宁夏黄土高原马铃薯连作栽培对土壤可培养细菌遗传多样性的影响

采用平板培养、BOXAIR-PCR和16S rDNA RFLP技术对宁夏黄土高原马铃薯连作栽培土壤可培养细菌遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明,4个连作年限2个生育期8份土样共分离到91株细菌菌株, BOXAIR-PCR分析发现,91株细菌菌株的遗传相似系数为0.531～0.939,相同连作年限不同生育期根际土细菌菌群分布不同,不同连作年限同一生育期根际土细菌菌群的分布也不同,随着连作年限增加,可培养细菌遗传多样性呈现下降趋势;结合16S rDNA 的序列分析,从91株菌株中筛选出的41个代表菌株可分为23个物种,分属于细菌域的12个属,其中,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）占同一连作年限菌株数的53.6%。连作导致土壤细菌菌群结构发生变化,出现各自特有的菌属。系统发育分析表明,23个细菌物种分布于6个系统发育群。     

柏大蚜蜜露中可培养细菌的季节变化动态

为了了解蚜虫蜜露中微生物的种类组成、多样性水平及其季节变化动态，本研究采用传统的微生物分离培养与16S rRNA基因序列相结合的方法进行了柏大蚜Cinara tujafilina (del Guercio)不同季节蜜露样品中可培养细菌的研究。研究结果表明：（1）蜜露中可培养细菌的数量和多样性变化动态与蜜露采集季节密切相关：总体上看，2011年夏秋两季蜜露中细菌数量产生较大的波动，在7月达到最大值，多样性指数为7月> 10月> 8月> 9月；2012年春季蜜露中细菌数量波动较小，整体处于较低水平，6月最低，但多样性指数为6月> 5月> 4月。（2）从所有7个月的的蜜露样品中共分离到25个属的细菌，其中芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、短小杆菌属Curtobacterium和土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium的细菌在不同月份的蜜露样品中都表现出明显的菌落数量优势。就季节分布而言，芽孢杆菌属Bacillus的细菌在蜜露样品中最常出现，其次为短小杆菌属Curtobacterium、不动杆菌属Acinetobacter、鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas和链霉菌属Streptomyces。（3）系统发育分析显示，在所有分离到的菌株中，712%的菌株属于变形菌门Proteobacteria，为优势菌群；其他274%和233%的菌株分别属于厚壁菌门Firmicutes和放线菌门Actinobacteria，仅有1个菌株属于拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes。本研究发现柏大蚜蜜露中存在丰富的细菌种类，我们将进一步深入研究不同蚜虫蜜露中微生物的组成，探讨相关细菌在植物－蚜虫－天敌之间可能发挥的作用。     

两株芽孢杆菌对花生幼苗生长及其根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

【背景】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)和坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)对花生的促生作用及促生机制研究尚未见报道。【目的】从微生物群落结构和土壤氮磷钾有效养分两个方面综合解析两株芽孢杆菌(贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HP9和坚强芽孢杆菌HP10)对花生的促生机制。【方法】以两株芽孢杆菌为研究对象,通过单独灌根或混合灌根盆栽花生,测定其对花生生长及根际土壤氮磷钾有效养分的影响;利用高通量测序技术分析灌根组与对照组花生根际土壤的细菌和真菌群落结构及多样性。【结果】与对照组相比,3个灌根处理组均明显促进了花生幼苗茎部的伸长及鲜重的增加,根际土壤碱解氮含量显著提高,有效磷和速效钾含量有不同程度增加。芽孢杆菌对花生根际土壤的微生物多样性无显著影响,但影响了细菌和真菌的群落结构组成。灌根处理组根际土壤的拟杆菌门及Mortierellomycota等相对丰度显著增加,在属水平上,农杆菌属、节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属、黄杆菌属、Pedobacter、极地单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、鞘脂单胞菌属、寡养单胞菌属等属的相对丰度明显提高,而且无色杆菌属、短波单胞菌属、金黄色杆菌属、苍白杆菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属和鞘氨醇盒菌属等6个细菌属仅见于3个灌根处理组中。主成分分析结果显示,与对照相比,3个灌根处理组之间的根际土壤微生物群落结构具有更高的相似性。【结论】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HP9和坚强芽孢杆菌HP10菌株可以影响根际土壤的微生物群落结构组成,提高根际土壤功能微生物的相对丰度,从而改善土壤肥力,促进花生幼苗生长。     

冷箭竹根际土壤中可培养细菌的多样性

为了解冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)根际土壤中可培养细菌的多样性,2006年5月从四川卧龙自然保护区冷箭竹根际土壤中共分离出50株具不同菌落形态的细菌.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明:50株菌分属于10个属26个种.27株属于变形菌门γ亚群(Gammaproteobaeteria)(42.3%)、9株属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(26.9%)、4株属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(15.4%)、6株属于变形菌门β亚群(Betaproteobacteria)(7.7%)、3株属于变形菌门α亚群(Alphaproteobacteria)(3.9%),1株与土地杆菌属(Pedobacter)关系密切.假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌属.2株菌为可能的新种或属.研究表明冷箭竹根际土壤中含有较为丰富的微生物多样性.     

银北盐渍化土壤中6种耐盐植物根际细菌群落结构及其多样性

土壤微生物对土壤肥力的形成和植物营养的转化起着积极的作用。对盐渍化土壤中植物根际微生物群落组成和多样性进行研究,有助于发现新的重要微生物功能类群或者功能潜力,对于盐碱土壤的植被恢复和生态重建都具有十分重要的意义。通过高通量测序和分离培养方法,对宁夏银北地区盐渍化土壤中的6种耐盐植物根际细菌的群落结构和多样性进行了分析。结果表明:所有土壤样品共检测到31门(亚门) 67纲253科400属细菌类群,不同植物根际微生物群落组成相似,但丰度各有差异,厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为主要优势类群;在纲水平芽孢杆菌纲相对丰度最高,其次为α-变形菌、γ-变形菌和梭菌纲;在属水平上,芽孢杆菌属以极高的丰度(15.57%—53.85%)占据绝对优势,其次是鞘氨醇单胞菌属、不动杆菌属和节杆菌属。6种植物根际细菌的群落结构组成表现为芨芨草和柽柳相似,柳枝稷、苜蓿与枸杞相似,苦豆子则与另外5种差别最大。分离培养出的110株根际细菌多数具有较强的盐碱耐受性和一种以上生物学活性,分别隶属于芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属、节杆菌属和中华根瘤菌属,在属水平上多样性单一,其中芽孢杆菌属是优势属。传统的分离培养和高通量测序结果都反映出银北地区盐渍化土壤中定殖着许多有重要生态功能的微生物类群,可用于进一步筛选和利用根际微生物改良盐碱土壤。     

药用植物刺山柑不同部位细菌群落结构及其多样性

【目的】研究传统药用植物刺山柑（Capparis spinosa L.）不同部位细菌群落结构、物种组成和多样性特征,为药用植物微生物资源的开发及微生物与宿主互作提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以刺山柑地上部植物组织（果实、茎）和地下部土壤（根际土壤、非根际土壤）为研究材料,采用高通量测序技术分析刺山柑不同部位细菌的16S rRNA基因多样性,比较其细菌群落结构和物种组成特征。【结果】刺山柑4种样本共获得的3 649个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit,OTU）,属于34门、88纲、248目、464科和1 051属。土壤样本的细菌多样性大于植物组织,细菌群落多样性以根际土壤、非根际土壤、茎和果实的顺序逐渐降低,果实内生细菌群落多样性始终最低,显著低于根际土壤。不同部位相对丰度较高的细菌门如下：植物组织中以变形菌门为主,根际土壤中为变形菌门和放线菌门,非根际土中为厚壁菌门和放线菌门。无色杆菌属（Achromobacter）、欧文氏菌属（Erwinia）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、微小杆菌属（Exiguobacterium）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）主要存在于刺山柑植物组织中。游动球菌属（Planomicrobium）、库克菌属（Kocuria）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、微枝形杆菌属（Microvirga）和节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）主要分布于土壤中。β多样性分析结果表明,刺山柑植物组织和土壤的细菌群落结构具有显著差异,同类型样本的细菌群落结构相似。【结论】刺山柑土壤样本中细菌群落的多样性和丰富度均高于植物组织,刺山柑不同部位的细菌群落组成不同。本研究对刺山柑不同部位细菌群落结构进行了初步分析,鉴定了各部位细菌群落中的核心菌群,为以后挖掘刺山柑的功能研究和利用提供了准确的微生物信息。     

阿尔山不同时期落叶松根际土壤固氮菌的多样性研究

利用传统的细菌分离培养,结合16S rDNA序列分析等方法,对阿尔山地区不同时期落叶松根际可培养固氮菌群落的多样性进行分析,以揭示落叶松根际固氮菌的多样性及群落结构的季节变化规律,为森林生态系统的可持续发展提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)从阿尔山落叶松根际土壤中共计分离纯化细菌菌株112株,分属于14属41种,包括假单胞菌属、伯克氏菌属、根瘤菌属、叶杆菌属、节杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、沙雷菌属、欧文菌属、短小杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、肠杆菌属、不动杆菌属、柄杆菌属、红球菌属;其中优势菌群为假单胞菌属,次优势菌群为叶杆菌属、伯克氏菌属和节杆菌属。(2)季节变化对落叶松固氮菌群的变化有显著影响,表现为4月份和10月份最优势类群为γ-变形菌纲(γ-proteobacteria)中的假单胞菌属,6月份和8月份的最优势类群相同,但组成有所差别,其中6月份优势菌群包括假单胞菌属、短小杆菌属、红球菌属、节杆菌属,8月份的优势菌群为假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、肠杆菌属、短小杆菌属、红球菌属和节杆菌属。(3)不同时期的物种均匀度指数(McIntosh index)差异显著,8月份最大,4月份最小,变化范围在0.83～1.164之间;物种丰富度指数(Shannon-Wiener index) 6月份和8月份显著高于4月份和10月份;优势度指数(Simpson index) 4月份和10月份显著高于6月份和8月份。研究表明,阿尔山地区落叶松根际微生物的多样性较高,群落相对复杂,分离的14个菌属多为根际促生菌,且不同时期固氮菌的群落组成受季节的影响明显。     

小蓬竹根际土壤微生物及内生真菌多样性分析

为了解喀斯特典型物种-小蓬竹根际土壤微生物及不同部位内生真菌多样性,采用沿等高线等距离取样法采集小蓬竹根际土壤及健康植株,通过可培养对根际土微生物及内生菌进行分离,利用分子技术对其进行鉴定,根据鉴定结果构建系统发育树,并计算小蓬竹根际土壤微生物和根茎叶内生真菌多样性。结果如下：（1）共从根际土壤、根、茎、叶分离得到139个真菌菌株,隶属于27属,其中根际土壤分离得到34个真菌菌株隶属于12属,根部分离得到的63个内生真菌菌株隶属于17个属,茎部分离得到的14个内生真菌菌株隶属于8个属,叶部分离得到28个内生真菌菌株隶属于9个属;（2）根际土壤共分离得到41株细菌菌株,隶属于7个属26个种,20株放线菌菌株,隶属于1属15种;从Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数、Simpson指数排序来看,真菌主要表现为根 > 根际土壤 > 茎 > 叶,细菌和放线菌多样性均较低。（3）按层次聚类分析可分别将真菌、细菌、放线菌聚为3支。小蓬竹根际土壤、根、茎和叶具有丰富的微生物多样性,不同部位菌群组成存在差异性（P<0.05）,且存在以假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属等为优势属的抗盐耐旱菌群,这有助于揭示小蓬竹对喀斯特生境的适应性,以及为微生物-植物群落之间相互关系提供一定基础数据,为后期寻找小蓬竹相关耐性功能菌奠定基础。     

本溪山樱根际与非根际解磷细菌群落结构及动态变化

利用选择性培养基,对不同基质中的本溪山樱(Cerasus sachalinensis) 根际与非根际解磷细菌进行了分离、鉴定和分类,分析了3种不同基质中根际与非根际解磷细菌数量和类群的变化.结果表明,从3种不同配比的基质中分离纯化获得的解磷细菌分别属于13个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和沙雷铁氏菌属(Serratia)为主.其中添加炉渣的基质最适于解磷细菌的生长与繁殖,其种群数量最高,但类群的多样性指数低于另外两种土壤.本溪山樱不同生育期根际与非根际解磷细菌种群数量不同,新梢停长期根际中定殖的解磷细菌种群最多（共分离到6个菌属）,新梢迅速生长期和落叶期较少,萌芽期最少.根际土壤解磷细菌多样性亦随生育期发生变化,新梢迅速生长期最高,落叶期次之,新梢停长期最低.非根际土壤则有随生育期逐渐减小的趋势.解磷细菌的根际效应较明显     

毛竹根际可培养微生物种群多样性分析

[目的]为了了解天然毛竹林根际可培养微生物种群的多样性信息,[方法]采用稀释平板法,对浙江天目山和重庆缙云山天然毛竹林根际细菌和放线菌进行了分离,并对其16S rDNA序列进行了分析.[结果]分别从天目山和缙云山天然毛竹林根际分离得到51株和31株菌落形态差异的细菌和放线菌.16S rDNA序列分析表明,天目山和缙云山毛竹根际细菌主要包括厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,分别为40%和58%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,分别为36.7%和10.52%)、变形菌门-亚群(Alphaproteobacteria,分别为10%和5.26%)和变形菌门 --亚群(Gammaproteobacteria,分别为10%和26.32%),其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)为共同的优势菌属(分别为34.38%和42.11%).分离的菌株中,B188、B171和B152等6株与GenBank中已报道16S rRNA基因序列的相似性从90%到96%不等,可能代表着新属或种.[结论]这表明,天然毛竹林根际具有较为丰富的可培养微生物种群多样性,并存在一些潜在的新的微生物菌种资源.     

Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Bacillus polymyxa in Soil and in the Wheat Rhizosphere

Diversity among 130 strains of Bacillus polymyxa was studied; the bacteria were isolated by immunotrapping from nonrhizosphere soil (32 strains), rhizosphere soil (38 strains), and the rhizoplane (60 strains) of wheat plantlets growing in a growth chamber. The strains were characterized phenotypically by 63 auxanographic (API 50 CHB and API 20B strips) and morphological features, serologically by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and genetically by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles of total DNA in combination with hybridization patterns obtained with an rRNA gene probe. Cluster analysis of phenotypic characters by the unweighted pair group method with averages indicated four groups at a similarity level of 93%. Clustering of B. polymyxa strains from the various fractions showed that the strains isolated from nonrhizosphere soil fell into two groups (I and II), while the third group (III) mainly comprised strains isolated from rhizosphere soil. The last group (IV) included strains isolated exclusively from the rhizoplane. Strains belonging to a particular group exhibited a similarity level of 96%. Serological properties revealed a higher variability among strains isolated from nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soil than among rhizoplane strains. RFLP patterns also revealed a greater genetic diversity among strains isolated from nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soil and therefore could not be clearly grouped. The RFLP patterns of sorbitol-positive strains isolated from the rhizoplane were identical. These results indicate that diversity within populations of B. polymyxa isolated from nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soil is higher than that of B. polymyxa isolated from the rhizoplane. It therefore appears that wheat roots may select a specific subpopulation from the soil B. polymyxa population.     

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Paenibacillus azotofixans strains isolated from the rhizoplane or rhizosphere soil of different grasses

Fifty-three strains identified as Paenibacillus azotofixans were isolated from the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of different grasses and from soil. To study the diversity within this species, four approaches were used: assessment of homology with a nifKDH probe in hybridization experiments; use of a selected 20-mer primer to produce RAPD profiles and of BOX-PCR to generate genomic fingerprintings; and phenotypic tests using the API50CH system. The API tests performed with the 53 P. azotofixans strains showed that all strains produced acid from 15 carbohydrates; using six other carbohydrates (sorbitol, dulcitol, tagatose, starch, glycogen and D -arabitol), the strains could be divided in five groups of related strains. All strains tested showed homology to Klebsiella pneumoniae nifKDH genes, resulting in 14 different hybridization patterns with this probe. Using RAPD-fingerprinting with one appropriate primer, 23 different amplification patterns were observed. The BOX-PCR approach confirmed the grouping suggested by the RAPD fingerprinting. A comparison of the 53 strains by similarity matrix analysis using the data obtained in all approaches resulted in a phenogram, grouping them into five broad groups at 74% similarity and into 27 subgroups at 94% similarity. At 100% similarity, 31 groups of strains could be formed, indicating a high degree of diversity among the strains tested. Overall, the diversity was independent from the origin of strains, since a variety of different groups was isolated from each plant studied. However, some clusters were dominant in wheat and sugarcane samples. The results indicated that the methods used here are sensitive indicators of diversity among the strains studied and can be applied as efficient and reliable means for further ecological and biogeographical studies.     

海州香薷（Elsholtzia splendens）根际铜抗性细菌的筛选及生物多样性

摘要：【目的】重金属耐性植物海州香薷根际铜抗性细菌的筛选及生物多样性研究将有助于了解微生物－超富集植物相互关系和植物修复机理、开发微生物－香薷重金属修复新技术。【方法】采用稀释平板涂布法从海州香薷根际筛选铜抗性菌株,测定菌株溶磷和产生吲哚乙酸、铁载体、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶的特性,采用16S rDNA限制性酶切多态性分析（amplified rDNA restriction analysis, ARDRA）研究铜抗性细菌的遗传多样性,根据16S rDNA相似性对产ACC脱氨酶的菌株进行了     

我国蚕豆根瘤菌的数值分类及其16S rDNA PCR-RFLP研究*

对分离自我国11个省24个地区49株蚕豆根瘤菌及11株参比菌株进行了唯一碳源、氮源、抗生素、耐逆性和酶活性等138个表型性状测定,并用M INTS软件进行聚类分析。结果表明,全部供试菌株在59%的相似水平上聚在一起,在80%的相似水平上可分为6个群。其中群4与参比菌株聚在一起,而其他5个群均由未知菌组成。进一步对36株菌进行了16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析,在85%相似水平上供试菌可分为4个群和1个独立的分支,其聚群结果与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。表型及遗传型分析结果表明,我国蚕豆根瘤菌具有极大的多样性。     

我国蚕豆根瘤菌的数值分类及其16SrDNA PCR-RFLP研究

对分离自我国11个省24个地区49株蚕豆根瘤菌及11株参比菌株进行了唯一碳源、氮源、抗生素、耐逆性和酶活性等138个表型性状测定,并用MINTS软件进行聚类分析。结果表明,全部供试菌株在59％的相似水平上聚在一起,在80％的相似水平上可分为6个群。其中群4与参比菌株聚在一起,而其他5个群均由未知菌组成。进一步对36株菌进行了16S rDNA PCR—RFLP分析,在85％相似水平上供试菌可分为4个群和1个独立的分支,其聚群结果与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。表型及遗传型分析结果表明,我国蚕豆根瘤菌具有极大的多样性。     

Characterization of CMR5c and CMR12a, novel fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from the cocoyam rhizosphere with biocontrol activity

AIM: To screen for novel antagonistic Pseudomonas strains producing both phenazines and biosurfactants that are as effective as Pseudomonas aeruginosa PNA1 in the biocontrol of cocoyam root rot caused by Pythium myriotylum. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: Forty pseudomonads were isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy white and red cocoyam plants appearing in natural, heavily infested fields in Cameroon. In vitro tests demonstrated that Py. myriotylum antagonists could be retrieved from the red cocoyam rhizosphere. Except for one isolate, all antagonistic isolates produced phenazines. Results from whole-cell protein profiling showed that the antagonistic isolates are different from other isolated pseudomonads, while BOX-PCR revealed high genomic similarity among them. 16S rDNA sequencing of two representative strains within this group of antagonists confirmed their relatively low similarity with validly described Pseudomonas species. These antagonists are thus provisionally labelled as unidentified Pseudomonas strains. Among the antagonists, Pseudomonas CMR5c and CMR12a were selected because of their combined production of phenazines and biosurfactants. For strain CMR5c also, production of pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin was demonstrated. Both CMR5c and CMR12a showed excellent in vivo biocontrol activity against Py. myriotylum to a similar level as Ps. aeruginosa PNA1. CONCLUSION: Pseudomonas CMR5c and CMR12a were identified as novel and promising biocontrol agents of Py. myriotylum on cocoyam, producing an arsenal of antagonistic metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Present study reports the identification of two newly isolated fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that can replace the opportunistic human pathogen Ps. aeruginosa PNA1 in the biocontrol of cocoyam root rot and could be taken into account for the suppression of many plant pathogens.     

Diversity of Micromonospora strains isolated from nitrogen fixing nodules and rhizosphere of Pisum sativum analyzed by multilocus sequence analysis

It was recently reported that Micromonospora inhabits the intracellular tissues of nitrogen fixing nodules of the wild legume Lupinus angustifolius. To determine if Micromonospora populations are also present in nitrogen fixing nodules of cultivated legumes such as Pisum sativum, we carried out the isolation of this actinobacterium from P. sativum plants collected in two man-managed fields in the region of Castilla and León (Spain). In this work, we describe the isolation of 93 Micromonospora strains recovered from nitrogen fixing nodules and the rhizosphere of P. sativum. The genomic diversity of the strains was analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Forty-six isolates and 34 reference strains were further analyzed using a multilocus sequence analysis scheme developed to address the phylogeny of the genus Micromonospora and to evaluate the species distribution in the two studied habitats. The MLSA results were evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization to determine their usefulness for the delineation of Micromonospora at the species level. In most cases, DDH values below 70% were obtained with strains that shared a sequence similarity of 98.5% or less. Thus, MLSA studies clearly supported the established taxonomy of the genus Micromonospora and indicated that genomic species could be delineated as groups of strains that share > 98.5% sequence similarity based on the 5 genes selected. The species diversity of the strains isolated from both the rhizosphere and nodules was very high and in many cases the new strains could not be related to any of the currently described species.     

Impact of plant species and site on rhizosphere-associated fungi antagonistic to Verticillium dahliae kleb

Fungi with antagonistic activity toward plant pathogens play an essential role in plant growth and health. To analyze the effects of the plant species and the site on the abundance and composition of fungi with antagonistic activity toward Verticillium dahliae, fungi were isolated from oilseed rape and strawberry rhizosphere and bulk soil from three different locations in Germany over two growing seasons. A total of 4,320 microfungi screened for in vitro antagonism toward Verticillium resulted in 911 active isolates. This high proportion of fungi antagonistic toward the pathogen V. dahliae was found for bulk and rhizosphere soil at all sites. A plant- and site-dependent specificity of the composition of antagonistic morphotypes and their genotypic diversity was found. The strawberry rhizosphere was characterized by preferential occurrence of Penicillium and Paecilomyces isolates and low numbers of morphotypes (n = 31) and species (n = 13), while Monographella isolates were most frequently obtained from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape, for which higher numbers of morphotypes (n = 41) and species (n = 17) were found. Trichoderma strains displayed high diversity in all soils, but a high degree of plant specificity was shown by BOX-PCR fingerprints. The diversity of rhizosphere-associated antagonists was lower than that of antagonists in bulk soil, suggesting that some fungi were specifically enriched in each rhizosphere. A broad spectrum of new Verticillium antagonists was identified, and the implications of the data for biocontrol applications are discussed.     

南京小龙山钾矿区植物根际可培养细菌的遗传多样性分析

摘要:【目的】矿区优势植物可培养细菌生物多样性研究将有助于了解植物根际细菌与矿物,植物根系相互作用及对矿物风化和土壤形成的重要影响。【方法】采用纯培养法分离南京小龙山废钾矿区野生植物野塘蒿,千金子和栽培植物甘薯根内与根周围土壤的可培养细菌, 通过16S rDNA限制性酶切多态性分析(amplified rDNA restriction analysis, ARDRA)和16S rDNA序列分析研究了可培养细菌的多样性。【结果】分离纯化到60株具不同菌落形态的可培养细菌, 在60%相似水平上可分为18个OTU. 19株代表菌株分别属于3个门, 10个科, 11个属。多数菌株属于变形菌门(α-proteobacteria, 4株, 21.1%; β-proteobacteria, 2株, 10.5%; γ-proteobacteria, 6株, 31.6%)。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas), 泛菌属(Pantoea)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)为优势种群。【结论】小龙山废矿区优势植物根围具有丰富的微生物种群多样性。