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1.
三种鼠针毛表面超微结构的比较研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用扫描电镜技术对棕背(鼠平)Clethrionomys rufocanus、大林姬鼠Apodemus sylvatics和花鼠Eutaraias sibiricus 3种森林害鼠针毛的表面结构进行观察.研究结果认为:3种鼠针毛在鳞片类型、游离缘平滑度、高度、密度等因素上存在一定的差异,其中棕背(鼠平)和大林姬鼠差异不显著,而花鼠与其它两种鼠差异显著,在鼠的分类上具有一定的参考意义.  相似文献   

2.
应用扫描电镜技术对雪豹Uncia uncia Schreber头部、颈部、背部、前肢、后肢、腹部、尾部和体侧针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明:雪豹的8种针毛均近似为梭形;8种针毛的3个典型部位之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.8种针毛的近根部鳞片为宽瓣型;主体部分鳞片为杂波型;近梢部鳞片为冠状型.这将为雪豹的形态学研究及物种鉴定提供一定的生物学基础资料.  相似文献   

3.
应用扫描电镜技术对东北虎的头部、背部和尾部针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明,东北虎3个部位针毛均近似为纺锤形;3个部位针毛的3个典型节段之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.3个不同部位针毛的近根部鳞片均为扁平型;主体部分鳞片均为杂波型;近梢部鳞片均为冠...  相似文献   

4.
豺针毛的扫描电镜观察分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用扫描电镜技术对豺Cuon alpinus Pallas头部、背部、前肢、后肢、腹部和尾部针毛的表面超微结构进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明:豺的6种针毛均近似为梭形;6种针毛的3个典型部位之间在鳞片类型、鳞片排列方式、高度和密度差异及游离缘平滑度上均具有较高的相似性和一致性.6种针毛的近根部鳞片为瓣状型;主体部分鳞片为杂波型;近梢部鳞片为冠状型.这将为豺的形态学研究及物种鉴定提供一定的生物学基础资料.  相似文献   

5.
灵猫科3种兽针毛显微结构比较   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对灵猫科大灵猫、小灵猫、花面狸头部针毛显微结构观察与分析,结果表明:1)3种动物针毛的长度大小不同;毛髓质指数存在显著性差异;2)毛鳞片在近根部和近稍部形状存在差别,主体部分等面积鳞片个数大灵猫、小灵猫与花面狸两两差别显著,而大灵猫与小灵猫无显著性差异(P〉0.05).这些差异有利于分辨灵猫科的3种动物.  相似文献   

6.
7.
张开梅  石雷  李东 《植物研究》2006,26(1):70-73
采用混合土培养普通针毛蕨(Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching)孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:孢子褐色,赤道面观为半圆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。播种3 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为槲蕨型。播种7 d左右发育为片状体,丝状体与片状体两阶段的界限不明显。原叶体边缘及背腹面均可产生毛状体。播种21 d左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。播种35 d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞组成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,4~5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。  相似文献   

8.
运用扫描电镜技术对4种犬科动物针毛的结构进行观察,发现4种犬科动物在针毛鳞片结构上具有明显区别,提示利用毛鳞片的类型和排列规律作犬科动物种类鉴别是一种可行的方法.此法在法医物证检验方面的应用需要建立野生动物毛样数据库及先进的图像处理系统来完善.  相似文献   

9.
灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
赤狐直针毛显微形态学特征观察   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
应用扫描电镜及偏振光显微镜对赤狐背部和腹部直针毛的髓质指数及鳞片花纹类型进行研究,并观察了赤狐颈部和臀部的髓质指数.结果 表明,赤狐4个部位的髓质花纹区别不显著,背部的髓质指数为61.3%,腹部的髓质指数为46.2%,颈部的髓质指数为73.3%,臀部的髓质指数为80.5%,4个部位髓质指数区间为40.9%~80.9%;鳞片花纹类型较单一,背部主要鳞片类型为杂波型,腹部主要鳞片类型为长瓣型,其次均为方瓣型,而扁平型、过渡型和冠状型在2个部位均不够显著.与同科的其他种类相比,主要鳞片的类型存在差异,可为物种的识别提供依据,但有一定的难度.  相似文献   

11.
动物肠道菌群关系其健康状态,而菌群组成受到生活环境等因素的影响,探究其中关系有利于更好地进行物种保护。本研究基于非损伤性取样,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术,开展不同地理纬度笼养国家二级重点保护野生动物狼(Canis lupus)的肠道菌群结构比较和初步功能预测。针对取自天津市动物园(38°88′N)和南京市红山森林动物园(31°14′N)两地饲养的狼粪便样本(分别简称为天津样本和南京样本)进行高通量测序,利用生物信息学比较分析两组样本的微生物组成和多样性差异。结果表明:Student’s t和Welch’s t检验显示南京样本的α多样性显著高于天津样本。在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是两组样本中的优势菌门,天津样本中弯曲杆菌门(Campilobacterota)的丰度显著高于南京样本。在属水平上,两组样本的肠道菌群中优势菌属均包括艰难梭菌属(Peptoclostridium)、柯林斯菌属(Collinsella)和狭义梭菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)。基于Unweighted UniFrac距...  相似文献   

12.
Little is known about the development of the sensory systems of wolves. The timing of sensory development in wolves is usually extrapolated from studies on dogs, since they are members of the same species. However, early developmental differences between these two subspecies have already been identified. For example, wolves tend to approach and investigate objects in their environment 2 wk before dogs. These changes in developmental timing may play an important role in the behavioral differences between adult wolves and dogs. The purpose of this study is to compare the development of the sensory systems in wolves and dogs. Responses of seven wolf pups and 43 dog pups to familiar and novel olfactory, auditory, and visual stimuli were tested weekly from 2–7 wk of age. Eleven wolf pups were also observed for orientation towards auditory and visual stimuli during 2‐h sessions, 5 d a week, from 2–8 wk of age. These observations were supplemented by the daily records of caretakers. The results suggest that wolves and dogs both develop olfaction by 2 wk, audition by 4 wk, and vision by 6 wk on average, despite the 2‐wk shift in their ability to explore. This means that when wolves begin to explore at 2 wk, they are blind and deaf, and must rely primarily on their sense of smell. Thus, there is a significant alteration of how these subspecies experience their environment during the critical period of socialization. These findings lead to an alternative explanation for the difference in dogs' and wolves' abilities to form interspecies social attachments, such as those with humans.  相似文献   

13.
14.
陈磊  张洪海  马建章 《生态学报》2010,30(6):1463-1471
应用Long-PCR和克隆测序法得到蒙古狼(Canis lupus chanco)线粒体基因组全序列,结合GenBank中现有犬科动物线粒体基因组数据,应用最大简约法(MP)、最大似然法(ML)和Bayesian分析法对蒙古狼的系统发育地位进行了探讨。结果如下:蒙古狼线粒体基因组全长16709bp,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个非编码区。序列碱基的组成存在明显的A-T偏好性。tRNA基因中除tRNA-Ser(AGY)缺少双氢尿嘧啶(DHU)臂以外,其余均能折叠成典型的三叶草二级结构。大多数蛋白质编码基因的起始和终止密码子与犬科动物有报道相同,COXⅡ基因的起始密码子为ATA,与其他犬科动物不同。基于12S rRNA+16S rRNA+H链上的12个蛋白质编码基因的联合数据的系统发育分析发现,在已报道的狼亚种数据中,西藏狼(Canis lupus laniger)的分化时间最早,其次为阿拉伯狼(Canis lupus arabs),蒙古狼与欧亚狼(Canis lupuslupus)的系统发育地位最为接近。  相似文献   

15.
  • 1 The wolf Canis lupus, the most widespread of the four species of large carnivores in Europe, after centuries of population decline and eradication, is now recovering in many countries. Wolves contribute to regulating prey–predator dynamics and interact with human activities, mainly livestock farming and ungulate hunting. Although wolves are protected in most European countries, illegal or incidental killing is widespread.
  • 2 Wolf populations do not show any apparent phylogeographic structuring worldwide. Molecular and morphological studies of historical samples showed evidence of wolf ecomorph extinctions, coinciding with the great Pleistocene faunal turnover.
  • 3 Extant populations show recurrent long‐range dispersal during cycles of expansion and recolonization. Demographically stable populations, in contrast, seem to be characterized by very limited gene flow.
  • 4 Despite the potential for dispersal and ecological flexibility, landscape genetic approaches have demonstrated the existence of genetically distinct wolf populations, which originated through habitat and prey specializations.
  • 5 Small isolated wolf populations may suffer from inbreeding depression, although selection for heterozygotes and the rescue effect can foster rapid population recovery. Population structure and dynamics is efficiently monitored by non‐invasive genetic methods, which are also useful to identify wolf × dogCanis lupus familiaris hybridization.
  • 6 Despite technical advances and a better knowledge of wolf biology, wolf conservation is largely dependent on humans, and on the solution of conflicts with stakeholders.
  相似文献   

16.
This article describes an investigation of inter- and intraspecific variation in three small populations of wild Canidae-wolf, coyote, and dingo. The products of 53 gene loci were examined. Very little interspecies variation was observed, but the level of intraspecific variation was compatible with that found in man.  相似文献   

17.
A multiple character analysis was undertaken of a broadly representativesample of three species:Canis lupus (wolf), C. latrans (coyote),and C. familiaris (dog). These species are clearly and significantlydistinguished by the technique of linear discrimination. Theanalysis provides a basis for the identification of skulls notobviously distinguishable by size or other diagnostic characters. Early populations of Canis n. niger and C. n. gregoryi (redwolf) are compared with the three species above and are foundto form a cluster with lupus and to be sharply distinct fromthe other two species. Additional comparisons show that whilelupus lycaon and niger both overlap with lupus, they are distinctfrom each other. This entire cluster is quite distinct fromlatrans, with niger being the farthest removed. A sample populationof C. n. gregoiyi, from the edge of the extending range of C.latrans, was examined and found to show too great a range ofvariation to be attributed to a single species.  相似文献   

18.
The Lig. phrenicopericardiacum of wolves who lived in captivity has been examined with regard to the following aspects: origin, run, insertion, size (breadth and length), and form. The findings of investigations were compared with the corresponding ones stated in the literature for dogs; the correspondences as well as the differences between the both species were pointed out and the possible reasons for them were discussed.  相似文献   

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