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1.
为了解西北太平洋亚热带海域浮游动物群落结构,根据2019年3月“淞航号”调查船在西北太平洋(28°—35°N,147°—154°E)44个站点进行渔业资源调查期间采集的浮游动物样本,分析了浮游动物的种类组成与分布。结果表明:该海域共鉴定出浮游动物456种(含浮游幼体和未定种),属于14个类群8个门类,其中桡足类163种,为最优势类群。优势种包括9种暖水种:螺旋尖角水母、瘦新哲水蚤、瘦乳点水蚤、肥胖箭虫、邦海樽、六鳍箭虫、喙真胖水蚤、小哲水蚤、细角间哲水蚤,以及1种温带种捷氏哲水蚤。暖流指示种六鳍箭虫和寒流指示种捷氏哲水蚤均是优势种并同时出现在亚热带海域,表明亲潮和黑潮对该海域浮游动物的多样性和时空分布具有重要影响。各站点平均生物量为(31.64±23.81) mg·m-3,平均丰度为(22.2±17.6) ind·m-3。单纯度指数(C)、均匀度指数(J)、Shannon多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(D)均值分别为0.09±0.10、0.76±0.10、4.88±0.71、23.53±8.08。4种指数空间分布不均匀,呈现斑块状。研究期间,西...  相似文献   

2.
渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅰ.种类组成与群落结构   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
以1959年全国海洋普查浮游动物中网周年标本为材料,对渤海浮游动物的群落结构进行分析.渤海浮游动物群落以近岸广温种为主,主要优势种包括小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、墨氏胸刺水蚤(Centropages mcmurrichi)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera enchaeta)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)等.由于受海流影响,渤海中也有少量暖水性种类出现,包括Euchaeta rimana Bradford 1974、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)、刺尾角水蚤(Pontella spinicauda)、羽环纽鳃樽(Cyclosalpa pinnata)、长吻纽鳃樽(Brooksia rostrata)、锯齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)、肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)和介形类.聚类分析和主要成分分析的结果表明:受海流影响,春季(5月份)渤海浮游动物群落可以划分成近岸型、受黄海海流影响的外海型以及过渡类型.夏季(8月份)由于水文条件的差异,群落结构比较复杂.秋、冬季(11月份、2月份)主要是以近岸类型为主,这可能同该海区盛行东北风有关.  相似文献   

3.
刘必林  陈新军  贾涛  李纲 《生态学报》2012,32(5):1654-1662
根据2009年7—8月在东热带太平洋哥斯达黎加外海(4°30’—10°24’N、91°20’—100°00’W)进行茎柔鱼探捕调查期间采集的表层浮游动物资料,对其种类组成、生物量及其分布进行了分析。结果表明,调查海域,鉴定出腔肠动物8目10科17属23种;甲壳动物8目30科43属74种;毛颚动物1目1科1属4种;尾索动物3目3科5属5种;环节动物为1目3科5属6种;软体动物1目1科3属3种;其他浮游动物有头足类的幼体、鱼卵和仔稚鱼以及浮游幼虫。调查海域总生物量和丰度的平均值分别为(124.78±176.83)mg/m3和(848±1219)个/m3,生物量较大的类群主要是甲壳动物的桡足类和毛颚动物的箭虫类其中桡足类的丰度(727个/m3)为最高,其次为箭虫类(373个/m3);出现频率较高的为桡足类、箭虫类、长尾类、头足类和鱼类仔稚鱼。  相似文献   

4.
周伟  王丹丽  林勉  徐善良  邹秀 《生态科学》2013,32(4):500-508
根据2009年秋~2010年夏每季采样调查,分析和研究了浙江省宁波港海区浮游动物种类组成和数量分布的四季变化特征。结果表明: 经鉴定浮游动物共有70种,隶属3门35属。其中桡足类的种类最多,占总种数的73.54%; 优势种主要有中华异水蚤、矩形龟甲轮虫、伪长腹剑水蚤、挪威小星猛水蚤、小星猛水蚤属、驼背隆哲水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤等。浮游动物群体丰度呈现出夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的现象,四季平均丰度分别为2.50×103 ind/m3、40.16×103 ind/m3、3.72×103 ind/m3、1.20×103 ind /m3。生物量呈现出夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的现象,四季平均生物量分别为88.94 mg/m3、931.22 mg/m3、58.74 mg/m3、24.49 mg/m3。与历史资料以及邻近海域比较发现,浮游动物丰度和生物量小于或接近于东海各海域。生物多样性分析显示,夏季与春秋冬三季生物多样性(H')有显著性差异(P<0.05),夏季具有较高的生物多样性,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、种类丰富度(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、最大多样性指数(H'max)基本呈现出夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。与邻近海域相比,多样性指数(H')、种类丰富度(D)、最大多样性指数(H'max)呈下降趋势。  相似文献   

5.
海洋浮游动物在海洋生态系统中属于次级生产者,它是海洋经济鱼虾蟹类的重要基础饵料,是形成优良渔场的重要条件,浮游动物的种类组成和数量分布对渔场的形成以及渔业生产具有重要意义[1-3]。  相似文献   

6.
崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物的种类组成及多样性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了揭示潮间带潮沟水域浮游动物的多样性, 作者于2008年4–12月在崇明东滩选取6条潮沟共18个站点进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。检获到浮游动物44种, 隶属于6个类群, 其中桡足类占绝对优势, 达总种类数的79.5%。分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构及物种多样性等生态特征参数的季节变化。优势种有9种, 春季以细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)优势度最高, 夏季以火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)优势度最高, 秋季以火腿许水蚤和中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)优势度较高, 冬季则以四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和中华华哲水蚤的优势度较高。多样性指数显示, Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)值以夏冬季较高, 物种丰富度指数(d)值以夏秋季较高, Pielou均匀度指数(J′)值以冬季最高。与崇明岛附近的长江口北港北支水域已有的研究结果相比, 种类组成差异较大, 仅有6个共有种。浮游动物的生态特征与潮汐关系密切, 涨潮时物种多样性略高于落潮时, 涨潮和落潮时优势种的种类及优势度也均呈现出一定差异。盐度、温度、径流及潮流等环境因素对潮沟浮游动物的时空分布产生了重要影响。  相似文献   

7.
王胜男  陈卫 《生物学通报》2012,47(10):10-13
浮游动物是浮游生物中的一大生物类群,终生营浮游性生活.淡水浮游动物主要包括原生动物、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类四大类群.这四类浮游动物在水域生态学研究和经济水产中均占有重要地位.它们通过摄食控制浮游植物的数量,来调节水体生态平衡,因此可以通过浮游动物的群落结构变化进行水质监测;同时它们又是许多经济水产动物的饵料,因而其数量变化可以直接影响鱼类养殖.现在,对于浮游动物的研究已不止限于宏观,随着科研技术的进步、分子技术的发展,其研究方法已经实现了宏观与微观的结合,促进了浮游动物生态学研究的进步.  相似文献   

8.
瓯江口夏、秋季浮游动物种类组成及其多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
依据2007年6和9月瓯江12水域两个航次的浮游动物调查资料,研究瓯江口浮游动物种类组成和多样性特征,并探索水团等因素对浮游动物优势种及物种多样性分布的影响.结果表明:调查水域共鉴定出浮游动物76种(不含18种浮游幼体和仔鱼),隶属于7门8纲20目41科,其中桡足类是最主要的优势类群;瓯江口水域浮游动物主要由亚热带种构成;就盐度适应而言,浮游动物种类数以外海种居多,而近海种在浮游动物总丰度中占有明显优势;秋季浮游动物种类数显著高于夏季;秋季的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.89)明显高于夏季(2.23),这与秋季物种数较高有关;夏季水团交汇处的大门岛邻近水域多样性指数最高,秋季该水域多样性指数呈现从河口到外海逐渐增加的趋势.  相似文献   

9.
为评价东江流域农村饮用水源中微生物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性, 分别采集了集中式供水井、塘坝型水井、猪场附近水井、普通村落水井、水库水5种水样, 进行基因组总DNA的提取和主要理化指标的测定, 运用DGGE技术分析各水样总DNA的PCR产物。UPGMA聚类分析DGGE指纹图谱结果表明, 相同类型水样的微生物群落结构相似性较高, 聚集到一个分支上; 典型相关性分析(CCA)结果表明, 水体中总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)的浓度与微生物群落结构的关联度最高, 即磷和氮两种生命过程的基本元素对微生物群落影响最大; 序列分析表明农村饮用水源中微生物群落结构丰富, 包含了螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)5个门的细菌, 且每类水样拥有各自的优势菌。  相似文献   

10.
为探明浙江水源地水库浮游动物群落特征及与环境因子的关系, 达到用浮游动物群落参数监测水源地水库水质的目的。于2014年1月至2016年10月, 对10个饮用水源地水库(K1—K10)展开了水质参数、浮游动物丰度和生物量的季节调查。采用多元逐步回归与通径分析的方法, 研究了浙江水源地水库环境因子与浮游动物群落之间的相互关系和作用过程。结果表明, 2014—2016年水库浮游动物平均密度97.5 ind./L, 主要由桡足类无节幼体(占36.3%)、轮虫(28.4%)和剑水蚤(20.0%)组成。平均生物量289.3 μg/L, 主要由枝角类(占39.3%)、剑水蚤(29.0%)和哲水蚤(14.5%)组成。Chl. a含量是春、夏季水库浮游动物丰度的决策因子, TP含量是秋、冬季群落丰度波动的限制因子, 春季TN通过N﹕P比率影响群落丰度。DO含量是冬季和夏季水库浮游动物生物量发展的决策因子, 冬季DO通过降低N﹕P比促进群落生物量发展。水库浮游动物现存量受到了TP含量消长、N﹕P比率变化, 以及最终反映的水体Chl.a含量共同影响。  相似文献   

11.
We used aphids (Aphidae) as a representative hemimetabolous host family to investigate patterns of parasitoid (Aphidiine) assemblage size. The aphidiine assemblages from 477 aphid species were used to estimate average assemblage size and the influence of eight ecological and taxonomic variables. Aphids species support an average of 1.7 aphidiine species. Aphid subfamily and invasion status (native or exotic) were the most important determinants of parasitoid richness, explaining 28% of the deviance in aphidiine assemblage size. Aphids within the largest aphid subfamily, the Aphidinae, support larger parasitoid assemblages than those in other subfamilies. Parasitoid diversity was also highest on exotic aphid hosts (within the Aphidinae) and on hosts in developed habitats (agricultural or urban), though the latter effect is weak. Patterns related to aphid food plant architecture were influenced by an interaction with aphid invasion status; parasitoid diversity drops with increasing architectural complexity on exotic aphids, whereas the diversities on native aphid hosts are similar on different plant types. Weak effects were also found for aphid food plant alternation (whether or not aphids switch hosts seasonally) and climate (annual range in temperature); alternating aphids support more parasitoids than non-alternating hosts, and parasitoid assemblage size is lowest in warm climates. Taxonomic isolation of aphids at the generic level showed no significant relationship with parasitoid diversity. Finally, in contrast to parasitoid assemblages on holometabolous hosts, sample size effects were weak for aphids, possibly due to the narrow host ranges of aphidiines. Received: 22 November 1997 / Accepted: 7 March 1998  相似文献   

12.
淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构及动态   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
为帮助利用生物操纵技术进行淀山湖水体富营养化治理,2004年1月至2005年12月对淀山湖浮游动物群落结构,包括种类组成、种群动态、现存量进行了2周年的系统调查.淀山湖浮游动物有128种,其中浮游原生动物23属29种、轮虫23属51种、枝角类15属33种、桡足类15种.年均密度6 965ind/L,原生动物和轮虫分别占62.19%和36.77%,密度高峰出现在春季;生物量年均为6.00mg/L,以轮虫和枝角类占优势,分别占51.65%和38.38%,生物量高峰出现在夏季.4个类群浮游动物多样性指数H'与其均匀度指数J呈显著正相关,原生动物群落多样性指数H'与其密度呈显著负相关.根据浮游动物密度及优势种组成特征判断,淀山湖水质为富营养型.原生动物多样性指数具有较好的水质指示作用.  相似文献   

13.
秋浦河源国家湿地公园溪流鱼类群落的时空格局   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
确定溪流鱼类群落的时空格局及其形成机制是开展鱼类物种多样性保护和管理的科学基础。该文于2012年5月和10月两次对秋浦河源国家湿地公园境内的24个可涉水河段取样,共采集鱼类29种,隶属10科4目。研究了溪流鱼类群落结构及其多样性的时空格局,并解析了局域栖息地条件与支流空间位置变量对鱼类群落的影响。鱼类多样性的时空变化显著,鱼类多样性总体上为二级溪流高于一级溪流,10月份高于5月份。流量量级、底质粗糙度及异质性、水温和水深等对鱼类多样性及群落结构的空间变化影响显著。鱼类群落结构符合嵌套格局,季节动态不显著,上游鱼类群落呈现为下游群落的嵌套子集。一、二级溪流间的群落结构尽管存在部分重叠但差异显著,且这种差异主要源于稀有花鳅(Cobitis rarus)、吻虾虎鱼(Ctenogobius spp.)、宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、尖头鱥(Phoxinus oxycephalus)、高体鰟鲏(Rhodeus ocellatus)和原缨口鳅(Vanmanenia stenosoma)等鱼类相对多度的空间变化,其中,除尖头鱥的多度在一级溪流中更高外,其他5种鱼类均在在二级溪流更高。  相似文献   

14.
Summary The parasitoids known to attack 191 phytophagous species of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) were used to examine factors influencing parasitoid assemblage size. The number of parasitoid species a midge species supports was tested against nine variables describing geographical, biological and ecological attributes of hosts. The apparency of midge larvae was found to have the greatest influence on parasitoid assemblage size; highly visible species support more parasitoids than less visible ones. Pupation site and midge voltinism also significantly affect associated parasitoids, at least for highly apparent hosts. Biogeographic region, host-plant architecture and the plant parts infested were found to be of secondary importance. The surface texture of infested plant parts, the number of midge larvae occupying galls and the diversity of plant tissues infested have minimal apparent effects on parasitoid richness. Parasitoid assemblage size and total parasitism rates were also found to be positively correlated for 73 galling and nongalling midge species, and gallers typically suffer higher levels of parasitism than non-gallers. Using these data to test the enemy hypothesis, which proposes that the galling habit has evolved to escape attack from parasitoids, we conclude that parasitoid pressure cannot account for the presence of galls in the Cecidomyiidae.  相似文献   

15.
2016年4月至2016年11月针对新疆石河子蘑菇湖水库不同库区水量状况时期(4月份丰水期,7月份平水期,11月份枯水期)进行了3次采样调查,共检出浮游动物36种,其中原生动物7种,轮虫18种,枝角类4种,桡足类7种;3次采样浮游动物群落结构均主要以轮虫和桡足类为主。浮游动物年平均密度为3 574 ind/L,各采样点密度变化范围为284 ~ 5 162 ind/L;年生物量为3.79 mg/L,各采样点生物量变化范围为0.84 ~ 6.56 mg/L。3次采样浮游动物密度和生物量均在7月份达到最大值,不同时期密度和生物量差异均显著(P < 0.05)。根据浮游动物密度对蘑菇湖水库进行营养化评级,水库营养状况在一年中随着时间的变化是以中营养化水平向富营养化转化的状态。浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温、硝态氮、溶解氧、酸碱度、化学需氧量能够在4月份(丰水期)影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、溶解氧、总磷、化学需氧量能够在7月份(平水期)共同影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、酸碱度、溶解氧在11月份(枯水期)能够影响浮游动物群落结构。其中,水温和溶解氧在3个不同时期是主要影响浮游动物群落结构的环境因子。  相似文献   

16.
用浮游动物评价巢湖东湖区的水质和营养类型   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
于2005年6月至2006年6月对巢湖东湖区的浮游动物进行了采样调查,初步研究了巢湖东湖区的浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构特征以及浮游动物物种的多样性,并对巢湖东湖区的水质状况和营养类型作出了评价。研究结果显示浮游动物153种,其中原生动物43属59种,占总种数的38.56%;轮虫类20属48种,占总种数的31.37%;枝角类14属26种,占总种数的16.99%;桡足类20种,占总种数的13.07%。浮游动物的物种多样性随着季节的变化而变化;污生指数法评价结果表明巢湖东湖区的水质状况从2005年6月至2006年6月均处于β-中污带级;用浮游动物数量(ind·L-1)作为湖泊水体营养程度的生物量指标,其结果显示巢湖东湖区水体从2005年6-9月和2006年3-6月巢湖东湖区水体的营养状况处于富营养状态。  相似文献   

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The fungal distribution, diversity, and load were analyzed in the geographically segregated island groundwater systems in Korea. A total of 79 fungal isolates were secured from seven islands and identified based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. They belonged to three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chlorophyta), five classes, sixteen orders, twenty-two families, and thirty-one genera. The dominant phylum was Ascomycota (91.1%), with most fungi belonging to the Cladosporium (21.5%), Aspergillus (15.2%), and Stachybotrys (8.9%) genera. Cladosporium showed higher dominance and diversity, being widely distributed throughout the geographically segregated groundwater systems. Based on the diversity indices, the genera richness (4.821) and diversity (2.550) were the highest in the groundwater system of the largest scale. As turbidity (0.064–0.462) increased, the overall fungal count increased and the residual chlorine (0.089–0.308) had low relevance compared with the total count and fungal diversity. Cladosporium showed normal mycelial growth in de-chlorinated sterilized samples. Overall, if turbidity increases under higher fungal diversity, bio-deterioration in groundwater-supplying facilities and public health problems could be intensified, regardless of chlorine treatment. In addition to fungal indicators and analyzing methods, physical hydrostatic treatment is necessary for monitoring and controlling fungal contamination.  相似文献   

18.
The present study was carried out in Faxinal Reservoir, a warm monomictic, meso-eutrophic reservoir in subtropical southern Brazil, with a long-standing, well-stratified condition, low epilimnetic nutrient concentrations, and a relatively clear epilimnion. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the phytoplankton functional groups, recognizing their driving forces in Faxinal Reservoir. Samples were taken at monthly intervals from January 2004 to January 2005 in surface waters. According to the reservoir’s mixing regime, three periods were identified during the study: stratification 1 (January–May 2004); mixing period (June–August 2004); and stratification 2 (September 2004–January 2005). The nutrient dynamics were driven by the mixing regime. The H1, F, and C phytoplankton functional groups were the most important in biomass, mainly represented by the N-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena crassa, the colonial green alga with thick mucilaginous sheaths Nephrocytium sp., and the diatom Asterionella formosa, respectively. Tendencies pointed out by redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the mixing regime was the main determining factor of the seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community. The dominant functional groups showed a close relationship with the relative water-column stability (RWCS), and also, as a consequence of the mixing regime, with nutrient availability. The study also revealed the important role of physical processes in the seasonal gradient, in selecting for phytoplankton functional groups and, consequently, in the assessment of ecological status. Q index (assemblage index) of water quality based on functional groups revealed ecological status varying from very poor to tolerable in the stratification 1 period and from tolerable to medium in the mixing and stratification 2 periods. Handling editor: Judit Padisak  相似文献   

19.
The present study evaluated the hypothesis that after flooding events, non-random patterns of species co-occurrence (segregation) are progressively intensified in fish assemblages inhabiting seasonally isolated lagoons. We sampled lagoons in the upper Paraná River floodplain between 1992 and 1993, and classified them into five hydrological phases, according to their surface connectivity. During the period of isolation (9 months), lagoons depth decreased progressively, but desiccation was reversed after 4 months (possibly due to groundwater infiltration and rainfall). A significant co-occurrence pattern (segregation) occurred in the last phase, supporting our initial hypothesis. However, richness, abundance and composition were significantly correlated with habitat depth, indicating that assemblage structure and organization is closely associated with dynamics of habitat retraction/expansion during isolation. Although environmental conditions of lagoons (absence of prolonged desiccation) prevented an adequate test of our hypothesis, our data suggests that, in addition to the importance of surface floods, the hydrological cycle as a whole has a crucial role shaping the organization of fish assemblages in floodplain lagoons seasonally isolated.  相似文献   

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