三种鼠针毛表面超微结构的比较研究

利用扫描电镜技术对棕背(鼠平)Clethrionomys rufocanus、大林姬鼠Apodemus sylvatics和花鼠Eutaraias sibiricus 3种森林害鼠针毛的表面结构进行观察.研究结果认为:3种鼠针毛在鳞片类型、游离缘平滑度、高度、密度等因素上存在一定的差异,其中棕背(鼠平)和大林姬鼠差异不显著,而花鼠与其它两种鼠差异显著,在鼠的分类上具有一定的参考意义.     

雪豹针毛表面超微结构的观察分析

应用扫描电镜技术对雪豹Uncia uncia Schreber头部、颈部、背部、前肢、后肢、腹部、尾部和体侧针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明:雪豹的8种针毛均近似为梭形;8种针毛的3个典型部位之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.8种针毛的近根部鳞片为宽瓣型;主体部分鳞片为杂波型;近梢部鳞片为冠状型.这将为雪豹的形态学研究及物种鉴定提供一定的生物学基础资料.     

东北虎3个部位针毛表面超微结构的观察分析

应用扫描电镜技术对东北虎的头部、背部和尾部针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明,东北虎3个部位针毛均近似为纺锤形;3个部位针毛的3个典型节段之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.3个不同部位针毛的近根部鳞片均为扁平型;主体部分鳞片均为杂波型;近梢部鳞片均为冠...     

豺针毛的扫描电镜观察分析

应用扫描电镜技术对豺Cuon alpinus Pallas头部、背部、前肢、后肢、腹部和尾部针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明:豺的6种针毛均近似为梭形;6种针毛的3个典型部位之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.6种针毛的近根部鳞片为瓣状型;主体部分鳞片为杂波型;近梢部鳞片为冠状型.这将为豺的形态学研究及物种鉴定提供一定的生物学基础资料.     

灵猫科3种兽针毛显微结构比较

对灵猫科大灵猫、小灵猫、花面狸头部针毛显微结构观察与分析,结果表明：1）3种动物针毛的长度大小不同;毛髓质指数存在显著性差异;2）毛鳞片在近根部和近稍部形状存在差别,主体部分等面积鳞片个数大灵猫、小灵猫与花面狸两两差别显著,而大灵猫与小灵猫无显著性差异（P〉0．05）．这些差异有利于分辨灵猫科的3种动物．     

普通针毛蕨配子体发育的研究

采用混合土培养普通针毛蕨（Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching）孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明：孢子褐色,赤道面观为半圆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。播种3 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为槲蕨型。播种7 d左右发育为片状体,丝状体与片状体两阶段的界限不明显。原叶体边缘及背腹面均可产生毛状体。播种21 d左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。播种35 d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞组成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,4～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。     

犬科动物针毛结构的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜技术对4种犬科动物针毛的结构进行观察,发现4种犬科动物在针毛鳞片结构上具有明显区别,提示利用毛鳞片的类型和排列规律作犬科动物种类鉴别是一种可行的方法.此法在法医物证检验方面的应用需要建立野生动物毛样数据库及先进的图像处理系统来完善.     

灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构

【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。     

赤狐直针毛显微形态学特征观察

应用扫描电镜及偏振光显微镜对赤狐背部和腹部直针毛的髓质指数及鳞片花纹类型进行研究,并观察了赤狐颈部和臀部的髓质指数.结果 表明,赤狐4个部位的髓质花纹区别不显著,背部的髓质指数为61.3%,腹部的髓质指数为46.2%,颈部的髓质指数为73.3%,臀部的髓质指数为80.5%,4个部位髓质指数区间为40.9%～80.9%;鳞片花纹类型较单一,背部主要鳞片类型为杂波型,腹部主要鳞片类型为长瓣型,其次均为方瓣型,而扁平型、过渡型和冠状型在2个部位均不够显著.与同科的其他种类相比,主要鳞片的类型存在差异,可为物种的识别提供依据,但有一定的难度.     

An investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild Canidae: Canis lupus,Canis latrans,and Canis familiaris

This article describes an investigation of inter- and intraspecific variation in three small populations of wild Canidae-wolf, coyote, and dingo. The products of 53 gene loci were examined. Very little interspecies variation was observed, but the level of intraspecific variation was compatible with that found in man.     

The origin, growth, use, size and form of the ligamentum phrenicopericardium of Canis lupus (L. 1758) compared to Canis lupus f. familiaris

The Lig. phrenicopericardiacum of wolves who lived in captivity has been examined with regard to the following aspects: origin, run, insertion, size (breadth and length), and form. The findings of investigations were compared with the corresponding ones stated in the literature for dogs; the correspondences as well as the differences between the both species were pointed out and the possible reasons for them were discussed.     

Genetic assessment of the Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus captive breeding program

The main goal of ex situ conservation programs is to improve the chances of long term survival of natural populations by founding and managing captive colonies that can serve as a source of individuals for future reintroductions or to reinforce existing populations. The degree in which a captive breeding program has captured the genetic diversity existing in the source wild population has seldom been evaluated. In this study we evaluate the genetic diversity in wild and captive populations of the Iberian wolf, Canis lupus signatus, in order to assess how much genetic diversity is being preserved in the ongoing ex situ conservation program for this subspecies. A sample of domestic dogs was also included in the analysis for comparison. Seventy-four wolves and 135 dogs were genotyped at 13 unlinked microsatellite loci. The results show that genetic diversity in Iberian wolves is comparable in magnitude to that of other wild populations of gray wolf. Both the wild and the captive Iberian wolf populations have a similarly high genetic diversity indicating that no substantial loss of diversity has occurred in the captive-breeding program. The effective number of founders of the program was estimated as ∼ ∼16, suggesting that all founders in the studbook pedigree were genetically independent. Our results emphasize also the genetic divergence between wolves and domestic dogs and indicate that our set of 13 microsatellite loci provide a powerful diagnostic test to distinguish wolves, dogs and their hybrids.     

细叶益母草叶表面腺毛多样性及发育形态学研究

本文研究了分布在细叶益母草(Leonurus sibiricus)叶表面三种腺毛的发育过程,在此基础上,对2-细胞头状腺毛、4-细胞头状腺毛和8-细胞盾状腺毛的多样性特征进行了讨论。     

细叶益母草(Leonurus sibiricus)叶表面腺毛多样性及发育形态学研究

本文研究了分布在细叶益母草（Ｌｅｏｎｕｒｕｓｓｉｂｉｒｉｃｕｓ） 叶表面三种腺毛的发育过程,在此基础上,对２细胞头状腺毛、４细胞头状腺毛和８细胞盾状腺毛的多样性特征进行了讨论