血清蛋白与阳离子多糖的质量比对RNAi效率的调控作用研究

阳离子多糖可以通过静电相互作用与核酸分子相结合,并具有水溶性好和易被生物体降解的优点,是具有潜在临床应用价值的核酸载体.但是,在血清存在的环境中,阳离子多糖与si RNA形成的复合物会吸附血清蛋白,这是影响RNA干扰效率的主要原因之一.本文以精胺化普鲁兰多糖(Ps)作为阳离子多糖的模型材料,通过凝胶电泳、等温滴定量热、动态光散射和流式细胞分析方法研究了血清蛋白(Pr)与Ps的质量比(Pr/Ps)对Ps/si RNA复合物的颗粒尺寸及RNA干扰效率的影响.结果显示,Pr/Ps对复合物的颗粒尺寸及其进入细胞的能力均起着重要的调节作用,由此而影响RNA干扰的效率.     

RNA干扰的机制及其应用

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是真核生物中高度保守的,由小分子干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,si RNA)介导的转录后基因沉默现象,在基因功能的研究中得到了非常广泛的应用,并有望成为小核酸药物在疾病治疗中发挥重要作用。现对近年来RNAi的作用机制、si RNA的产生途径、引起RNAi副作用的原因以及RNAi表达载体的设计这四个方面的国内外研究进展进行了总结,对RNAi与CRISPR技术在应用中的关系进行了探讨,展望了RNAi技术未来的发展。     

Caveolin-1 siRNA对与乳腺癌细胞共培养的成纤维细胞自噬体表达影响的研究

为了探索乳腺癌相关的人成纤维细胞中窖蛋白-1(Caveolin-1,Cav-1)与自噬体的相关性及其对乳腺癌细胞的作用,该研究采用si RNA技术干扰成纤维细胞株ESF表达Cav-1,q RTPCR和Western blot确定si RNA干扰Cav-1表达的效果;Transwell insert方法共培养乳腺癌细胞株BT474和ESF细胞,单丹磺酰戊二胺(monodansylcadaverin,MDC)染色、激光共聚焦显微镜观察Cav-1 si RNA对自噬体表达的影响;q RT-PCR和Western blot检测Cav-1 si RNA对微管相关蛋白1轻链3II(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II,LC3II)表达的影响;CCK-8方法检测BT474细胞的增殖和活力。结果显示,靶向Cav-1的si RNA下调了ESF细胞中Cav-1的表达;Cav-1 si RNA促进ESF细胞自噬体和LC3II的表达,转染了Cav-1 si RNA的ESF细胞与BT474细胞共培养对自噬体和LC3II的作用更为显著;BT474细胞在ESFsi Cav-1(ESF cells transfected with Cav-1 si RNA)细胞共培养条件下增殖显著加快。研究表明,Cav-1 si RNA促进了与乳腺癌细胞共培养的成纤维细胞自噬体和LC3II的表达,同时加快了与成纤维细胞共培养的乳腺癌细胞的增殖。     

以两亲性细胞膜穿透肽为基础的siRNA递送策略

小干扰RNA(si RNA)的发展给针对病理障碍特异性基因的靶向治疗带来了巨大的希望。然而,细胞膜对带负电荷分子的低渗透性,细胞对si RNA的摄取能力差,成为了si RNA临床应用的主要障碍。虽然学者们提出了一系列si RNA递送的方法,但是截止到目前,仍没有递送si RNA的通用方法。细胞膜穿透肽(cell-penetrating peptides,CPPs)的发现为si RNA非侵袭性的进入细胞提供了一种非常有前景的运载工具,已被成功地应用于治疗性si RNA分子的体内和体外实验的递送。最近,一种新的以两亲性CPPs为基础的si RNA递送系统-CADY(a secondary amphipathic peptide,Ac-GLWRALWRLLRSLWRLLWRA-cysteamide)受到了高度关注,它能与si RNA形成稳定的非共价复合物,并在原代和悬浮细胞系中高效地递送si RNA,具有极高的应用前景。     

RNAi在抗蚊媒病毒感染中的研究进展

蚊媒病因具有较高的发病率和传播率使其成为全球关注的重要公共卫生问题。蚊虫作为蚊媒病的传播媒介,研究其与蚊媒病毒两者之间的相互作用机制将有助于蚊媒病的防控。蚊虫抵御蚊媒病毒的先天免疫降低和病毒成功逃避蚊虫免疫屏障为病毒在蚊虫体内的持续感染和蚊媒病的暴发流行造成了潜在风险。RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)途径作为蚊虫体内强大的抗病毒防御屏障,通过产生多种小RNA降解病毒RNA,从而达到抑制病毒复制和传播的目的。本文对小干扰RNA (small interfering RNA, si RNA)、微小RNA (micro RNA,mi RNA)、Piwi蛋白相作用RNA (Piwi-interacting RNA, pi RNA)等3种小分子RNA在蚊虫体内发挥抗蚊媒病毒感染的先天免疫机制的相关研究进行了综述,以期为蚊媒病的防控提供理论参考。     

基于RNA干扰CMTM7 对肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨基于RNA干扰CMTM7对肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选择肺腺癌A549细胞株分为si RNA组、阴性对照组与空白对照组,在对数生长的A549细胞中转染RNA干扰CMTM7载体、脂质体空载体和不进行转染,观察A549细胞的生长、凋亡与细胞周期状况。结果:MTT实验显示si RNA转染组的抑制率明显高于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P0.05),阴性对照组与空白对照组的对比无明显差异(P0.05)。流式细胞术实验表明si RNA转染组的细胞凋亡率明显高于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P0.05),阴性对照组与空白对照组的对比无明显差异(P0.05)。流式细胞术实验表明si RNA转染组的G0/G1期细胞数目较阴性对照组和空白对照组增多明显(P0.05),同时si RNA转染组的S、G2/M期细胞数目较阴性对照组和空白对照组明显减少(P0.05),阴性对照组和空白对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RNA干扰CMTM7能够促进肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,其作用机制可能通过干扰细胞周期而实现。     

利用小干扰RNA沉默长非编码RNA ZFAS1能够促进安罗替尼对非小细胞肺癌的抗肿瘤活性

目的:利用小干扰RNA(si RNA)下调长非编码RNA(lnc RNAs)ZFAS1,探索靶向ZPAS1的安罗替尼(anlotinib)增敏治疗策略。方法:在非小细胞肺癌细胞A549中转染对照si RNA或ZFAS1的小干扰RNA(si ZFAS1)后,将细胞注射入裸鼠皮下形成裸鼠皮下肿瘤,对动物口服灌胃给予安罗替尼,确定下调ZFAS1的小干扰RNA对安罗替尼抑制A549细胞皮下肿瘤的影响。进一步将A549细胞通过肝门静脉注射进入裸鼠肝脏,确定下调ZFAS1的小干扰RNA对安罗替尼抑制A549细胞在裸鼠肝脏原位形成肿瘤的影响。收集细胞样品,检测si ZFAS1对N-钙黏蛋白、E-钙黏蛋白及波形蛋白等NOTCH下游上皮-间质转化相关指示分子表达的影响。结果:在A549细胞中转染ZFAS-1的小干扰RNA能够抑制A549细胞的上皮间质转化作用,促进高安罗替尼对A549细胞的杀伤作用。结论:ZFAS1是非小细胞肺癌分子靶向治疗的潜在干预靶标,利用小干扰RNA能够促进安罗替尼对A549细胞的杀伤作用。     

沉默BCAT1对肺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响

目的:研究BCAT1在肺癌细胞A549的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力中的作用。方法:通过小干扰RNA(si RNA)沉默A549细胞中BCAT1的表达,细胞分为对照组(Con)、BCAT1基因沉默组(si RNA-BCAT1)和si RNA阴性对照组(si RNA-NC)。利用Western blot检测si RNA对BCAT1的沉默效果;划痕愈合实验检测沉默BCAT1后A549细胞迁移能力的改变;Transwell小室侵袭实验检测沉默BCAT1后A549细胞侵袭能力的变化;MTT实验检测沉默BCAT1对A549细胞增殖能力的影响。结果:与Con组相比,si RNA-BCAT1组的BCAT1蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),细胞划痕愈合率明显降低(P0.05),能够穿膜的细胞数明显减少(P0.05),而Con组和si RNA-BCAT1组细胞的增殖能力比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:沉默BCAT1抑制A549细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,而对其增殖能力无影响。     

pRNA介导的RNA干扰抑制HBV表达和复制的研究

为了研究由pRNA携带的siRNA(HBVsi18-42)所介导的RNAi过程能有效地抑制HBV的基因表达和病毒复制,我们利用细胞模型和高压注射小鼠模型评价HBVsi18-42对HBV复制和基因表达的抑制作用。通过Western印迹检测细胞内的HBsAg含量,用ELISA检测细胞培养上清和小鼠血清中的HBsAg水平,采用Southern印迹检测HBV的复制中间体,通过免疫组织化学检测肝组织切片中HBcAg的表达情况。试验结果显示,HBVsi18-42能以剂量依赖的方式在293T细胞中抑制HBsAg的表达以及在HepG2细胞中下调病毒HBsAg和HBeAg的表达和病毒复制中间体的水平。在小鼠模型中,注射后的3d内HBVsi18-42使小鼠血清中HBsAg的水平分别下降了98.98%、77.07%和60.73%,免疫组织化学检测显示,在注射后的第3天小鼠肝组织内HBcAg阳性细胞数减少了79.1%。初步结果显示HBVsi18-42无论是在细胞或是在小鼠模型中都能下调HBV的复制和基因的表达。本研究为我们下一步实现由pRNA介导的靶向RNAi及基因治疗提供了理论和技术支持。     

Interferon-α Silencing by Small Interference RNA Increases Adenovirus Transduction and Transgene Expression in Huh7 Cells

Adenoviruses are the most common vectors used in clinical trials of gene therapy. In 2017, 21.2% of clinical trials used rAds as vectors. Systemic administration of rAds results in high tropism in the liver. Interferon types α and β are the major antiviral cytokines which orchestrate the host’s immune response against rAd, limiting therapeutic gene expression and preventing subsequent vector administration. siRNA is small double-strand RNAs that temporally inhibit the expression of a specific gene. The aim is to evaluate the effect of IFN-α blocking by a specific siRNA on Ad-GFP transduction and on transgene expression in Huh7 cells in culture. Huh7 cells were cultured in DMEM and transfected with 70 nM of siRNA-IFN-α. Six hours later, the cells were exposed to 1 × 10⁹ vp/ml of rAd-GFP for 24 h. Expression of IFN-α, TNF-α and the PKR gene was determined by RT-qPCR. Percentage of transduction was analyzed by flow cytometry and by qPCR. GFP expression was determined by western blot. 70 nM of siRNA-IFN-α inhibited 96% of IFN-α and 65% of TNF-α gene expression compared to an irrelevant siRNA. Percentage of transduction and transgene expression increased in these cells compared to an irrelevant siRNA. Inhibition of IFN-α expression by siRNA-IFN-α enabled a higher level of transduction and transgene expression GFP, highlighting the role of IFN-α in the elimination of adenovirus in transduced cells and thus suggesting that its inhibition could be an important strategy for gene therapy in clinical trials using adenovirus as a vector directed to liver diseases.     

Inhibiting gene expression in vivo by virus-mediated small interfering RNA

Inhibiting gene expression in specific tissues and organs through intravenous injection would be the ultimately preferred method of disease therapy. Here, we report the successful delivery of lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress GFP gene expression in living mice. First, a lentiviral vector with siRNA (len-siRNA) driven by H1 promoter was constructed to effectively suppress GFP expression in Mel cells. When the len-siRNA virus was injected into transgenic mice, the GFP expression was significantly suppressed (over 15% reduction) in the recipient mice compared to the control mice and the suppressing effect lasted more than 1 week after injection. Our results demonstrate a new effective approach to inhibit gene expression by siRNA and lentiviral vectors. Further development of this drug for suppression of gene expression siRNA should result in applications not only for cancers but also for infectious and immune diseases. Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2008, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 990–996. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

应用RNA干扰技术调节大鼠c-jun基因的表达

目的:应用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术调节大鼠c-jun基因在Cos-7细胞中的表达.方法:分别构建大鼠c-jun基因的RNA干扰载体和真核表达GFP(绿色荧光蛋白)载体,将两者共转染Cos-7细胞,镜下观察大鼠C-Jun-GFP融合蛋白的表达,应用Western blot方法检测抑制效率.结果:酶切和测序结果表明,大鼠c-jun基因的RNA干扰载体和真核表达GFP载体构建成功,镜下及Western blot共转染结果均显示随着RNA干扰载体浓度的增加C-Jun-GFP融合蛋白表达量逐渐减少.结论:在Cos-7细胞中应用RNAi技术成功调节大鼠c-jun基因的表达.     

利用RNA干扰抑制细丝蛋白A基因的表达

目的：构建细丝蛋白A（FLNa）基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）表达载体,并观察其对FLNa基因表达的抑制作用。方法：利用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术设计并合成1条针对FLNa的siRNA,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体pSilencer4．1-CMV-hygro中;将重组质粒pSilencer-FLNa、pSilencer-negative（阴性对照）转染293T人胚肾细胞,通过Western印迹检测FLNa的表达;通过潮霉素筛选建立干扰FLNa表达的前列腺癌细胞。结果：PCR鉴定证明构建了FLNa基因RNAi载体;Western印迹表明构建的FLNa基因干扰载体能够有效地抑制FLNa基因的表达;建立了稳定干扰FLNa表达的前列腺癌C4-2细胞。结论：构建了FLNa基因RNAi载体,该载体能够有效地抑制FLNa基因的表达。     

Improved silencing vector co-expressing GFP and small hairpin RNA

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool for the specific silencing of gene expression. We developed an improved vector, pG-SUPER, that co-expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) and small hairpin RNA simultaneously to facilitate analysis of silencing at the level of individual cells. As a test system, we analyzed lamin A/C knockdown in HeLa cells. The GFP signal was a reliable reporter (93%-98%) of strong knockdown (approximately 90%) over a wide range of GFP intensities. The GFP reporter made possible the application of fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) to purify the knockdown cell population. Such populations facilitated Western blotting analysis to determine depletion of the target protein. pG-SUPER was also applied to evaluate gene replacement by exogenous genes rendered refractory to siRNA by introducing silent mutations. Recovery of lamin A was linearly correlated to the expression level of the rescue gene. pG-SUPER will expand plasmid-based siRNA applications through the easy and reliable detection of knockdown and rescued cells.     

利用RNA干扰抑制具有多种剪接形式的RNA结合蛋白基因的表达

目的:构建具有多种剪接形式的RNA结合蛋白(RBPMS)基因siRNA的真核表达载体,观察其对RBPMS表达的影响。方法:利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,设计并合成了2条针对RBPMS基因的siRNA,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体pSliencer2.1-U6neo上。将重组质粒和带FLAG标签的RBPMS共转染293T人胚肾细胞,通过Western印迹检验RNAi效应。结果:测序证明成功构建了RBPMSsiRNA真核表达载体;Western印迹表明构建的siRNA能有效地抑制RBPMS基因的表达。结论:构建了RBPMSsiRNA的真核表达载体,该siRNA能有效地抑制RBPMS基因的表达。     

Hepatocyte-specific gene expression from integrated lentiviral vectors

BACKGROUND: For many applications, efficient gene therapy will require long-term, organ-specific therapeutic gene expression. Lentiviral vectors based on HIV-1 are promising gene delivery vehicles due to their ability to integrate transgenes into non-dividing cells. Many experimental vectors express transgenes under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early gene promoter. Although this promoter directs strong gene expression in vitro, it may be shut off rapidly in vivo. This study explores the potential of HIV-1-based vectors to transduce hepatocytes and compares gene expression from different promoters in integrated vectors. METHODS: HIV-1-based vector plasmids expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the CMV promoter, the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene promoter or promoters derived from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome were used to compare expression in transfected and transduced cell lines. RESULTS: Hepatocyte cell lines differed strikingly in their transfectability. Transduction with replication-deficient HIV-1-based vector particles incorporating the different promoter elements was uniformly effective in hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte lines. However, in hepatocytes, only the CMV, alpha-1 antitrypsin and HBV core but not HBV surface promoters were able to produce GFP expression. Addition of the HBV enhancer 2 element improved the transducing ability of the HBV surface promoter and suppressed expression in non-hepatocytes increasing specificity for hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated lentiviral vectors can be used to direct transgene expression in liver cells both promiscuously and specifically. Promoters derived from the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene or HBV are alternatives to the CMV promoter. Inclusion of the HBV enhancer 2 permits strong liver-specific gene expression in vitro.     

小环载体介导的siRNA 稳定抑制乙肝病毒的复制和表达

【目的】尝试构建表达小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)的小环载体,并初步鉴定其对乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)复制及其基因表达的抑制作用。【方法】设计并合成靶向HBV S区的siRNA,将其克隆到小环载体pMC.BESPX-MCS2上,测序正确后将重组体pMC-H1-siHBS-U6转化入感受态E.coliZYCY10P3S2T,然后在培养基中加入L-阿拉伯糖,诱导其降解细菌骨架,获取只含有目的基因表达盒的小环RNA干扰载体pmc-H1-siHBS-U6。将小环RNA干扰载体与HBV真核表达质粒pHBV1.3共转染Huh-7细胞,分别在转染后1-7天,ELISA法检测Huh-7细胞上清中的HBsAg、HBeAg,并且通过Real-time RT-PCR法分析干扰RNA对HBV DNA及mRNA的抑制效果。【结果】成功构建了靶向HBV S基因的siRNA小环表达载体pmc-H1-siHBS-U6。该载体能显著抑制Huh-7细胞HBsAg和HBeAg分泌,并且其抑制效果能够维持2-3周时间。Real-time PCR证实HBV的DNA与mRNA水平分别降低了71%和80%,而对照siRNA及空载体则无此作用。【结论】成功构建了靶向HBV的小环RNA干扰载体,并且其能稳定、高效、特异地抑制HBV基因的表达与复制,该研究不仅对探索HBV的基因治疗提供了重要线索,而且为RNA干扰的应用提供了新的运载体系。     

KLF4siRNA慢病毒载体构建和鉴定

目的:构建上皮锌指蛋白4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)siRNA慢病毒载体并进行初步鉴定,为研究KLF4在宫颈细胞癌中的分子机制奠定基础。方法:利用公用网站中提供的RNA干扰序列设计原则,设计4个RNA干扰靶点序列,合成含干扰序列的单链DNA oligo,然后退火配对产生双链,再通过其两端所含酶切位点直接连入酶切后的RNAi慢病毒载体上;将连接产物转入制备好的细菌感受态细胞,PCR鉴定阳性重组子后,送测序验证,测序结果经比对确认正确的克隆,制备编码慢病毒颗粒的重组病毒质粒及其两种辅助包装原件载体质粒,共转染293T细胞,收集富含慢病毒颗粒上清液,对其浓缩后得到高滴度的慢病毒浓缩液,在293T细胞中测定并标定病毒滴度。收集上清液感染宫颈癌He La细胞,通过q RT-PCR及Western Blot鉴定KLF4 siRNA慢病毒干扰效果。结果:成功构建KLF4 siRNA慢病毒载体。KLF4 siRNA慢病毒感染He La细胞后,q RT-PCR及Western Blot测定结果显示,KLF4表达明显降低。结论:KLF4 siRNA慢病毒载体构建及包装成功,可有效抑制KLF4表达,为研究KLF4生物学功能奠定基础。