产褪黑素绿色木霉工程菌的构建及生理特性分析

【背景】褪黑素(melatonin)是动植物内广泛存在的一种小分子生物胺类物质,在促进生物生长和提高环境耐受性等方面发挥重要作用。木霉(Trichoderma)既是重要的生防菌株也是高效的工业产品生产菌株,能够合成丰富的代谢产物。【目的】针对目前木霉菌株中还未发现褪黑素合成的问题,构建具有褪黑素合成能力的绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)工程菌,并对其生理特性进行研究。【方法】在绿色木霉Tv-1511中异源表达了来源于人基因组的芳烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶(aralkylamineN-acetyltransferase,AANAT)编码基因hAANAT和乙酰复合胺-O-甲基转移酶(acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase,ASMT)编码基因hASMT,高效液相色谱法(highperformance liquid chromatography, HPLC)检测了木霉工程菌合成褪黑素的产量,并利用生化方法检测了工程菌的生长、抗逆及对植物的促生抗病能力。【结果】获得了具有褪黑素合成能力的绿色木霉工程菌,此株工程菌具有更好的生长和产孢特性、更强的逆境胁迫耐...     

Silymarin content and antioxidant activity of seeds of wild Silybum marianum populations growing in Greece

Selection of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) genotypes for commercial cultivation depends on wild population resources, rather than on selection of varieties. The evaluation of these populations could contribute to the development of new milk thistle varieties with desirable traits such as high silymarin content. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate 30 wild populations occurring naturally in Greece, based on seed silymarin content. Seeds were collected from populations growing in localities presenting different environmental conditions. In addition, we also investigated the diversity in levels of silymarin constituents, as well as observed correlations among them. Significant differences in silymarin content were recorded among the populations studied, with values ranging from 2.31 to 7.71% (avg. 3.31%), as well as in flavonolignan and taxifolin content. The mean taxifolin content was 4.96 mg/g, while the highest silybin A + silybin B content (21.77–31.39 mg/g of dry weight (dw)) was recorded in seeds from the “Spata” population originating from central Greece. Our results showed noticeable levels of diversity in silymarin content and composition in native milk thistle populations, indicating that a valuable gene pool for exploitation in milk thistle breeding programmes exists in Greece.     

Silybum marianum: non‐medical exploitation of the species

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is currently utilised as a medicinal plant which provides raw material for the production of silymarin. Silymarin is composed of a group of flavonolignans that are well known and studied for their medicinal properties. However, the biomass yield potential and the chemical composition of its biomass suggest opportunities for much broader utilisation of S. marianum. This paper reviews the available literature about S. marianum biomass productivity and composition and about properties of products and byproducts of silymarin extraction. Alternative uses of whole plant biomass include fodder, bioenergy production and phytoremediation. Byproducts of silymarin extraction such as oil and flour have possible applications in food, feed and cosmetics. Moreover, the review explores potential alternative applications of silymarin. We conclude that a pivotal issue for further utilisation of S. marianum is the development of improved cultivars suited for the different possible utilisations.     

Interaction between Colletotrichum falcatum pathotypes and biocontrol agents

Abstract

To select efficient antagonistic strain(s) of biocontrol agents against most of the existing pathotypes of Colletotrichum falcatum, an in vitro interaction study was carried out with 13 pathotypes, 12 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and 6 isolates of Trichoderma spp. Antagonistic pseudomonad strains exhibited greater variation in their activity depending on the virulence of the pathotype. The lower the pathogen virulence, the higher was the antagonistic activity noticed. In general, sub-tropical pathotypes were suppressed at a comparatively higher level than the tropical pathotypes. Among the four efficient P. fluorescens strains selected based on their inhibitory effect against various pathotypes, ARR1G and VPT4 were effective against tropical pathotypes and FP7 showed moderate effect against all the pathotypes. The strain KKM2 was effective against sub-tropical and weaker tropical pathotypes. Strains of Trichoderma spp. did not show much variation in antagonism, but varied in their mode of action in suppressing the pathogen growth. However, based on higher rate of hyperparasitism, T. harzianum strains T5 and T62 were selected against all the pathotypes.     

三株海洋木霉的应用潜力

【目的】探索3株海洋生境木霉的应用潜力。【方法】经过筛选和诱变,获得高抑菌活性及产孢量的木霉突变株;通过优化培养基、温度、初始p H考察其产孢量及最适培养条件;综合抑菌谱、重寄生及抑菌相关基因考察其抑菌活性;采用特殊培养基法考察其产纤维素酶、植酸酶、铁载体以及降解磷钾的能力,高效液相色谱法测定其产吲哚乙酸能力。【结果】3株木霉菌的产孢量分别为3.45×108、3.10×108和2.55×108 CFU/cm2,与野生型相比分别提高了88.52%、63.16%和180.22%;且均可产生厚垣孢子,其中XG20-1厚垣孢子产量最高,达到3.56×108 CFU/m L。3株木霉菌具有较广抑菌谱及对番茄早疫病菌的重寄生作用,同时扩增得到Tex1、Nag1、Eg1基因,生物学测试显示其均具有产纤维素酶、几丁质酶以及铁载体的能力,证明其抑菌活性是多种机制共同作用的结果;菌株可以降解磷钾,且吲哚乙酸产量分别为2.61、1.57和1.92 mg/L,具有促进植物生长的潜力。【结论】本文中3株木霉菌在开发为生防菌与生物肥料方面展现出良好的应用潜力。     

Trichoderma spp. alleviate phytotoxicity in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water

The influence of two strains of Trichoderma (T. harzianum strain T22 and T. atroviride strain P1) on the growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with As-contaminated water, and their effect on the uptake and accumulation of the contaminant in the plant roots and leaves, were studied. Accumulation of this non-essential element occurred mainly into the root system and reduced both biomass development and net photosynthesis rate (while altering the plant P status). Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) of both Trichoderma species alleviated, at least in part, the phytotoxicity of As, essentially by decreasing its accumulation in the tissues and enhancing plant growth, P status and net photosynthesis rate. Our results indicate that inoculation of lettuce with selected Trichoderma strains may be helpful, beside the classical biocontrol application, in alleviating abiotic stresses such as that caused by irrigation with As-contaminated water, and in reducing the concentration of this metalloid in the edible part of the plant.     

Genotype-specific responses to the effects of commercial Trichoderma formulations in lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) in the presence and absence of the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches

Members of the endophytic fungal genus Trichoderma have been established as plant-beneficial microbes and are most successful commercial biologicals in the form of bio-fertilisers, biocontrol agents, and growth stimulators. We report the variable interactions among different lentil genotypes and Trichoderma strains in both the presence and absence of biotic stress (root-rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches). Two commercial Trichoderma formulations, namely RootShield^® (RS) and RootShield^® Plus (RSP) based on T. harzianum T22 and T. virens G41, respectively, were evaluated for control of Aphanomyces root rot and plant growth promotion in 23 wild and cultivated lentil genotypes. No significant disease control was recorded with either formulation in any lentil genotype. Significant genotype-specific plant growth promotion was observed in terms of root and shoot development and leaf parameters in a genotype-specific manner. Genotypes of Lens culinaris and Lens tomentosus, both in the primary lentil gene pool, demonstrated the maximum response. The overall effect of Trichoderma treatment was markedly higher under biotically stressed conditions in comparison to unstressed conditions. In many cases, negative responses were recorded, particularly in the absence of root-rot disease. L. tomentosus PI 572390 exhibited positive responses for most of the tested parameters. Our findings clearly indicate that, in the case of lentil, plant genotype plays a major role in interactions among the tested Trichoderma strains and the plant. Moreover, the influence of Trichoderma was greater and more favourable under conditions of biotic stress vs. the absence of stress.     

粮食上木霉菌的分离鉴定及其生防效果

【背景】粮食在生长和收储期极易受到病原真菌或产毒真菌的污染,造成严重的损失。众多实践证明木霉属(Trichoderma)可以有效防治植物病原真菌。【目的】鉴定和筛选能有效抑制粮食常见危害真菌的木霉生防菌株,开发生防菌剂,保障粮食生产安全。【方法】从粮食上分离筛选出35株木霉,通过多基因系统发育分析和形态学观察方法进行菌种鉴定,利用平板对峙试验筛选出对粮食常见危害真菌有抑制作用的菌株。【结果】35株木霉分属于8个种,分别为非洲哈茨木霉(Trichodermaafroharzianum)、类棘孢木霉(Trichodermaasperelloides)、 Trichoderma amoenum、近深绿木霉(Trichoderma paratroviride)、Trichoderma obovatum、长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)、东方木霉(Trichodermaorientale)和深绿木霉(Trichodermaatroviride)。对峙试验结果表明,这8种木霉对于粮食上分离到的10种危害真菌均具有较好的抑制效果。非洲哈茨木霉(T.afroharzi...     

一株嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6的分离及其全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析

【目的】开展具有硫氧化能力的嗜酸硫杆菌属(Acidithiobacillus)的分离及其比较基因组学分析,不仅可以丰富硫氧化细菌菌种资源,而且有助于加深理解嗜酸硫杆菌的分子进化与生态适应机制。【方法】利用以硫代硫酸钠为唯一能源的培养基分离具有硫氧化能力的细菌;利用Illumina HiSeq X和Oxford Nanopore测序平台对一株嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6进行全基因组测序;利用相关生物信息学分析软件对原始数据进行组装和基因组注释,并与一株亲缘关系最近的菌株Igneacidithiobacillus copahuensis VAN18-1进行比较基因组学分析。【结果】分离获得一株具有硫氧化能力的嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6。基因组注释结果显示,菌株M4-422-6基因组由1个染色体和2个质粒组成,基因组大小为2 917 823 bp,G+C含量为58.54%,共编码2 925个蛋白。16S rRNA基因和基因组系统发育树显示,菌株M4-422-6代表嗜酸硫杆菌属的一个潜在新种。功能基因注释结果显示,菌株Acidithiobacillus sp. M4-422-6拥有与菌株特性相关的众多基因,包括硫氧化相关基因、CO₂固定相关基因和耐酸相关基因。比较基因组学分析发现,虽然菌株M4-422-6与VAN18-1的亲缘关系最近,但两者仍拥有众多的差异基因,主要包括噬菌体抗性相关基因和移动元件编码基因。【结论】菌株M4-422-6代表嗜酸硫杆菌属的一个潜在新种,该菌株具有同种内菌株所不具有的特有基因,并据此推测嗜酸硫杆菌种内分化可归因于对特定生态位的适应。     

Providing the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows: effects on litter performance and oxidative stress in sows

Silymarin is an extract from the plant milk thistle that was shown to have antioxidant and hyperprolactinemic properties. Taking into account the essential role of prolactin for lactating sows and the systemic oxidative stress occurring during lactation, it is of interest to investigate the potential beneficial effects of silymarin on lactating sows. A study was therefore carried out to determine the effects of providing either 1 or 8 g/day of the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows. Sows in first, second or third parity were fed conventional diets during gestation and, at farrowing, were assigned as controls (CTL, n=33), or were fed 1 g/day (SYL1, n=33) or 8 g/day (SYL8, n=33) of silymarin. The silymarin was provided in two equal amounts per day, and was fed throughout a 20-day lactation. The performance of sows and their litters was assessed and circulating concentrations of prolactin (days 7 and 18), urea (days 7 and 18) and oxidative status, via protein carbonyls and superoxide dismutase activity (day 18), were measured in sows. Milk samples were obtained on day 18 to measure standard composition. There was no effect of silymarin (P>0.10) on circulating prolactin or urea, or on oxidative damage to proteins or antioxidant potential in sows. Lactation feed intake, backfat and BW of sows were unaffected by treatment (P>0.10) as was the case for milk composition and piglet growth (P>0.10). Results demonstrate that providing up to 8 g/day of the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows had no beneficial effects in terms of circulating prolactin concentrations or oxidative status of sows, or in terms of performances of sows and their litters.     

Dependency of Glucose Transport on d-Glucoside 3-Dehydrogenase as a Conversion System of Glucose to 3-Ketoglucose in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and the formation of senile plaques. Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle, has long been used as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Here we report marked suppression of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) fibril formation and neurotoxicity in PC12 cells after silymarin treatment in vitro. In vivo studies had indicated a significant reduction in brain Aβ deposition and improvement in behavioral abnormalities in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice that had been preventively treated with a powdered diet containing 0.1% silymarin for 6 months. The silymarin-treated APP mice also showed less anxiety than the vehicle-treated APP mice. These behavioral changes were associated with a decline in Aβ oligomer production induced by silymarin intake. These results suggest that silymarin is a promising agent for the prevention of AD.     

Antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids of ruminal strains of Bacteroides ruminicola and Bacteroides multiacidus

Summary Plasmids were recovered and are described from three ruminal Bacteroides strains — 23, 223/M2/7 and 46/5(2). Although all three were originally isolated as Bacteroides ruminicola, 46/5(2) is shown here to be a strain of Bacteroides multiacidus, a species not previously described from the rumen. An 11.7 kbp plasmid present in strain 46/5(2) gave the same digestion pattern with Sal I and Sma I as a plasmid in B. multiacidus subgroup b type strain P208-58. Strains 46/5(2) and P208-58 both showed resistance to tetracycline, as did B. ruminicola strain 223/M2/7. B. multiacidus P208-58, and, to a lesser degree, B. ruminicola 23, showed resistance to ampicillin. Four other strains of B. ruminicola and one of B. multiacidus in which plasmids were not detected were sensitive to both antibiotics. It has still to be established whether these resistance traits are plasmid or chromosomally coded.     

Role of polyamines in regulating silymarin production in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Asteraceae) cell cultures under conditions of calcium deficiency

As part of our efforts to identify the possible role of polyamines (PAs) in silymarin (Sm) production, the effects of calcium deprivation on cell growth and on endogenous PAs levels and Sm production by milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) grown in cell cultures were examined. Young cultured cells of the H2 line of S. marianum were transferred to a medium without calcium and with ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl) ether-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid present to chelate any free calcium in order to analyze the effects of this medium on the levels of PAs and Sm produced by the cells. During the 17 days of exposure to this calcium-free medium most of the cell populations were in the G0/G1 phase (from day 7 to day 14 of culture) while PA levels underwent a progressive decline up to day 17, after which they were no longer detectable. We observed that putrescine (Put) accumulation was always lower than that observed under normal conditions. The lack of calcium in the MS medium advances the onset of the stationary phase, whose beginning is marked by an increase in the Put/spermidine (Spd) index, raising the production of Sm; the suspensions were productive for a longer time and hence produced more of the substance. Our results indicate that under stress conditions the production of Sm in young-cell suspensions of S. marianum is not associated with high levels of PAs in the medium – contrary to what one would expect – allowing us to conclude that growth inhibition appears to be the factor responsible for the maximum Sm accumulation while PAs are not directly involved in the Sm synthesis pathway by milk thistle grown in culture.     

Cellulose decomposing ability of Trichoderma in relation to their saprophytic survival

Abstract

Forty one strains of Trichoderma were isolated from four provinces in the Philippines and tested for their cellulose adequacy indices (CAI). T. harzianum strain no. 94-016 with the highest CAI was further tested for its saprophytic colonization in pots relative to the amount of inoculum. The higher the amount of inoculum of T. harzianum strain no. 94-016, the higher percentage colonization of rice straw in the soil. Further tests were done to compare the decomposition of rice straw on the surface and buried in the soil and the effect of moisture on soil decomposition. Buried rice straw inoculated with T. harzianum strain no. 94-016 watered on a daily basis provided better decomposition.     

拮抗北细辛菌核病木霉菌的分离、鉴定及生防效果

[背景] 菌核病是北细辛根部主要病害之一,木霉菌作为目前应用最广泛的生物防治真菌,利用木霉菌防治北细辛菌核病是目前研究的热点。[目的] 通过稀释分离法对健康北细辛植株根际土壤进行菌株分离,以期筛选出有效拮抗北细辛菌核病的生防木霉菌。[方法] 以北细辛菌核病菌为靶标菌,采用平板对峙培养、挥发性与非挥发性物质抑菌的方法对分离得到的木霉菌进行筛选,采用生长速率法对筛选出的木霉菌的发酵液进行抑菌效果测定,并采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定筛选出的木霉对北细辛菌核病菌的丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、紫外吸收法测定过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性、氮蓝四唑法测定超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）活性、愈创木酚法测定过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性的影响。[结果] 从土壤中分离出木霉菌共14株,通过形态学和ITS-RPB2双基因联合构建系统发育树,鉴定其为哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）、钩状木霉（Trichoderma hamatum）、拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma koningiopsis）、深绿木霉（Trichoderma atroviride）、短密木霉（Trichoderma brevicompactum）和装絮木霉（Trichoderma tomentosum）。对峙培养试验表明,钩状木霉A26、拟康氏木霉B30、钩状木霉C6、哈茨木霉A17对北细辛菌核病菌抑制率均在90%以上,挥发性物质抑制测定结果显示钩状木霉C6抑制率最高,为53.73%±0.07%,木霉菌的非挥发性物质抑菌作用较强,哈茨木霉A17、钩状木霉A26、钩状木霉C6的非挥发性物质对细辛菌核病菌的抑制率均在75%以上,而拟康氏木霉B30抑制率可达100%。因此,筛选出的哈茨木霉A17、钩状木霉A26、拟康氏木霉B30、钩状木霉C6为拮抗效果较强的生防木霉菌,这4株木霉菌的发酵液对北细辛菌核病菌的抑制率分别为56.33%±0.12%、77.22%±0.06%、82.28%±0.03%、46.20%±0.04%。经这4株木霉菌的非挥发性物质处理7 d后,菌核病菌MDA含量显著增加,钩状木霉A26是对照组的7.7倍,最为显著;菌核病菌抗氧化酶活性均降低,与对照组相比,CAT、SOD、POD活性分别下降了19.67%-75.84%、4.71%-68.71%和3.57%-67.86%。[结论] 从北细辛健康植株根际土壤中分离的木霉菌株哈茨木霉A17、钩状木霉A26、拟康氏木霉B30、钩状木霉C6对北细辛菌核病菌均有较好的抑制效果,可用于北细辛菌核病的生物防治。     

Bacterial effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhiza development as influenced by the bacteria, fungi, and host plant

Bacterial strains from mycorrhizal roots (three belonging to Comamonadaceae and one to Oxalobacteraceae) and from non-mycorrhizal roots (two belonging to Comamonadaceae) of Medicago truncatula and two reference strains (Collimonas fungivorans Ter331 and Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12) were tested for their effect on the in vitro saprophytic growth of Glomus mosseae BEG12 and on its colonization of M. truncatula roots. Only the Oxalobacteraceae strain, isolated from barrel medic mycorrhizal roots, and the reference strain P. fluorescens C7R12 promoted both the saprophytic growth and root colonization of G. mosseae BEG12, indicating that they acted as mycorrhiza helper bacteria. Greatest effects were achieved by P. fluorescens C7R12 and its influence on the saprophytic growth of G. mosseae was compared to that on Gigaspora rosea BEG9 to determine if the bacterial stimulation was fungal specific. This fungal specificity, together with plant specificity, was finally evaluated by comparing bacterial effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis when each of the fungal species was inoculated to two different plant species (M. truncatula and Lycopersicon esculentum). The results obtained showed that promotion of saprophytic growth by P. fluorescens C7R12 was expressed in vitro towards G. mosseae but not towards G. rosea. Bacterial promotion of mycorhization was also expressed towards G. mosseae, but not G. rosea, in roots of M. truncatula and L. esculentum. Taken together, results indicated that enhancement of arbuscular mycorrhiza development was only induced by a limited number of bacteria, promotion by the most efficient bacterial strain being fungal and not plant specific.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌的多样性分析

【目的】对内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌资源的生物多样性进行研究。【方法】采用纯培养和16S rRNA基因序列分析法对内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区传统发酵乳中的乳酸菌进行多样性分析。【结果】从8份传统发酵乳制品(6份酸牛奶和2份酸马奶)样品中分离到24株乳酸菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析和系统进化关系分析将24株乳酸菌鉴定为2株Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens、2株Lactobacillus kefiri、5株Lactobacillus paracasei、3株Lactobacillus plantarum、1株Lactobacillus rhamnosus、6株Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis、2株Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.dextranicum、2株Streptococcus thermophilus和1株Enterococcus faecium。【结论】Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis为内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区传统发酵乳制品的优势菌种,占总分离株的25%,其次为Lactobacillus paracasei,占总分离株的20.83%。     

镇江香醋核心酿造微生物醋酸杆菌和乳酸杆菌共培养对生长代谢的影响

[目的] 研究镇江香醋酿造过程核心功能微生物醋酸杆菌属与乳酸杆菌属菌株之间的相互作用关系。[方法] 本文以分离到的镇江香醋酿造中的核心微生物2株醋酸杆菌和8株孔酸杆菌为研究对象,构建醋酸杆菌和乳酸杆菌共培养发酵体系,比较异位与原位条件下,纯培养及共培养中菌株的生长和代谢（包括还原糖、乙醇和总酸等含量）差异;采用GC-MS检测原位共培养中挥发性物质的变化,分析微生物间的交互作用对镇江香醋主要风味物质形成的潜在影响。[结果] 醋酸杆菌和乳酸杆菌之间的交互作用具有种间特异性和环境特异性,A.pasteurianus G3-2和L.helveticus M3-1、L.plantarum M10-1、L.pontis M17-5及L.reuteri GE7-1在异位及原位模拟共培养中整体的生长和代谢优于纯培养;A.pomorum G15-6和L.paracasei E1-1在异位和原位共培养下还原糖利用率和总酸的产生率都低于纯培养,和L.helveticus M3-1、L.reuteri GE7-1、L.plantarum M10-1、L.fermentum M10-3、L.casei E10-1、L.pontis M17-5、L.hilgardii M3-4共培养在异位和原位模拟中代谢不一致。根据GC-MS分析显示,A.pasteurianus G3-2和L.helveticus M3-1及L.reuteri GE7-1原位模拟共培养时异戊酸、乙酸乙酯、甲酸辛酯等风味物质的含量明显优于纯培养,其中一种重要风味物质2,3-丁二酮只在共培养时被检出,其含量分别达到了9.87 mg/L及14.28 mg/L。[结论] 镇江香醋醋醅中的醋酸杆菌和乳酸杆菌之间的交互作用能够影响菌株生长和主要代谢产物生成,这一研究有助于深入剖析镇江香醋风味形成的酿造机理,为理性调控酿造菌群以改善镇江香醋风味品质奠定了理论基础。     

<i>Trichoderma</i> spp. fostering growth on <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Jacq. seedlings and antagonistic against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>

Fourteen native strains of Trichoderma spp. from wildand agricultural pathosystems in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, with growth-promoting ability of Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedlings were evaluated and antagonistic effect of their filtrate against second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The strains Th05-02 and Th27-08 showed the best significant effects on plant hight variable increments 55.57 and 47.62%, theTh07-04 with 29.48% more root length, theTh02-01 and Th07-04 isolates increased from 48.71 to 84.61% in volume radical and 53.40% of total dry biomass. Statistical analysis (p≤0.001) of Th43 and Th43-13-14 filtrates caused 100% mortality at 24 and 48h. In the test of reversibility to 24 h after replacing the filtrates Th43-13, Th43-14, TH09-06 and TH20-07 by sterile distilled water, the J2 did not recover their viability, so they were considered as the best potential strains of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic capacity in J2 of M.incognita.     

酸性旱地红壤无机氮同化菌株筛选及其全基因组分析

微生物执行的无机氮同化作用可固定施入土壤后未被作物直接吸收的化学氮肥,有效减少化学氮肥损失、降低环境氮素污染风险。土壤无机氮同化作用不是由大量冗余微生物共同执行的,而是由一小部分功能微生物优先执行。【目的】对酸性旱地红壤中的优势无机氮同化细菌进行富集、菌株分离鉴定及全基因组测序,并明确菌株在土壤中的氮同化能力,为酸性土壤化学氮肥应用及其转化过程研究提供菌株资源和理论依据。【方法】在酸性旱地红壤中添加KNO3或(NH4)2SO4作为无机氮源,以葡萄糖作为碳源,在好氧条件下进行富集预培养,采用稀释分离法筛选出优势无机氮同化细菌菌株;将菌株回接至土壤中从而验证其无机氮同化能力,并通过全基因组测序分析菌株的氮素代谢途径及相关功能基因。【结果】酸性旱地红壤经富集预培养一周后,优势无机氮同化微生物的16SrRNA基因相对丰度从0.20%–0.94%增长至20.2%–30.2%;分离筛选后得到的3株优势无机氮同化细菌菌株,鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.) M6-3、索状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus funiculus) M2-4和节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.) M7...