阴道微生态平衡与高危型HPV感染分析

目的了解高危型HPV感染与阴道微生态平衡是否有关。方法选取2014年1月至2014年12月山西医科大学第二医院妇产科门诊就诊同时进行了阴道微生态检查及HPV检查的患者3 861例作为研究对象,对其阴道微生态检查的结果进行分析。结果 (1)细菌性阴道病组、滴虫阴道炎组、混合性阴道炎组与阴道微生态正常组相比,高危型HPV感染的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)多因素分析的结果表明高危型HPV感染与细菌性阴道病及滴虫阴道炎的存在有关,细菌性阴道病的OR值3.792(95%CI3.196,4.500),滴虫阴道炎的OR值0.646(95%CI0.500,0.843),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阴道微生态环境的改变尤其是细菌性阴道病及滴虫阴道炎与高危型HPV感染发生率的升高有关。     

子宫良性病变行子宫切除术前 阴道微生态检测的临床价值

目的 探讨子宫良性病变行子宫切除术前阴道微生态检测的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月在厦门市妇幼保健院妇科因子宫良性病变行腹腔镜子宫切除、资料完整的病例453例,术前检测阴道微生态及宫颈高危HPV感染情况。结果 453例患者阴道微生态正常152例(33.55%),微生态失衡69例(15.23%),细菌性阴道病(BV)132例(29.14%),外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)45例(9.93%),滴虫性阴道炎(TV)25例(5.52%),需氧菌性阴道炎(AV)16例(3.53%),混合性阴道炎(MVI)14例(3.09%)。宫颈高危型HPV感染107例,其中微生态正常30例(28.04%),微生态失衡19例(17.76%),BV 39例(36.45%),VVC 10例(9.35%),TV 5例(4.67%),MVI 4例(3.74%)。结论 宫颈高危型HPV感染与BV感染具有相关性(P0.05),而与其他感染无相关性(P0.05)。子宫切除术前行阴道微生态检测,不仅可明确阴道微生态状况,而且可针对性的进行治疗,从而减少围手术期感染的发生,并为术后生殖道炎症的治疗和随诊提供良好的评判指标。     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与阴道微生态的相关性研究

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)与阴道微生态的相关性。为阴道微生态失衡患者及时纠正阴道菌群的紊乱,避免或减少其感染HPV及宫颈癌的防治提供科学依据。方法选取2015年5月-2016年6月在我院妇科门诊就诊的1 412例患者进行HPV、阴道微生态检测。分析阴道菌群及微生态结果与HPV感染的相关性。结果 1 412例患者中HPV阳性有542例,占38.39%,HPV阴性有870例,占61.61%。分别以革兰阳性大杆菌、革兰阴性短杆菌、革兰阳性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌/链球菌为优势菌及无优势菌的患者,HPV感染率分别为34.45%、49.16%、33.33%、39.28%、38.70%,OR值分别为0.654(0.526~0.815)、1.818(1.426~2.318)、1.426(0.515~1.209)、1.039(0.483~2.236)、1.014(0.601~1.711)。细菌性阴道病(BV)、滴虫性阴道炎(TV)、需氧性阴道炎(AV)、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的HPV感染阳性率分别为27.49%、1.29%、7.38%、12.54%,P值分别为0.000、0.754、0.570、0.318。结论 HPV感染与革兰阴性短杆菌及BV显著相关,革兰阳性大杆菌与HPV的感染呈负相关,菌群紊乱及BV可能增加HPV感染的风险。     

中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染状况调查分析

目的:分析中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染情况,为中老年阴道炎的防治提供依据。方法:对2016年9月～2019年9月来我院就诊的中老年阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行阴道毛滴虫检查,同时通过问卷调查方法收集患者的病历资料,回收有效问卷200份,分析不同年龄、季节、职业、生活习惯、性生活情况患者的阴道毛滴虫感染状况。结果:中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率为10.50%,其中45～50岁年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率最高,占19.15%,71～80岁年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率最低,占2.78%,不同年龄段阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。春季、夏季阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于秋季、冬季(P0.05)。牧民、农民阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于工人和公职人员的感染率(P0.05),牧民、农民阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率无明显差异(P0.05)。经常性清洁外阴的阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著低于非经常性清洁外阴的患者(P0.05)。有性生活阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著高于无性生活患者(P0.05),有性生活应用避孕套的阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率显著低于不应用避孕套患者(P0.05)。结论:中老年阴道炎患者阴道毛滴虫感染率较高,春季、夏季是阴道毛滴虫感染的高峰期,中年患者感染率高于老年患者,农民、牧民、服务人员和非经常性清洁外阴的患者阴道毛滴虫感染率较高,且有性生活没有应用避孕套者感染率更高,应做好以上高危人群的防治工作,以降低阴道毛滴虫的感染率。     

伴高危型HPV感染的LSIL患者HPV清除与 阴道微生态间的关系

目的探讨阴道微生态对伴有高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染的低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)患者HPV清除速度有无影响。方法选取阴道镜下宫颈活检病理诊断为LSIL或CIN1,且均合并HR-HPV感染的患者351例,随访1～2年,观察入组时的阴道微生态状态与随访6个月及12个月时的HPV清除情况。结果对于有随访结果的334例,至随访6个月时,细菌性阴道病(BV)组HPV转阴率为20.29%,低于阴道微生态正常组(32.35%,P0.01),其余外阴阴道假丝酵母菌组、滴虫性阴道炎组及其他微生态失衡组与阴道微生态正常组间比较差异无统计学意义。至随访12个月时,各微生态失衡组与微生态正常组间HPV转阴率差异均无统计学意义。结论 BV感染可能在短期内影响LSIL患者HPV清除速度。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒持续感染患者阴道菌群与 宫颈局部免疫功能改变

目的研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒(hr-HPV)持续感染患者阴道菌群及宫颈免疫功能的变化特点,为宫颈癌的防治提供临床研究资料。方法选择286例连续2年同一型别hr-HPV阳性女性患者为观察组,124例hr-HPV阴性女性患者为对照组,比较两组患者阴道乳杆菌、支原体、衣原体、霉菌检出情况及细菌性阴道病、滴虫感染的差异,并比较两组患者宫颈分泌物物CD~+_4 T、CD~+_8 T细胞检测情况。结果观察组患者中单一型别感染214例(74.83%),2种及2种以上hr-HPV型别复合感染者72例(25.17%)。观察组患者中检出HPV16型165例(45.21%)、HPV18型36例(9.86%)、HPV31型31例(8.49%)、HPV33型22例(6.03%)、HPV51型12例(3.29%)、HPV52型75例(20.54%)、HPV53型15例(4.11%)、HPV58型9例(2.47%)。观察组患者阴道乳杆菌检出率低于对照组,而沙眼衣原体、解脲支原体、细菌性阴道病检出率均高于对照组,差异有统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组患者CD~+_4 T细胞水平(%)及CD~+_4/CD~+_8水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 hr-HPV病毒持续感染患者阴道菌群发生改变,导致宫颈微环境稳态被打破,宫颈局部免疫防御能力降低而成为宫颈癌变的主要促进因素。     

阴道微生态与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈病变的关系研究

目的探讨阴道微生态与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈病变的关系,进而为调节阴道微生态平衡、阻断宫颈病变发生发展提供依据。方法收集2014年2月到2016年2月我院收治的宫颈病变患者88例作为观察组,同期选择无宫颈病变患者88例作为对照组,两组都进行阴道菌群检测,同时进行高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测,分析三者之间的相关性。结果观察组的微生态失调发生率为63.6%,对照组为13.6%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组滴虫感染检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组的乳酸杆菌、念珠菌、线索细胞检出率与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组的HPV阳性率分别为76.1%和26.1%,观察组的HPV阳性率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。Logistic逐步回归法分析显示,HPV感染、乳酸杆菌与微生态失调是导致宫颈病变的主要独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论宫颈病变患者存在明显的阴道微生态失调状况,主要表现为乳酸杆菌检出率降低,伴随有HPV阳性率增加。     

HPV感染患者阴道微生态、Th17/Treg细胞及相关细胞因子表达分析CSCD

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染患者阴道微生态、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞（Treg）及相关细胞因子表达情况,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年6月厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院收治的HPV感染患者108例作为研究组,另选取我院同期健康体检者108例作为对照组。两组受试者均进行HPV筛查、阴道菌群检测以及阴道微生态检测,采用流式细胞仪检测Th17/Treg细胞;采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、 IL-10和IL-17水平;采用Spearman法分析HPV感染患者阴道菌群和Th17/Treg细胞及相关细胞因子的相关性。结果 HPV共检出9种亚型,主要以HPV 16和HPV 18为主。研究组患者阴道乳杆菌阳性率显著低于对照组,衣原体、解脲支原体、滴虫和细菌性阴道病阳性率均显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。研究组患者阴道pH>4.5、阴道菌群密集度Ⅱ～Ⅳ级、阴道菌群多样性Ⅱ～Ⅳ级和微生态失调率均显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。研究组患者Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,阴道中乳杆菌与Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均呈负相关;衣原体、解脲支原体、滴虫和细菌性阴道病与Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。结论 HPV感染患者存在阴道微生态失调,而且Th17/Treg细胞、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均异常升高。     

细菌性阴道感染的鉴别诊断

目的 鉴别诊断细菌性阴道感染,指导临床合理用药.方法 使用需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定试剂盒对妇产科门诊患者1 114例进行鉴别诊断.结果 检出:厌氧菌感染患者399例(占受检人数的35.82％),需氧菌感染患者186例(占受检人数的16.70％),厌氧菌合并需氧菌感染患者74例(占受检人数的6.64％).结论 鉴别诊断细菌性阴道感染,可指导临床合理治疗,提高治愈率.需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定试剂盒反应灵敏、检测快速、结果可靠,适宜在各级医疗机构推广使用.     

1500例女性阴道微生态状况分析

目的女性阴道微生态状况调查与分析。方法采用阴道pH、阴道涂片Gram染色镜检(菌群密集度、菌群多样性、优势菌、真菌孢子、滴虫和炎性反应等)、阴道微生物功能测定,评估1 500例体检者阴道微生态状况。结果微生态正常830例(55.7%),微生态失调者670例(44.6%)。在670例微生态失调患者中,需氧菌阴道炎156例(23.3%),细菌性阴道病265例(39.6%),外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病31例(4.63%),滴虫性阴道炎2例(0.29%),混合感染216例(32.2%)。结论阴道微生态评价有助于筛查无症状阴道微生态失调患者,对指导临床评价感染及预防阴道感染具有重要的临床意义。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.