of the enzyme to proteinase K, but no significant gross conformational change of the enzyme molecule is observed by intrinsic fluorescence up to a GuHCl concentration of 1.2 mol/L. The results suggest that the denaturation of DHFR by GuHCl does not follow strictly the two-state model. The enzyme seems to open up sequentially with increasing concentrations of denaturants, mainly at th     

糖基化3－磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的含糖量及其构象变化

通过对ＧＡＰＤＨ及ｇＧＡＰＤＨ含糖量、ＣＤ、荧光及ＤＴＮＢ的修饰表明：用间氨基苯硼酸琼脂糖（ｍ－ＡＰＢＡ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ）亲和层析法分离的兔肌ｇＧＡＰＤＨ每分子含有１．８９个糖基。ｇＧＡＰＤＨ及ＧＡＰＤＨ的远紫外ＣＤ谱差别较小,但近紫外差别较明显。两者内源荧光在不同浓度的ＧｕＨＣｌ溶液中的变化亦有一定差异。ＤＴＮＢ对酶活性部位巯基的修饰表明,ｇＧＡＰＤＨ的ＤＴＮＢ修饰的快相一级动力学常数大于ＧＡＰＤＨ动力学常数一个数量级。以上结果提示：糖基化导致酶分子及活性部位的空间结构改变,糖基化位点可能发生在酶活性部位附近。     

糖基化3－磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的含糖量及其构象变化

通过对ＧＡＰＤＨ及ｇＧＡＰＤＨ含糖量、ＣＤ、荧光及ＤＴＮＢ的修饰表明：用间氨基苯硼酸琼脂糖（ｍ－ＡＰＢＡ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ）亲和层析法分离的兔肌ｇＧＡＰＤＨ每分子含有１．８９个糖基。ｇＧＡＰＤＨ及ＧＡＰＤＨ的远紫外ＣＤ谱差别较小,但近紫外差别较明显。两者内源荧光在不同浓度的ＧｕＨＣｌ溶液中的变化亦有一定差异。ＤＴＮＢ对酶活性部位巯基的修饰表明,ｇＧＡＰＤＨ的ＤＴＮＢ修饰的快相一级动力学常数大于ＧＡＰＤＨ动力学常数一个数量级。以上结果提示：糖基化导致酶分子及活性部位的空间结构改变,糖基化位点可能发生在酶活性部位附近。     

Effects of guanidine hydrochloride and high pressure on subsite flexibility of beta-amylase

We investigated the effects of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) and high pressure on the conformational flexibility of the active site of sweet potato beta-amylase by monitoring the sulfhydryl reaction and the enzymatic activity. The reactivity of Cys345 at the active site, one of six inert half cystine residues of this enzyme, was enhanced by GuHCl at concentrations below 0.5 M. A GuHCl-induced change of the active site was also observed through an intensity change in the near-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. On the other hand, the native conformation of sweet potato beta-amylase observed through fluorescence polarization, far-UV CD spectrum and intrinsic fluorescence was not influenced by GuHCl at concentrations below 0.5 M. Therefore, Cys345 reaction caused by GuHCl was due to an alteration of the local conformation of the active site. GuHCl-induced reaction of Cys345, located in the vicinity of subsites 3 and 4, is attributed to enhanced subsite flexibility, which is responsible for substrate slipping in a single-chain attack mechanism. Due to the flexible conformation, the local region of the subsite is more susceptible to GuHCl perturbation than the molecule overall. The enzymatic activity of sweet potato beta-amylase was reversibly inhibited by GuHCl at concentrations below 0.5 M, and kinetic analysis of the enzymatic mechanism showed that GuHCl decreases the kcat value. High pressure below 400 MPa also inactivated sweet potato beta-amylase with an increase in Cys345 reactivity. These findings indicated that excessively enhanced subsite flexibility reduced the enzymatic activity of sweet potato beta-amylase.     

几种变性剂对无花果蛋白酶分子去折叠与活力的影响

用不同浓度的变性剂盐酸胍、脲、十二烷基硫酸锂（ＬＤＳ）对无花果蛋白酶（Ｆｉｃｉｎ）变性,用荧光光谱及圆二色谱（ＣＤ谱）监测无花果蛋白酶去折叠过程中的构象变化并与活力变化比较,发现在１－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ胍浓度及９．２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／ＬＬＤＳ浓度条件下,ＣＤ谱显示的二级结构含量较高,荧光谱的发射峰位刚开始红移,活力的变化则较为显著,表现为胍溶液中激活,ＬＤＳ溶液中失活,揭示酶的这二种变性剂的这二个浓度范围内,可能存在变性中间态。     

3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的胍变性——全位与半位修饰酶的比较

酵母3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶在盐酸胍溶液中内源荧光及NAD荧光衍生物的410nm特征荧光发射光谱的变化结果提示,全位及半位修饰羧甲基酶活性部位与NAD共价连接的荧光衍生物的形成,明显受到盐酸胍的干扰,并且前者比后者更为显著.全位及半位修饰光照酶的特征荧光在低胍浓度下较内源荧光降低更为显著,同时伴有最大发射峰先红移后兰移的现象.NAD荧光衍生物的特征荧光在胍溶液中减弱的动力学过程分为快相和慢相,快相一级动力学常数比慢相的大两个数量级,全位及半位修饰酶的特征荧光的减弱快慢相速度常数分别属于同一个数量级.以上结果提示:酶活性部位的构象较整个分子来说更易被变性剂扰乱,柔性强于整个分子;NAD荧光衍生物的形成需要活性部位具有正确的空间几何结构.     

Unfolding and inactivation of Ampullarium crossean beta-glucosidase during denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride

Changes of activity and conformation of Ampullarium crossean beta-glucosidase in different concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) have been studied by measuring the fluorescence spectra and its relative activity after denaturation. The fluorescence intensity of the enzyme decreased distinctly with increasing guanidine concentrations, the emission peaks appeared red shifted (from 338.4 to 350.8 nm), whereas a new fluorescence emission peak appeared near 310 nm. Changes in the conformation and catalytic activity of the enzyme were compared. A corresponding rapid decrease in catalytic activity of the enzyme was also observed. The extent of inactivation was greater than that of conformational changes, indicating that the active site of the enzyme is more flexible than the whole enzyme molecule. k(+0)>k(+0)' also showed that the enzyme was protected by substrate to a certain extent during guanidine denaturation.     

Inactivation Kinetics of Guanidinium Chloride on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penaeus vannamei</Emphasis>β - <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Acetyl-D-Glucosaminidase and the Relationship of Enzyme Activity and its Conformation

The effects of guanidinium chloride (GuHCl) on the activity of Penaeus vannamei β-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) have been studied. The results show that GuHCl, at appropriate concentrations, can lead to reversible inactivation of the enzyme, and the IC₅₀ is estimated to be 0.6 M. Changes of activity and conformation of the enzyme in different concentrations of GuHCl have been studied by measuring the fluorescence spectra and its relative activity after denaturation. The fluorescence intensity of the enzyme decreases distinctly with increasing GuHCl concentrations, and the emission peaks appear red-shifted (from 339.4 to 360 nm). Changes in the conformation and catalytic activity of the enzyme are compared. The extent of inactivation is greater than that of conformational changes, indicating that the active site of the enzyme is more flexible than the whole enzyme molecule. The kinetics of inactivation has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The rate constants of inactivation have been determined. The value of k₊₀ is larger than that of k₊₀^′ which suggests that the enzyme is protected by substrate to a certain extent during guanidine denaturation.     

NMR studies on the induced denaturation of lysozyme by guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of the inhibitor (NAG)3

The stabilization of the folded conformation of lysozyme, arising from the binding of the inhibitor (NAG)3 against induced denaturation, is demonstrated from the 1H-nmr spectra of the enzyme. The nmr spectra reveal that the binding of the denaturant (GuHCl) to the enzyme is associated with changes in the conformation of the enzyme. The binding site of the inhibitor site C also serves as one of the binding sites of GuHCl. The observation that higher denaturant concentrations are required in the unfolding of Lys-(NAG)3 as compared to free Lys can be explained partly in terms of the existence of a competitive binding to the enzyme involving the (NAG)3 and GuHCl molecules.