麦冬皂苷D对过氧化氢造模的HUVEC保护作用机制研究

目的:研究麦冬皂苷D对HUVEC凋亡相关分子的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:用H2O2构建凋亡模型,运用MTT及流式细胞仪检测细胞活性,激光共聚焦方法测定粒体膜电位和钙离子浓度。结果:麦冬皂苷D可以稳定线粒体膜电位,减少钙离子内流,增加细胞的活力。结论:麦冬皂苷D对HUVEC有一定的保护作用。     

茶油中皂苷的指纹图谱及抗脂质过氧化的研究

采用双溶剂萃取法提取茶油中的皂苷类成分,建立其HPLC指纹图谱,测定其抗脂质过氧化活性,并考察共有峰与抗脂质过氧化活性之间的相关性。茶油皂苷HPLC指纹图谱的最佳色谱条件为:Sun Fire C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 m L/min;检测波长:234 nm;柱温:30℃。用"相似度评价软件(2004A)"处理分析,建立茶油皂苷的HPLC指纹图谱,确立了7个共有峰,10批次的茶油皂苷样品相似度较好。测定茶油皂苷的抗脂质过氧化活性,其中来自吉安市安福县、上饶市弋阳县、九江市武宁县的茶油皂苷抗脂质过氧化活性最强,来自景德镇市浮梁县的茶油皂苷抗脂质过氧化活性最弱。相关性分析的结果表明,峰3、峰5、峰7与抗脂质过氧化活性具有显著的正相关性,总皂苷含量与抗脂质过氧化活性也呈现显著的正相关性。     

不同干燥方法对麦冬多元活性成分的影响

探究不同干燥方法对麦冬多元活性成分的影响。采用超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定不同干燥方法下麦冬中甾体皂苷、高异黄酮、氨基酸及核苷类共29种活性成分的含量;根据29种目标成分的含量,用聚类分析(HCA)及主成分分析(PCA)对不同干燥方法下麦冬进行综合评价。结果表明,29种目标成分在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0. 999 0;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,RSD均小于5%;平均加样回收率为97. 02%～102. 78%,RSD均小于5%。PCA结果显示,以晒干、无硫烘干的麦冬样品综合质量较优。所建立的方法准确、可靠,可用于麦冬药材内在质量的综合评价,该研究可为揭示麦冬传统干燥方法科学内涵提供依据,同时为麦冬产地加工时干燥方法的优选提供基础资料。     

红参的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

红参为人参常用炮制品之一,其化学成分主要有皂苷类、挥发油类、糖类、氨基酸类、微量元素等;药理作用研究发现红参主要具有增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗糖尿病、抗肝肾毒性作用等。红参在加工过程中会产生多种成分,如人参皂苷Rg_3、人参皂苷Rh_1、人参皂苷Rh_2、人参炔醇、精氨酸双糖苷、麦芽酚等,这会使得红参的某些药理作用增强。本文则系统整理了2010～2020年红参的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展,以期为红参的质量控制、临床应用提供理论依据。     

油茶化学成分及对肿瘤细胞抑制活性研究进展

本文结合国内外文献综述了油茶化学成分的研究进展,并对该植物的抗肿瘤活性进行了总结。油茶所含化学成分主要为三萜及三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、甾体类、木脂素类等。三萜及三萜皂苷类成分为油茶中最主要的化学成分。油茶提取物及单体化合物Oleiferasaponin B1、B2、C1、C2、油茶皂苷B对肿瘤细胞有抑制活性,多糖和油茶皂苷A、B具有抑制移植瘤活性,其作用机制有待进一步深入研究。     

紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展

近7年来,紫金牛属植物中皂苷类成分的研究非常活跃,已相继从紫金牛属植物中分离得到34个皂苷类化合物,并对其药理活性进行了研究。本文查阅了近7年来国内外关于紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究文献,并在此基础上对皂苷类化合物的种类、结构特点、药理活性等方面进行了系统的综述,为深入研究和开发利用紫金牛属药用植物中皂苷类成分提供详尽的参考资料。     

苜蓿属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

苜蓿属植物分布广泛,其中所含有的化学成分主要为皂苷类、黄酮类、香豆素类、多糖等.本属植物及其提取物具有降胆固醇、抗动脉粥样硬化、雌激素样作用等药理活性,深入研究后可开发为天然药物.     

三七总皂苷的药用生物学活性研究进展

三七总皂苷是中药三七的主要有效成分,对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、血液系统等具有抗炎、抗纤维化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等方面的生物学活性,是现代中药、药理等领域的研究热点.近年来随着研究的不断深入,三七总皂苷的生物学活性被进一步发现,其用途也越来越广.本文就三七总皂苷在生物学方面的研究情况和用途进行综述,并对其前景予以讨论.     

猪牙皂的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

猪牙皂主要含有多种三萜皂苷,具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、改善心肌缺血等药理活性。就近年来的研究成果作一综述,为猪牙皂的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。     

菊三七属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

菊科菊三七属植物中含有生物碱类、黄酮类、香豆素类、三萜类、甾体类及其皂苷、倍半萜类、酚酸类、脑苷脂类等化学成分,具有良好的止血、降血糖、降血压、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗凝血等药理活性。可见,该属植物化学成分丰富,药理活性多样,极具药用及食用保健价值。本文就近年来菊三七属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展作一综述。     

Steroidal saponins from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus

Eight novel steroidal saponins, ophiopogonins H-O (1-8), along with seven known steroidal saponins (9-15) were isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus. The structures of these new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data, and the analysis of hydrolytic reaction products. For the first time, rare furostanol saponins with disaccharide moiety linked at position C-26 of the aglycone were reported to be isolated from a natural source.     

麦冬块根化学成分的研究

从麦冬(Ophiopogon japornicus)块根中分得两个环二肽类化合物,一个酰胺类化合物和一个多羟基脂肪酸类化合物。通过光谱数据分析,分别鉴定为eyclo-(Phe-Tyr)(1),cyclo-(Leu-ILe)(2),N-(2．(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4-hydroxycinnamide(3)和天师酸(4)。这四个化合物均为首次从沿阶草属植物分得。环二肽类化合物为首次从沿阶草属植物中分得的化合物类型。     

SCAR markers for discriminating species of two genera of medicinal plants, Liriope and Ophiopogon

The development of DNA markers that can closely discriminate between Liriope and Ophiopogon species is vital for efficient and accurate identification of these species, and to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines made from these plants. We developed species-specific molecular markers for these two genera. Forty RAPD primers were tested to detect polymorphism; species-specific RAPD bands were gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced. Primers for sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were then designed, based on nucleotide sequences of specific RAPD primers. SCAR markers SA06 and SB05, specific to Ophiopogon japonicus, amplified 460- and 553-bp DNA fragments, respectively. The marker SA12 amplified a 485-bp fragment specific to Liriope platyphylla. This is the first report of a species-specific SCAR marker for this group. These markers will be useful for rapid identification of closely related Liriope and Ophiopogon species.     

麦冬根中总RNA的快速提取

目的:从富含多糖、多酚的麦冬根部组织中快速提取总RNA。方法:采用改进的苯酚法,提取液的配制为5%SDS、1mol/LNaAc(pH4.1)、20%HAC、0.1%PVP。结果:采用该方法提取的麦冬总RNA纯度高、完整性好,电泳条带清晰。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳与紫外吸光度测定产量与纯度,麦冬根部组织总RNA的吸光值D260nm/D280nm值大于1.8,D260nm/D230nm值大于2.0,麦冬块根与不定根RNA的平均产量分别为79.716和76.144μg/g(鲜重)。结论:用本方法提取的RNA可用于后继的抑制消减杂交试验。     

Fermentation effects of oligosaccharides of Radix Ophiopogonis on alloxan-induced diabetes in mice

In this study, oligosaccharides extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus vinegar (OOV) by alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation with water extracts from Radix Ophiopogon and oligosaccharides extracted from Radix Ophiopogonis (OOJ) were investigated. Characterization of the extracts indicated that OOV are proteoglycans, whereas OOJ are not. Moreover, compared with OOJ, monosaccharide compositions of OOV only include fructose and galactose and not glucose. MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometric results showed that the molecular weight of OOV was smaller after fermentation. Changes in the characteristics of OOV would inevitably lead to changes in its hypoglycemic properties. The OOV inhibition activity against α-glucosidase was stronger than that of OOJ. The inhibition activity became stronger with higher dosages of OOV. The hypoglycemic effect of OOV on alloxan-induced diabetic mice was stronger than that of OOJ. More important, the ability of OOV to reduce damage on islets in diabetic mice was stronger than that of OOJ. Overall, alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation improved the hypoglycemic activity of OOJ.     

New neuritogenic steroidal saponin from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl

A new steroidal saponin was isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus. This saponin possesses a modification by 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerylation of the hydroxyl group at C-4' of the sugar, linked to C-1 of the aglycone. It exhibited significant neuritogenic activity for PC12 cells. The structure-activity relationship revealed the aglycone, rather than the sugar moieties and acylation, to be important for the neuritogenic activity.     

Report on Karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis and Ophiopogon japonicus

In the present paper the karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang and Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker.- Gawl. in Sichuan were analysed. The karyotypes of the two species are reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows. Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang is a dipoiid. Its karyotype formula is 2n=2x=36=16m+10sm+10st(4SAT) (Plate 1: Fig. 1, 3). The karyotype is bimodal with ten large and eight small chromosome pairs and the length ratio of the tenth pair to the eleventh being 1.33. The length ratio of the largest chromosome and the smallest one is 4.33. Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker.-Gawl. is a mixoploid, with diploid, triploid and tetraploid cells in a single plant. The karyotype formula of the diploid is 2n=2x=36=18m (4SAT)+18sm(Plate 1: Fig. 2, 4). The species is of a bimodal karyotype with eight large and ten small chromosome pairs and the length ratio to the eighth pair and the ninth being 1.10.There are nine metacentric pairs (two pairs of sat-chromosomes) and nine submetacentric pairs.     

一种高质量麦冬总RNA的提取方法

本方法采用CTAB作为去污剂,分别用氯仿/异戊醇反复抽提、LiCl沉淀,以去除蛋白质、碳水化合物和次生代谢物等杂质,用DNase处理去除DNA污染,最后用无水乙醇沉淀获得总RNA。该方法不仅能获得完整性好、纯度高的总RNA,而且操作简单、成本低廉、RNA产率高,对富含次生物质的中草药材植物组织总RNA的提取具有借鉴意义。     

麦冬不同提取物对过氧化氢损伤人血管内皮细胞ICAM-1、VEGF、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的:观察麦冬不同提取物对过氧化氢诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和VEGF、Bc(?)-2表达的影响。方法:体外培养HUVEC,用过氧化氢(H_2O_2)制造HUVEC损伤模型。以四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞存活数量,用流式细胞仪检测HUVEC表面ICAM-1的表达量;免疫细胞化学方法检测HUVEC的VEGF、Bc(?)-2的分布情况。结果:模型组较正常对照组细胞增殖活性明显降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,经麦冬水提物、正丁醇提取物处理组细胞增殖活性明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。流式细胞仪检测显示正丁醇提取物可降低过氧化氢增加的ICAM-1基因的表达。Bc(?)-2的表达,模型组明显低于正常对照组,而正丁醇组表达明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。VEGF的表达,模型组明显高于正常对照组,麦冬水提物、正丁醇提取物处理组高于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:麦冬提取物具有抗凋亡、促增殖、降低细胞间黏附分子-1表达的作用,尤以正丁醇提取物效果更为显著。     

麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶表皮形态结构的观察

用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬（Ophiopogon japonicus（L．f）Ker—Gawl.]、土麦冬（Liriope spicata Lour．）和阔叶土麦冬（L．platyphylla Wanget Tang）叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶片的下表皮,气孔密度分别为76．4、114．3和99．8个·mm^-2;仅阔叶土麦冬叶片上表皮有少量气孔分布。3种植物的气孔器均不具有副卫细胞,并在叶脉间形成纵向气孔带。表皮细胞长方形,气孔带与非气孔带处表皮细胞的形态和大小差异较明显。麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁具明显瘤状突起,导致气孔下陷;土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁呈波浪状突起,使气孔相对下陷;阔叶土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁基本无突起,气孔不下陷。3种植物的叶表皮均有发达的角质层和丰富的蜡质,且蜡质主要分布于下表皮气孔带处。这些结构特征可能与它们所具有的喜阳、耐阴和耐旱等特性有一定的相关性。