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1.
We describe the isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite loci from the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) and also evaluated the cross-amplification of these loci and other ten loci previously developed for the great tinamou (Tinamus major) in other tinamous. Genetic variability was assessed using 24 individuals. Six loci were polymorphic with moderate to high
number of alleles per locus (2–12 alleles) and showed expected heterozygosity (HE) ranging from 0.267 to 0.860. All loci conformed
to the Hardy–Weinberg expectation and linkage disequilibrium was not significant for any pair of loci. This battery of polymorphic
loci showed high paternity exclusion probability (0.986) and low genetic identity probability (4.95 × 10−5), proving to be helpful for parentage tests and population analyses in the red-winged tinamou. The cross-amplification was
moderate where of the 160 locus/taxon combinations, 46 (28.75%) successfully amplified. 相似文献
2.
Tsurng-Juhn Huang Yi-Yen Chen Yen-Ping Li Cheng-Yu Hung Tzen-Yuh Chiang Chang-Hung Chou 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1389-1391
Pedicularis verticillata L. is a highly valuable herb for traditional Chinese medical treatment. In this report, 11 microsatellite loci from P. verticillata were isolated. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened in 23 samples of wild populations of P. verticillata, and eight samples from its sister P. ikomai. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13, and value of expected (H
E) and observed (H
0) heterozygosity was 0.62609–0.89662 and 0–0.95652, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg
expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency, indicating a dramatic loss of genetic polymorphisms in the restrictedly distributed
species. The markers amplified well in the two species are useful for examining genetic diversity and population genetic structure,
which, in turn, can provide information for establishing conservation strategy for these endangered species. 相似文献
3.
Marta Vila Neus Marí-Mena Shen-Horn Yen Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde 《Conservation Genetics》2010,11(3):1151-1154
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Graellsia isabelae. Polymorphism was assessed for 20 individuals from a Spanish population (Els-Ports-de-Beseit, Catalonia) and 39 more individuals
from one population in the French Alps and six other Spanish localities. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from
5 to 24. Els-Ports-de-Beseit showed an average number of alleles per locus of 9.80 (SD = 4.32), observed heterozygosity was
0.71 (SD = 0.226), and expected heterozygosity was 0.788 (SD = 0.146). Genotypic frequencies conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
at the Catalonian population, and no evidence for linkage disequilibrium was observed. Multilocus genotypes resulting from
this set of markers will be useful to determine genetic diversity and differentiation within and among populations of this
highly protected moth. Several loci amplified and resulted polymorphic in two related species: two loci in Actias neidhoeferi, and three loci in A. luna. 相似文献
4.
Microsatellite polymorphism in natural populations of wild emmer wheat,Triticum dicoccoides,in Israel 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Fahima T Röder MS Wendehake K Kirzhner VM Nevo E 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(1):17-29
Diversity in 20 microsatellite loci of wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, was examined in 15 populations (135 genotypes) representing a wide range of ecological conditions of soil, temperature, and
water availability, in Israel and Turkey. An extensive amount of diversity at microsatellite loci was observed despite the
predominantly selfing nature of this plant species. The 20 Gatersleben wheat microsatellites (GWM), representing 13 chromosomes
of genomes A and B of wheat, revealed a total of 364 alleles, with an average of 18 alleles per GWM marker (range: 5–26).
The proportion of polymorphic loci per population averaged 0.90 (range: 0.45– 1.00); genic diversity, He, averaged 0.50 (range 0.094– 0.736); and Shannon’s information index averaged 0.84 (range 0.166–1.307). The coefficients
of genetic distance between populations were high and averaged D=1.862 (range 0.876–3.320), an indication of sharp genetic divergence over short distances. Interpopulation genetic distances
showed no association with geographic distance between the population sites of origin, which ruled out a simple isolation
by distance model. Genetic dissimilarity values between genotypes were used to produce a dendrogram of the relationships among
wild wheat populations by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results showed that all the
wild emmer wheat populations could be distinguished. Microsatellite analysis was found to be highly effective in distinguishing
genotypes of T. dicoccoides, originating from diverse ecogeographical sites in Israel and Turkey, with 88% of the 135 genotypes correctly classified into
sites of origin by discriminant analysis. Our present microsatellite results are non-random and in agreement with the previously
obtained allozyme and RAPD patterns, although the genetic-diversity values obtained with microsatellites are much higher.
Significant correlates of microsatellite markers with various climatic and soil factors suggest that, as in allozymes and
RAPDs, natural selection causes adaptive microsatellite ecogeographical differentiation, not only in coding, but most importantly
in non-coding genomic regions. Hence, the concept of ”junk DNA” needs to be replaced by at least partly regulatory DNA. The
obtained results suggest that microsatellite markers are useful for the estimation of genetic diversity in natural populations
of T. dicoccoides and for the tagging of agronomically important traits derived from wild emmer wheat.
Received: 27 February 2001 / Accepted: 22 March 2001 相似文献
5.
Chi-Chun Huang Kuo-Hsiang Hung Tsai-Wen Hsu Kuo-Hsiung Wang Chi-Yung Lin Tzen-Yuh Chiang 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1333-1335
Fatsia polycarpa Hayata (Araliaceae) is an element of evergreen forests at middle elevations in Taiwan, also representing the southern limitation
in distribution of the genus. In this study, we described the development of 11 microsatellite loci from F. polycarpa in Taiwan for genetic studies. These new markers were tested in 20 individuals of 5 populations of the woody species. The
number of alleles ranged from 9 to 18. The expected (H
E
) and observed (H
O
) heterozygosities were 0.80–0.95 and 0.10–0.75, respectively. Six of the 11 microsatellite loci are significantly deviated
from Hardy–Weinberg expectations likely due to the population structure within samples. No linkage disequilibrium were observed
from pairwise comparisons of loci.
Chi-Chun Huang, Kuo-Hsiang Hung, and Tsai-Wen Hsu contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
6.
A. A. Echelle J. C. Hackler J. B. Lack S. R. Ballard J. Roman S. F. Fox D. M. LeslieJr. R. A. Van Den Bussche 《Conservation Genetics》2010,11(4):1375-1387
A previous mtDNA study indicated that female-mediated gene flow was extremely rare among alligator snapping turtle populations
in different drainages of the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we used variation at seven microsatellite DNA loci to assess
the possibility of male-mediated gene flow, we augmented the mtDNA survey with additional sampling of the large Mississippi
River System, and we evaluated the hypothesis that the consistently low within-population mtDNA diversity reflects past population
bottlenecks. The results show that dispersal between drainages of the Gulf of Mexico is rare (F
STmsat
= 0.43, ΦSTmtDNA = 0.98). Past range-wide bottlenecks are indicated by several genetic signals, including low diversity for microsatellites
(1.1–3.9 alleles/locus; H
e = 0.06–0.53) and mtDNA (h = 0.00 for most drainages; π = 0.000–0.001). Microsatellite data reinforce the conclusion from mtDNA that the Suwannee River population might eventually
be recognized as a distinct taxonomic unit. It was the only population showing fixation or near fixation for otherwise rare
microsatellite alleles. Six evolutionarily significant units are recommended on the basis of reciprocal mtDNA monophyly and
high levels of microsatellite DNA divergence. 相似文献
7.
Eight microsatellite loci of Calystegia soldanella useful for comparisons of the genetic structure of isolated populations in the ancient Lake Biwa and coastal populations
in Japan were isolated and characterised. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 5. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.097–0.583 and 0.000–0.380, respectively, from 100 individuals from Lake Biwa and coastal populations.
Seven of the eight loci exhibited significantly fewer heterozygotes than expected based on the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
(P < 0.05). These primers amplifying microsatellites in C. soldanella may provide a population genetics tool useful in the establishment of a conservation strategy. 相似文献
8.
Soon-Jae Kwon Gi-An Lee Sok-Young Lee Yong-Jin Park Jae-Gyun Gwag Tae-San Kim Kyung-Ho Ma 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(5):1557-1560
The present study reports isolation and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed from Lycium chinense Mill. These markers produced a total of 86 alleles across 30 L. chinense accessions, with an average of 4.1 alleles per locus. Values for observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content
ranged from 0.03 to 0.81 (mean = 0.35) and from 0.03 to 0.78 (mean = 0.31), respectively. At the significance threshold (P < 0.05), 12 loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, whereas significant linkage disequilibrium values were observed between
52 pairs of loci. All loci were successfully amplified for all L. barbarum accessions. These newly developed polymorphic microsatellite markers will be very useful for programming in the genetic conservation
and classification of L. chinense and L. barbarum. 相似文献
9.
Garrulax morrisonianus, an endemic avian species of Taiwan, inhabits evergreen forests at high elevations of 2,000–3,952 m. In this study, we developed
15 microsatellite primer pairs for genetic study. These markers were screened for 52 samples collected from wild populations
of different geographical regions. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.430–0.725 and 0.000–0.500, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium due to the heterozygote deficiency.
The authors Tzen-Yuh Chiang, Sao-Cheng Lao, Ya-Fu Lee contributed to the study equally. 相似文献
10.
We isolated and characterized seven microsatellite loci for the perennial herb Ixeridium dentatum ssp. dentatum, an apomictic triploid distributed throughout the lowland areas of East Asia. The number of alleles ranged from two to seven
in 32 screened individuals of I. dentatum ssp. dentatum from Japan. The observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.000–0.950 and 0.000–0.891, respectively, calculated using genotypes
of 20 individuals of I. dentatum ssp. nipponicum. One locus (msid4) deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.0001). These microsatellites were also tested for cross-amplification in 11 other taxa of Lactuceae, including five endangered
taxa. These primers should be useful genetic tools not only for Ixeridium but also for other Lactuceae taxa. 相似文献
11.
The Brown Eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is an endangered species endemic to China. Here we developed eight microsatellite loci using a modified biotin-capture method.
In the analyses of 28 individuals sampled, the number of alleles per locus ranged from four to nine. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.466–0.825 and 0.619–0.847, respectively. Results that eight microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic
indicated that these markers are sufficiently powerful to address such questions as genetic diversity and population genetic
structure of C. mantchuricum. 相似文献
12.
The blue mussel Mytilus trossulus occurs in the Pacific and in the North Atlantic. We developed and characterized six microsatellite loci for Baltic M. trossulus. Seventeen microsatellite loci were screened, of which six were polymorphic. The number of alleles among 50 individuals ranged
from 3 to 13 and the observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.09–0.46 and 0.34–0.86, respectively. The loci were also tested
for cross amplification in M. edulis, in which four of the six microsatellite loci were successfully amplified. 相似文献
13.
Enrique Blanco Gonzalez Tomoya Murakami Yuki Teshima Kouji Yoshioka Dal-Sang Jeong Tetsuya Umino 《Ichthyological Research》2009,56(1):87-91
We developed four microsatellite DNA loci to test for multiple paternity of black rockfish, Sebastes inermis, from the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. All loci showed a high degree of polymorphism (number of alleles per locus = 10–14, expected
heterozygosity = 0.80) and discriminating power (probability of identity index = 3.71 × 10−6, exclusion probability = 0.999) in unrelated wild specimens (n = 32). Genotypic assignment of five dams (109–220 mm in total length) and 50 embryos from each dam (n = 50) indicated that four dams were mated with a single sire. Only for one dam and three of her embryos we could not exclude
multiple paternity. 相似文献
14.
We report on the isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite markers in the takin (Budorcas taxicolor) from genomic DNA-enriched libraries. Twenty-eight microsatellites were screened from the libraries, and nine of the screened
microsatellites were polymorphic. The number of observed alleles for each locus in 28 individuals ranged from two to seven,
and the expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.105–0.758 and 0.071–0.821, respectively. Four loci (TK01, TK02, TK04 and
TK08) of nine deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectation and no significant linkage association was found among all these loci.
These microsatellite markers provide useful tool for population genetic studies of the takin. 相似文献
15.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from a potential biofuel plant Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kuo-Hsiang Hung Tzen-Yuh Chiang Chi-Te Chiu Tsai-Wen Hsu Chuan-Wen Ho 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(5):1377-1380
Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) is typical of many dominant grasses of East Asia. Due to its characteristics of fast growth and high biomass, Miscanthus, a C4 plant, has been long explored for the potential usage as biofuel. In this study, we described the development of nine
microsatellite loci from M. sinensis for genetic studies. These new markers were tested in 25 individuals of five populations in three varieties. The number of
alleles ranged from 3 to 8. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.37–0.78 and 0.05–0.52, respectively. All microsatellite loci are significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg
expectations likely due to the population structure within samples. Linkage disequilibrium between four loci pairs were observed
from the total 36 pairwise comparisons of loci. Cross-species transferability revealed that all loci can be applied to its
closely related species, M. floridulus. 相似文献
16.
Genetic diversity is often considered important for species that inhabit highly disturbed environments to allow for adaptation.
Many variables affect levels of genetic variation; however, the two most influential variables are population size and type
of reproduction. When analyzed separately, both small population size and asexual reproduction can lead to reductions in genetic
variation, although the exact nature of which can be contrasting. Genetic variables such as allelic richness, heterozygosity,
inbreeding coefficient, and population differentiation have opposite predictions depending upon the trait (rarity or clonality)
examined. The goal of this study was to quantify genetic variation and population differentiation in a species that resides
in a highly stochastic environment and is both rare and highly clonal, Spiraea virginiana, and to determine if one trait is more influential genetically than the other. From populations sampled throughout the natural
range of S. virginiana, we used microsatellite loci to estimate overall genetic variation. We also calculated clonal structure within populations,
which included genotypic richness, evenness, and diversity. Gene flow was investigated by quantifying the relationship between
genetic and geographic distances, and population differentiation (θ) among populations. Observed heterozygosity, genotypic richness, and inbreeding coefficients were found to be representative
of high clonal reproduction (averaging 0.505, 0.1, and –0.356, respectively) and the number of alleles within populations
was low (range = 2.0–3.6), being more indicative of rarity. Population differentiation (θ) among populations was high (average = 0.302) and there was no relationship between genetic and geographic distances. By
examining a species that exhibits two traits that both can lead to reduced genetic variation, we may find an enhanced urgency
for conservation. Accurate demographic counts of clonal species are rarely, if ever, possible and genetic exploration for
every species is not feasible. Therefore, the conclusions in this study can be potentially extrapolated to other riparian,
clonal shrubs that share similar biology as S. virginiana. 相似文献
17.
We performed an analysis of allozyme variation in brown trout from Vorobiev creek. Seventeen allozyme loci encoding glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G3PDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide
dismutase (SOD), and esterase D (EST-D) were studied. We found statistically significant differences in allele frequencies
for the AAT-1,2*, G3PDH-2,3*, LDH-5*, and MDH-2* loci between brown trout samples collected in 1981–1982 and/or 1992–1995.
We suggest that temporal changes of allele frequencies in brown trout from Vorobiev Creek are associated with gene drift. 相似文献
18.
Cristaria plicata was an important freshwater mussel for pearl culture in China. 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized
using (CA)15-enriched genomic library of C. plicata. These loci showed high levels of genetic polymorphism testing on 60 individuals sampled from Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province,
China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 18. The expected (H
E) and observed heterozygosities (H
O) were 0.7232–0.8961 and 0.0000–1.0000, respectively. Four microsatellite loci were significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg
equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium was found. These microsatellite loci will be useful for assessment of genetic diversity
and population structure in C. plicata. 相似文献
19.
Warangkana Prakoon Suriyan Tunkijjanukij Thuy T. T. Nguyen Uthairat Na-Nakorn 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2010,12(5):506-515
The culture of green mussel (Perna viridis) in the Gulf of Thailand depends on natural spat which are believed to come from spawning grounds adjacent to major river
mouths. In the present paper, genetic diversity of spatial and temporal populations of green mussel in the Gulf of Thailand
was investigated using five microsatellite loci. The results showed moderate genetic variation of all 11 populations (averaged
number of alleles per locus, A = 10.4–12.2; effective number of alleles per locus, A
e = 5.36–6.59; mean allelic richness, A
r = 10.23–12.06; observed heterozygosity, H
o = 0.52–0.63, and expected heterozygosity, H
e = 0.66–0.73) without significant differences among populations. No sign of bottleneck or genetic disequilibrium was observed.
Genetic differentiation among spatial populations was low (F
ST = 0.0046, CI0.95 = 0.0020–0.0083 for the samples collected in January, 2007, and F
ST = 0.0088, CI0.95 = 0.0010–0.0162 for the samples collected in July, 2007) while temporal variation was significant as revealed by the analysis
of molecular variance. Multidimensional scaling separated temporal population groups with minor exception. The assignment
test revealed that most of the recruits were from other populations. 相似文献
20.
Carol K. L. Yeung Yu-Cheng Hsu Cheng-Te Yao Shou-Hsien Li 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(4):1081-1084
We isolated 23 polymorphic microsatellite loci of tetranucleotide, dinucleotide or compound repeat motif in the black-faced
spoonbill (Platalea minor). In a panel of up to 20 individuals, number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 19 (mean = 8) and heterozygosity from
0.278 to 0.950 (mean = 0.606). Allele frequencies of five loci deviated from that expected under Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium,
and one of them was likely Z-linked. Excluding these loci, the remaining 18 loci should provide a sufficient set of molecular
markers for use in ecological and conservation genetic investigation of this globally endangered wader species, and cross-species
amplification test suggests that they are potentially useful in other Ciconiiformes waterbirds. 相似文献