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海洋生态系统是地球生物圈的重要组成部分。目前,人类活动已经严重破坏了海洋生态系统,导致了海洋生态系统的失衡。赤潮的发生正是这种不平衡的具体体现。文章讨论了人类活动对海洋生态系统的负面影响以及对近海海域赤潮发生的推波助澜作用;主要综述了影响赤潮发生和消亡的生态条件及环境影响因子。最后,强调了学科交叉研究在管理和防范赤潮的发生,维护近海海洋生态系统健康服务功能的必要性,并提出了一些相应的对策和措施。 相似文献
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2004年11月,一个14岁的孩子揪住了所有人的心。他叫梁攀龙,湖南省怀化人。11月11日,他爬进客机起落舱,从昆明飞到了重庆。在1个多小时的飞行中,梁攀龙蜷缩在起落舱中,经历了噪音、寒冷、缺氧的考验,如今依然健康地活着。而和梁攀龙一起爬进起落舱的束清,就没有那么幸运了,飞机起飞时,他被甩了出去。昆明机场的工作人员发现束清的时候,他已经没有了呼吸。 相似文献
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《小哥白尼(野生动物画报)》2011,(5)
哎呀呀,这个世界乱套了!大人变成了小孩,小孩变成了大人。现在,终于轮到各位小酷想家来当家做主了,快来看看他们都有什么出色的表现吧!看到爸妈变成了小孩,我立马学着他们的样子,下达了第一道命令:写作业去!我想他们一定会哭的,因为老师留的作业实在是太多了。新浪YOYO 相似文献
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2008年9月,美国孟山都(Monsanto)公司宣布已经查清了与玉米增收相关的遗传信息,找到了粮食增产的新途径。
孟山都公司从其产量最高的雌株玉米中挑选了1株,绘制出了其遗传基因的蓝图。这次研究对于将来向农户提供优质玉米种子至关重要,它采用了高通量DNA测序法.并利用了最近刚完成的玉米基因组计划所获得的数据。 相似文献
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大气环流特征量的水稻白背飞虱发生程度预报模型的研究 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
根据500hPa大气环流特征量能表征天气形势和控制天气条件的这一特性,利用线性及单调曲线相关与最优化因子相关两种技术对环流特征量因子进行普查、对比分析,发现白背飞虱虫情指标与环流因子之间关系不仅是线性及几种单调曲线的关系,而且还存在非线性、非单调的单峰(谷)型的相关关系,并从中挑选一批与水稻白背飞虱虫情指标相关极其显著、稳定性强、因子间相互独立、可靠的大气环流特征量作为预报因子,在此基础上,建立了江苏省水稻白背飞虱虫情指标预报的环流模型,且还证实了模型中的环流因子与影响白背飞虱迁入、发生发展的气象条件呈显著相关关系,为预报白背飞虱发生程度提供了新的长期因子和新途径。 相似文献
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21世纪害虫管理的一些特征展望 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
分析了近年来国内外IPM研究的进展 ,认为未来的害虫管理是以作物的控害作用为中心 ,以农田生态系统或区域性生态系统为对象 ,以大量信息管理为基础 ,以发展新技术 (转基因作物和昆虫性信息素 )和农民参与为重点 ,以生态调控为手段 ,以持续发展为方向。从而使害虫管理提高到一个新的境界 相似文献
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In the ecological environment, pest infestation seriously affects the ecological balance; therefore, pest control is both necessary and urgent. However, most popular pest detection methods require various handcrafted components, which further limits the improvement of their pest detection performance. This study attempts to overcome this challenge from a new perspective by achieving an end-to-end network that eliminates the introduction of handcrafted components and effectively detects pests by combining residual networks and transformers. First, a squeeze-and-excitation module was introduced to assist the residual network fully extracting pest features. Second, a novel multihead criss cross attention module was designed to fully obtain the mutual relations between object queries with minimal computational cost. Third, data augmentation was incorporated to balance the sample categories. Finally, our model performance was evaluated based on a public pest dataset consisting of 25,378 images and 24 categories, and an average accuracy of 72.5% was achieved. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. In addition to its excellent detection performance, this method demonstrates promising potential as an effective means of detecting other targets with similar characteristics. Therefore, it can be be effectively applied to practice and provide a new pest detection solution. 相似文献
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肉桂双瓣卷蛾Polylopha cassiicola是危害肉桂Cinnamomum cassia和樟树Cinnamomum canphora嫩梢的一种重要钻蛀性害虫,对华南地区肉桂和樟树的发展造成了严重威胁。为了有效地控制该害虫,准确掌握其最适防治时期是非常必要的。2013-2015年采用物候法、期距法和空间分布型分析方法,对肉桂双瓣卷蛾的发生期进行预测和幼虫空间分布型进行了研究。结果表明,肉桂双瓣卷蛾在林间属聚集分布,是害虫本身的生物学特性和樟树林不同样地不同生境共同作用的结果。采用物候法预测樟树林肉桂双瓣卷蛾成虫盛发日,采用期距法预测幼虫发生时间基本吻合,可按照预测的时间进行防治或适当提前进行防治。 相似文献
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Most people agree that arthropod natural enemies are good for insect pest management in agriculture. However, the population suppressive effects of predators, which consume their prey and often leave no direct evidence of their activity, are more difficult to study than the effects of parasitoids, which can be sampled from host populations relatively easily. We critically reviewed field studies which investigated the relationship between lepidopteran pests and their associated predatory fauna, published in 11 leading entomology and applied ecology journals between 2003 and 2008. Each study was appraised to determine whether or not it demonstrated that predators had an impact on prey (pest) populations and, if so, whether it was conducted at an ecological scale relevant to pest management. Less than half (43%) of the 54 field studies adopted methodologies that allowed the impact of predators on target pest populations to be measured. Furthermore, 76% of the studies were conducted at the scale of experimental plots rather than at the ecological scale which determines pest and predator population dynamics or at which pest‐management decisions are made. In almost one‐third of the studies, predator abundance and/or diversity was measured, but this metric was not linked with pest suppression or mortality. We conclude that much current research does not provide evidence that predatory arthropods suppress target lepidopteran pest populations and, consequently, that it has little relevance to pest management. Well‐designed ecological experiments combined with recent advances in molecular techniques to identify predator diets and the emergence of organic agriculture provide both the mechanisms and a platform upon which many predator–prey interactions can be investigated at a scale relevant to pest management. However, benefits will only be reaped from this opportunity if current approaches to research are changed and relevant ecological data are collected at appropriate ecological scales. 相似文献
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Although avian-mediated pest control is a significant ecosystem service with important economic implications, few experimental studies have ever documented its role in Mediterranean agroforests. Specifically, information on pest control by birds is lacking in certain permanent agroecosystems of worldwide importance such as olive groves.Here, we assess experimentally for the first time the effectiveness of insectivorous birds in controlling the two main olive-tree pests. We also explore the effects of distance to semi-natural habitat patches on avian insectivore abundance and pest control. We combined bird and pest surveys with pest damage monitoring and two field experiments (branch exclusion and plasticine models) at a regional scale.The experiments showed that birds played a negligible role as pest controllers (measured in terms of attack rates on plasticine models and controlled pest damage) in the studied olive groves; overall, pests were abundant and pest damage was high on most farms. In addition, surveys showed that insectivorous birds were more abundant and diverse in patches of semi-natural habitat, compared to the matrix of olive groves, and that proximity to semi-natural patches was not a driver of bird-driven pest control.This study experimentally demonstrates that insectivorous birds are not effective pest controllers in olive groves. The absence of patterns linking insectivorous birds’ availability and observed pest control suggests that birds are unable to exert effective control over the main olive-tree pests. This lack of biocontrol by birds is probably due to low accessibility and/or appetence for the current insectivorous groups. Habitat improvement aimed at encouraging some under-represented forager species could improve the likelihood that birds will provide this ecosystem service. 相似文献
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节瓜蓟马空间分布图式研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对节瓜蓟马在节瓜上的空间分布状况进行了调查和分析,结果表明,该虫的空间分布型前期符合奈曼分布,后期符合负二项分布;其空间图式是聚集的,分布的基本成分是个体群;在节瓜不同叶位上分布差异显著。明显向心叶聚集,在瓜栅向光面与背光面虫口比例方面,均以向光面较多。 相似文献
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本文主要针对害虫对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)的抗性机理和防治对策方面进行综述.深入研究昆虫对Bt毒素的抗性机理,将有助于建立虫害综合防治体系,实现无公害Bt农药的广泛及持续利用. 相似文献