皮珠蚧亚科—中国新记录属和一新种：同翅目：蚧总科：珠蚧科

本文讨论了中国新记录长珠蚧属Ｎｅｏｇｒｅｅｎｉａ的分类地位,记述了寄生在刺树皮下的１新种－枣树长珠蚧Ｎ．ｚｉｚｙｐｈｉ,ｓｐ．ｎ．,模式标本存放在山西农业大学植物保护系。     

中国黑粉蚧属及其近似属种类记述(半翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)

研究和整理了我国黑粉蚧属Ａｔｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ及其近似属的种类,计有５属１２种,其中包括２新种;鹤虱奥粉蚧Ａｌｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｌｅｐｐｕｌｕｓ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和山西配粉蚧Ａｌｌｏｔｒｉｏｎｙｍｕｓ ｓｈａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,和个中国新纪录种,细长黑粉蚧Ａｔｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｃｒａｃｅｎｓ Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ。模式标本保存在山西农业大学蚧虫研究中心。     

危害玉蜀黍的葵粉蚧属新种记述(同翅目:蚧总科, 粉蚧科)

本文记述葵粉蚧属一新种,取名为耕葵粉蚧。新种的正模和副模标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 该粉蚧发现于七十年代初,对此蚧虫的经济意义有一个初步认识过程。最早只知其寄生在高粱的根部。后来在玉蜀黍的根部,有时也在玉蜀黍近地面的叶鞘内发现寄生着密集的虫体。被寄生的植株,轻者生长发育缓慢,矮小细弱,减少产量;重者难以结实,甚至枯萎而死。该蚧虫或造成局部地区的玉蜀黍农田受害日趋明显,或在其分布区内大发生,此起彼伏,难以掌握,所以旧稿数易。根据这一害虫的发展情况应引起有关部门的关注,尽快进行对该蚧虫的观察研究工作,以便及时采取控制其猖獗的措施,确保粮食丰产。现将新种记述如下。     

皮珠蚧亚科一中国新记录属和一新种（同翅目：蚧总科：珠蚧科）

本文讨论了中国新记录长珠蚊属Ｎｅｏｇｒｅｅｎｉａ的分类地位,记述了寄生在枣树皮下的１新种──枣树长珠蚧Ｎ．ｚｔｚｙｐｈｉ,ｓｐ．ｎ．,模式标本存放在山西农业大学植物保护系。     

云南产栎键蚧属一新种记述(同翅目:蚧总科,链蚧科)

寄生于壳斗科(Fagaceae)植物的蚧虫种类繁多,经初步整理,已达10科64属152种之多,几乎是我国已知蚧虫种类的1/5～1/4,其中栎链蚧属(AsterodiaspisSignoret,1876)是专性寄生类群之一。本属主要分布于东洋区,部分种类零星分布于全北区。本属迄今已知24种,其中我国已记载11种。我们在进行栎类蚧虫区系研究中,又发现该属1新种,现记述于下。异形栎链蚧Asterodiaspis deformis,新种(图Ⅰ,Ⅱ)     

中国拂粉蚧属一新记录种（半翅目，蚧总科，粉蚧科）

热带拂粉蚧Ferrisia malvastra(McDaniel),是一种分布广泛的多食性害虫,可取食30科58种植物,分布29个国家和地区.2014年6月于云南省大理市一未知植物上发现该虫,这是该虫在我国的首次报道.本文重新描述了热带拂粉蚧雌成虫形态特征并附特征图,并介绍其寄主植物、地理分布、生物学及经济意义.     

山西星粉蚧属二新种记述（同翅目：蚧总科：粉蚧科）

本文记述采自中国山西的星粉蚧属２新种,模式标本保存在山西农大蚧虫研究中心。１．无脐星粉蚧Ｈｅｌｉｏｃｏｃｃｕｓａｃｉｒｃｕｌｕｓ,新种（图１）本新种与Ｈ．ＢａｏｔｏｕｉＴａｎｇ,１９８８为本属中无腹脐者。两种的区别在于后种星管腺２种,且多;而新种星管腺１种,且少。正模♀,蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｓｐ．）,山西沁水,１９９５－Ⅶ－２１,武三安采;副模１２♀♀,同正模;５♀♀,青蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｐｉａｃｅａ）,其它同正模２．苜蓿星粉蚧Ｈｅｌｉｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｍｅｄｉｃａｇｉｃｏｌａ,新种（图２）本新种与Ｈ．ｐａｖｌｏｖｓｋｉＢｏｒｃｈｓｅｎｉｕｓｅｔＴｅｒｅｚｎｉｋｏｖａ,１９５９相近,其区别在于新种星管腺少,只在后体部存在,而后种星管腺多,在体背缘成纵列。正模♀,苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓａｔｉｖａ）,山西沁水,１９９５－Ⅶ－２２,武三安采;副模６♀♀,同正模     

安徽泡粉蚧属一新种(同翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)

记述采自安徽黄山的泡粉蚧属一新种,即黄山泡粉蚧Puto huangshanensis sp.nov.,模式标本保存在北京林业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国美盾蚧属一新种(同翅目:蚧总科:盾蚧科)

记述美盾蚧属Formosaspis 1新种：桂林美盾蚧F.guilinensis sp.nov.，模式标本采自广西桂林市七星岩的一种观赏竹(Bambus sp.)的竹杆和分枝上。其鉴别特征是中臀叶发达，突出体末端，两叶间距宽于臀叶基部宽度的1.5倍，其间有2根刚毛；第二对臀叶骨化程度低：第三臀叶可见，末端有齿列。缘管腺2-3个，背管腺特别少且小，腹管腺小而多。二龄若虫中臀叶发达，第二对臀叶顶端双分，第三臀叶缺乏。     

中国北部马头蚧属一新种记述（同翅目：蚧科）

本文描述采自中国北部寄生在针茅属Ｓｔｉｐａｓｐ．植物上的蚧科１新种,即中华马头蚧Ｓｃｙｔｈｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ模式标本保存在山西农业大学蚧虫研究中心。     

一个不合格发表的新种名——福建双翅龙脑香

杨永康等建立并发表的化石新种福建双翅龙脑香(Diptercoarpus fujianensis Y.K.Yang,H.M.Li et J.K.wu sp.nov.fossil plant)未附任何照片或素描图,且无正规的模式标本登记号和确切的存放单位,与国际植物命名法规中有关古植物的重要条款和规则不符.因此,这个新种名属于不合格发表.     

Comparative genomics of Neisseria weaveri clarifies the taxonomy of this species and identifies genetic determinants that may be associated with virulence

A group of bacterial strains formerly known as CDC group M-5 are opportunistic pathogens to humans. In 1993, a name, Neisseria weaveri, was proposed by two independent studies to harbor CDC group M-5 strains, namely N.?weaveri Holmes et?al. 1993 and N.?weaveri Andersen et?al. 1993, with two different 'type' strains. However, no study has been conducted on to the relatedness of the two 'type' strains, although the close relationship of the two taxa has long been accepted unofficially. Formally, the status of the name N.?weaveri Andersen et?al. 1993 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of N.?weaveri Holmes et?al., 1993; but the name of the strain is still validly published. In this study, we attempt to resolve the confusion caused by the apparent duplication of the species N.?weaveri (with different type strains) using whole genome shotgun sequencing. We also sought to gain insight into the genetic characteristics of N.?weaveri by conducting comparative genomics. On the basis of genomic similarities revealed through a comparative genomic study, we propose that N.?weaveri Andersen et?al. 1993 should be re-classified as a later heterotypic synonym of N.?weaveri Holmes et?al., 1993.     

Blastocystis hominis: phylogenetic affinities determined by rRNA sequence comparison

In 1912 Blastocystis hominis was identified as a new species and classified as a yeast (Brumpt 1912). In the early 1920s several groups confirmed its classification as a yeast, specifically a member of the genus Schizosaccharomyces (discussed by Zierdt et al. 1967). Apart from an occasional case report, the classification of B. hominis and its role as a harmless intestinal yeast was not questioned for another 50 years. Then, Zierdt (1967) suggested that it should be classified in the phylum Protozoa, subphylum Sporozoa, and that it should be considered as a potential pathogen. The likely role of B. hominis as a human pathogen has recently become more firmly established (Garcia et al. 1984; Sheehan et al. 1986) and its classification has been changed. Although the classification of B. hominis as a protozoon was assumed widely, classification as a sporozoon was not accepted, and the most recent definitive classification of the Protozoa did not even list B. hominis (Lee et al. 1985). Then, based essentially on a review of the known characteristics of the organism, it was recently reclassified into the subphylum Sarcodina (Zierdt 1988). Clearly, the phylogeny of this emerging human pathogen needs definitive analysis (Mehlhorn 1988).     

我国六种新蚤雄性阉割描记及关于单齿新蚤的商榷(蚤目：多毛蚤科)

在所收藏的蚤类标本中,查出新蚤属6种、亚种2,例雄性阉割畸形,其中阿巴盖新蚤Neopsylla abagaitui 3例,二卤新蚤N,btdentatiformis 9例,类新蚤N.Compar 1例,近代新蚤东方亚种N.Pleskei orientalis 4例,鞍新蚤N.Sellaris 7例,特新蚤指名亚种N.S,specialis 1例。 这些标本获自黑龙江,吉林、内蒙古,宁夏、甘肃、河北和云南。本文对畸形蚤形态进行了描述。分析关于单齿新蚤 Neopsylla monodcntattformis Huang ct Xic,1987的原始描述和形态特征图,认为其鼓名模式可能系二齿新蚤畸形标本,那么其种名将成为国际动物命名法规拒绝的名称。     

Differential responses of growth and nitrogen uptake to organic nitrogen in four gramineous crops

The capability to utilize different forms of nitrogen (N) by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was determined in pot experiments. Seedlings were grown for 21 d without N, or with 500 mg N kg(-1) soil applied as ammonium nitrate, rice bran or a mixture of rice bran and straw. No treatment-dependent changes of root length, surface area, and fractal dimension were observed. Shoot growth and N uptake in maize and pearl millet correlated with the inorganic N (ammonium and nitrate) concentration in the soil, suggesting that these species depend upon inorganic N uptake. On the other hand, shoot growth and N uptake patterns in sorghum and rice indicated that these two species could compensate low inorganic N levels in the organic material treatments by taking up organic N (proteins). Analysis of N uptake rates in solution culture experiments confirmed that sorghum and rice roots have higher capabilities to absorb protein N than maize and pearl millet.     

Comparison of the mating behaviour between two sympatric species,Nezara antennata andN. viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with special reference to sound emission

Mating behaviour and associated songs were compared between 2 sympatric congeneric species,Nezara antennata andN. viridula, between which interspecific mating was known to occur under natural conditions. The fundamental sequence of mating behaviour for these species was the same. Three kinds of songs were recorded from each sex ofN. antennata. ForN. viridula, 4 kinds of male songs and 3 kinds of female songs were recorded. The songs which corresponded with definite behavioural bouts were distinct between these species. Some consideration was made as to why interspecific differences in the songs did not sufficiently engender ethological isolation. In addition, some geographic variations in the songs were shown among Yugoslavian (Čokl et al. 1972), American (Harris et al. 1982) and Japanese populations ofN. viridula. These variations were relatively inconspicuous when compared with the interspecific differences fromN. antennata.     

Pearl mussels (Bivalvia, Margaritiferidae, Dahurinaia) from the Amur River basin

Four species of pearl mussels inhabit the Amur River basin: Dahurinaia prozarovae Bog. et Star. in: Bog et al., 2003; D. dahurica (Midd, 1850); D. ussuriensis Bog., Proz. et Star., 2003; and D. tiunovae Bog. et Star., 1988. The name of Dahurinaia transbaicalica Klishko, 2008 is shown to be a synonym for D. ussuriensis. The finding of D. sujfunensis Moskv., 1973 in the Upper Amur basin turned out to be questionable.     

再论三叶虫Megapalaeolenus Chang,1966属的无效地位

作者2004年根据保存于法国的模式标本和产自我国三峡地区的新材料以及对以往所发现的化石材料的研究,认为Megapalaeolenus Chang,1966一属不能成立,是Palaeolenus Mansuy,1912的晚出异名;其模式种Palaeolenus deprati Mansuy,1912也是Palaeolenus的模式种Palaeolenus douvillei,Mansuy,1912的晚出异名.提出属名Megapalaeolenus Chang和种名Palaeolenusdeprati Mansuy均应废弃的结论.最近,罗惠麟等发表了一系列采自模式标本产地附近的标本,为笔者的上述结论提供了更有力的证据.根据这些新材料,笔者不同意罗惠麟等认为Megapalaeolenus继续有效、Palaeolenusdeprati能够成立的观点.     

On the composition and distribution of the family Acanaloniidae Amyot et Serville (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea)

The composition of the family Acanaloniidae Amyot et Serville, 1843 is revised. According to the synapomorphies in the structure of the male and female genitalia, the family Acanaloniidae s. str. comprises 4 New World genera: Acanalonia Spinola, 1839, Batusa Melichar, 1901, Chlorochara Stål, 1869, and Philatis Stål, 1862. Galapagosana Distant, 1909 and Euthiscia Van Duzee, 1923 are placed in synonymy to Philatis Stål, 1862. The taxonomic position of the genera Aylaella Demir et Ozdikmen, 2009 (replacement name pro Perinetia Lallemand et Synave, 1954), Hemithiscia Schmidt, 1912, Paraphilatis Melichar, 1912, Parathiscia Melichar, 1901, Pseudothiscia Schmidt, 1912, Thinea Melichar, 1912, and Thiscia Stål, 1862 is unclear and needs further study.     

Crepidulospora--nomen novum for the junior generic homonym (preoccupied generic name) Crepidula

Crepidulospora nom. nov. is a replacement generic name for the genus Crepidula Simakova, Pankova et Issi, 2003 based on the type species Crepidula beklemishevi Simakova, Pankova et Issi, 2003 (Microsporida) from Anopheles beklemishevi. The name proposed by Simakova et al., 2003 is a preoccupied name, because it was already used for the gastropode Crepidula Lamarque 1899 (Echinospirida, Calibraeidae), a parasite of Mytilus. A valid name of the type species of the genus is now Crepidulospora beklemishevi (Simakova, Pankova, Issi, 2003) comb. n. Crepidulospora Simakova, Pankova et Issi nom. non. Type species: Crepidula beklemishevi Simakova, Pankova, Issi, 2003. Diagnosis. Sporogony is octosporoblastic. Sporogonal stages are in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm. 8 uninucleate spores, 4.2 x 2.2 mkm, are sandals-like. Polar tube is anisofilar, with 6-7 coils (2 + 4-5). Polaroplast is three-partite, with broad vesicular, vesicular and lamellar compartments. Microsporidia ilnfects larval adipose tissues. Type host: Anopheles beklemishevi (Diptera, Culicidae).