思连康对肝硬化血浆内毒素影响的研究

目的:探讨益生菌制剂思连康治疗肝硬化内毒素血症的作用机制。方法:采用大鼠肝硬化模型,其中治疗组予以思连康液灌胃治疗,共8周,检测治疗组及对照组血浆内毒素指标;并选取70例肝硬化ChildPugh分级为B级的患者,其中治疗组口服思连康(每次两粒,每日三次)3周,观察治疗前后血浆内毒素变化。结果:思连康治疗组的肝硬化大鼠及患者血浆内毒素均明显低于对照组(p<0.05)。结论:思连康能明显降低肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平,可作为肝硬化患者的辅助用药。     

培菲康对肝硬化血浆内毒影响的研究

目的　探讨益生菌制剂培菲康治疗肝硬化内毒素血症的作用机制。方法　采用大鼠肝硬化模型,其中治疗组予以培菲康液每天灌胃治疗,共8周,检测治疗组及对照组血浆内毒指标;并选取70例肝硬化Child-Pugh分级为B级的患者,其中治疗组口服培菲康胶囊(每次2粒,每天3次) 3周,观察治疗前后血浆内毒素变化。结果　培菲康治疗组的肝硬化大鼠及患者血浆内毒素均明显低于对照组( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　培菲康能明显降低肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平,可作为肝硬化患者的辅助用药     

益生菌对肝硬化血氨影响的实验及临床研究

目的采用动物实验及临床观察,探讨益生菌制剂培菲康治疗肝硬化高氨血症的作用机制。方法采用大鼠肝硬化模型,其中治疗组予以培菲康悬液每天灌胃治疗共8周,检测治疗组及对照组血浆内毒素指标;并选用70例肝硬化Child-Pugh分级为B级的患者,其中治疗组口服培菲康胶囊(每次2粒,每日3次)3周,观察治疗前后血浆内毒素变化。结果培菲康治疗组的肝硬化大鼠及患者血浆内毒素均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论培菲康能明显降低肝硬化患者的血氨水平,可作为肝硬化患者的辅助用药。     

中药提取物水苏糖对实验性肝硬化大鼠血浆内毒素及肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨中药提取物水苏糖对肝硬化大鼠血浆内毒素及肠道菌群的影响.方法36只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（n=6）,模型组,预防组,晚期治疗组.采用CCL4复合因素法建立肝硬化模型;实验第9周末处死所有大鼠,观察药物对肝硬化大鼠内毒素,肠道菌群,AST、ALT肝功能及肝组织病理学等的影响.结果中药提取物水苏糖对内毒素及其它指标都有明显的改善,预防组,晚期治疗组病理都有改善,预防组优于治疗组.结论中药提取物水苏糖能有效调整肝硬化肠道菌群失调,并降低血浆内毒素.对肝脏有保护作用.     

TLR4在四氯化碳诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞的表达

目的：检测Toll样受体4（TLR4）在四氯化碳诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞的表达,为进一步研究肝硬化时骨髓损伤的发生机制提供实验依据。方法：选择Wistar大鼠给予腹腔注射CCl4,一周两次,建立肝硬化大鼠模型。分别于建模8周和12周检测大鼠血浆内毒素的水平,免疫组化检测大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞上TLR4的表达情况,RT-PCR测定骨髓组织中TLR4mRNA的表达,分析TLR4的表达与内毒素血症间的关系。结果：给予CCl4 8周和12周时,对照组大鼠血浆内毒素水平分别为（0．216±0．024）Eu／ml和（0．133±0．022）Eu／ml,模型组大鼠血浆内毒素水平分别为（0．626±0．021）Eu／ml和（0．725±0．031）Eu／ml,分别较对照组显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;骨髓血窦内皮细胞TLR4蛋白表达及骨髓组织中TLR4mRNA的表达均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。大鼠骨髓TLR4蛋白和mRNA表达与血浆内毒素水平均呈显著正相关（r=0．841,0．803,P均〈0．001）。结论：CCl4诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞TLR4表达升高,并伴随大鼠内毒素血症的发生,提示肝硬化时肠源性内毒素血症可能参与了骨髓的造血功能的损害和病变。     

微生态制剂在肝硬化肠功能紊乱患者的治疗作用

目的 研究肠道微生态制剂对肝硬化肠功能紊乱患者的治疗作用。方法 选择100例肝硬化肠功能紊乱患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组予培菲康、乳果糖口服28d。观察2组患者治疗前后临床症状,检测治疗前后血氨和血浆内毒素。结果 与对照组相比,治疗组临床症状有明显改善,血氨水平降低,血浆内毒素水平下降,与对照组差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 肝硬化肠功能紊乱患者存在肠道菌群失调,微生态制剂可有效改善肝硬化肠功能紊乱患者临床症状,并降低血氨及血浆内毒素,减少并发症发生率。     

思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎临床观察

目的评价思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效。方法对120例小儿轮状病毒性肠炎患儿随机分为4组,A组为对照组,给予抗病毒、补液、纠酸等常规治疗,在此基础上,B组加用思连康,C组加用思密达,D组加用思连康联合思密达治疗,比较4组临床疗效。结果A、B、C和D组的总有效率分别为27.34%、56.67%、53.33%和83.34%,平均止泻时间分别为（133.20±41.89）h、（87.56±34.63）h、（88.07±36.24）h和（68.63±29.48）h。无论总有效率或平均止泻时间,治疗组与对照组相比,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）,而又以D组疗效最好,与B组或C组相比,差异均有显著性（P均〈0.05）。结论思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的疗效肯定,值得临床推广使用。     

TLR4 在四氯化碳诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞的表达

目的：检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)在四氯化碳诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞的表达,为进一步研究肝硬化时骨髓损伤 的发生机制提供实验依据。方法：选择Wistar大鼠给予腹腔注射CCl4,一周两次,建立肝硬化大鼠模型。分别于建模8 周和12 周 检测大鼠血浆内毒素的水平,免疫组化检测大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞上TLR4 的表达情况,RT-PCR 测定骨髓组织中TLR4 mRNA 的表达,分析TLR4 的表达与内毒素血症间的关系。结果：给予CCl4 8 周和12 周时,对照组大鼠血浆内毒素水平分别为(0.216± 0.024) Eu/ml 和(0.133± 0.022) Eu/ml,模型组大鼠血浆内毒素水平分别为(0.626± 0.021) Eu/ml 和(0.725± 0.031) Eu/ml,分别较对 照组显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);骨髓血窦内皮细胞TLR4蛋白表达及骨髓组织中TLR4 mRNA的表达均显著高于 对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大鼠骨髓TLR4 蛋白和mRNA表达与血浆内毒素水平均呈显著正相关（r=0.841,0.803,P 均<0.001）。结论：CCl4 诱导的肝硬化大鼠骨髓血窦内皮细胞TLR4 表达升高,并伴随大鼠内毒素血症的发生,提示肝硬化时肠源 性内毒素血症可能参与了骨髓的造血功能的损害和病变。     

思连康治疗儿童功能性消化不良临床分析

目的探讨思连康治疗儿童功能性消化不良的效果和临床应用安全性。方法采用随机、对照方法,使用思连康治疗3—14周岁患有儿童功能性消化不良症状的患儿各70例。所有参加临床验证的患儿均严格按照人选标准、排除标准选择病例,试验方法和给药方法完全统一。观察日服药物后的起效时间及第6、10天的症状缓解率。结果服药后上腹痛、嗳酸及上腹不适、烧心感症状的半小时缓解率,思连康治疗组优于多酶片对照组,分别为41．42％和11．42％、45．71％和17．14％、35．71％和15．71％（P均〈0．01）。思连康治疗组治疗后的第6天与第10天,临床症状总积分较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．01）,有效率分别为80％和75．71％,均高于多酶片对照组（38．57％、48．57％,P均〈0．01）,其中上腹痛、上腹不适与烧心症状的改善更为明显。整个疗程中,思连康治疗组未发现任何不良反应。结论思连康对儿童功能性消化不良症状具有显著疗效,本试验期间未观察到任何毒副作用,口味香甜,受到患儿欢迎。     

微生态制剂联合小儿康治疗儿童迁延性腹泻机制研究

目的:探讨微生态制剂思连康联合小儿康治疗儿童迁延性腹泻的疗效,并进一步探讨其机制.方法:我院共收治60例腹泻患儿,随机分为两组,均在常规治疗基础上治疗组加用思连康联合小儿康,对照组加用杜拉宝治疗儿童腹泻.观察两组的疗效,以及两组临床症状的好转情况及住院时间的比较.酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA法)检测两组患者血清和粪便白介素6和8(IL-6和IL-8)的变化.结果:治疗组总有效率为90％,高于对照组(P＜0.05);临床症状的好转情况及住院时间的比较优于对照组(P＜0.01).治疗后血清及大便细胞因子IL-6和IL-8均有降低,并优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:思连康联合小儿康治疗儿童迁延性腹泻,疗效显著,值得广泛推广.其机制可能与下调炎性细胞因子有关.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.