单基因遗传性高胆固醇血症与非低密度脂蛋白受体致病基因的关系档

家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)是一类异质性很强的单基因常染色体遗传性疾病.最近发现,除低密度脂蛋白受体和载脂蛋白B-100以外,前蛋白转化酶-枯草溶菌素9、衔接子蛋白、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G5和G8、胆固醇-7-α-羟化酶等多种基因的变异都能导致FH样表型.该文对利用基因剔除和过表达、RNA干扰、反义技术对单基因遗传性高胆固醇血症非低密度脂蛋白受体致病基因的功能和调控机制进行综述,有助于深入认识这些基因,从而为临床家族性高胆固醇血症的诊断和治疗提供新的思路.     

糖皮质激素受体与DNA的相互作用

糖皮质激素(Gc),对机体的发育、分化和代谢起着重要作用,在临床上,Gc也是应用最广泛的药物之一,因而它的作用机制引起了人们的很大兴趣.六十年代以来的工作表明,存在着Gc受体,Gc和胞浆中受体结合,Gc-受体复合物激活后进入细胞核内,调节基因的表达.但对Gc-受体复合物调节基因表达过程,了解的还很少.近年来,由于基因重组技术的应用,受体纯化的成功以及对小鼠乳腺瘤病毒(MMTV)、金属硫蛋白基因的研究,使人们能够从分子水平上研究受体与DNA 的相互作用,     

雌激素受体基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性研究进展

雌激素受体(ER)是雌激素发挥作用的关键,雌激素受体基因存在遗传多态性,目前已对雌激素受体基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性进行了多项研究.本文就雌激素受体基因的多态性及其与乳腺癌发生的关系进行了综述.     

基因敲除技术对5－HT受体研究的新贡献

基因敲除技术对５－ＨＴ受体研究的新贡献随着５－ＨＴ受体家族的扩大,寻找高选择性的受体激动剂及阻断剂日趋困难。基因药理的研究对象不是特定的受体蛋白质,而是编码蛋白质的基因或ｍＲＮＡ．通过基因敲除技术,可以繁殖出变异鼠,使之缺少某种特定基因,从而使之不能...     

甾体激素受体超家族的基因调控机制

甾体激素受体超家族是一类基因反式作用因子,对RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的某些蛋白质基因和RNA聚合酶Ⅰ转录的核糖体RNA基因均有正或负的转录调节作用.超家族对RNA polⅡ转录的基因调控的机理包括受体激活,相关蛋白解离,磷酸化,同源/异源二聚化,核转位,与正/负激素应答元件及相应转录蛋白作用,最终激活或抑制特异靶基因的转录.甾体激素对RNA polⅠ转录的基因的调节作用以及超家族中的经典受体和孤儿受体非配合的激活机制是目前研究的热点.     

脊索动物嗅觉受体基因命名法的发展

嗅觉受体属于G蛋白偶联受体家族,在脊索动物的整个生命周期中都扮演着至关重要的角色。与其他多数基因家族不同,嗅觉受体家族是一个成员数量庞大的超基因家族,为它们合乎逻辑的命名可以更好地对该家族进行描述、分析和讨论,也可以为机器学习程序从庞大的嗅觉受体数据库自动构建相应的蛋白结构和功能知识库提供语义信息。由于脊索动物嗅觉受体演化速度很快、基因数量庞大、假基因比率高、在物种及染色体上分布差异巨大等多方面的原因,给嗅觉受体基因合理的命名较为困难。三十多年来,伴随着嗅觉受体研究领域的发展,嗅觉受体基因命名法也经历了多次迭代,在每个阶段都发挥着积极的作用。随着测序技术和生物信息学算法工具的发展,随之而来的是新注释的海量的嗅觉受体基因,这使已有的嗅觉受体基因命名法变得越来越难以适应大数据挖掘和知识工程的系统开发,因此迫切需要一个能满足当下需求的嗅觉受体基因命名法。     

两种功能气味受体在同一神经元中共表达

嗅觉研究领域的基本原则之一是每个嗅觉受体神经元(ORN)表达单一的嗅觉受体。但是,耶鲁大学的J.R.Carlson的实验室构建了果蝇下颚须的完整的嗅觉受体与神经元的关系图谱,发现2种受体基因共表达于同一类ORN中。Goldman等人经RT-PCR和原位杂交发现了7种气味受体基因,而果蝇的上颚须仅有6类ORN,由此他们提出至少有一类ORN中表达多于一种气味受体基因的假说。研究者通过运用GAL4-UAS表达体系,原位杂交技术和缺失气味受体基因的ORN的果蝇突变体发现基因Or33c和Or85e共表达于pb2A类的ORN中,而且这种共表达在45百万年前即已存在,首…     

大肠杆菌不同受体对外源基因表达的影响

自七十年代基因工程建立以来,对基因的分离、导入及其在受体中的表达等方面进行了大量的研究,也取得了可喜的成果.本文把能表达产物并可检测的外源基因重组质粒导入大肠杆菌不同受体菌株中,观察了不同受体对外源基因表达的影响.发现同一基因在不同的大肠杆菌受体中的表达量有很大差异,这说明不同受体对外源基因表达的影响是不同的。     

拉布拉多犬嗅觉受体CfOLF4基因的克隆及序列分析

以常规PCR技术扩增警用拉布拉多犬(Canis familiaris)的嗅觉受体CfOLF4基因长879bp的目的片段,构建pMD-CfOLF4载体进行T-A克隆。重组质粒测序后与GenBank公布的犬CfOLF4基因进行序列分析比较,旨在了解拉布拉多犬嗅觉受体CfOLF4基因遗传的同源性和变异特性。     

雄激素受体的作用机制

主要概述了雄激素受体的作用机制,特别对影响雄激素受体特异性的因素进行探讨.雄激素受体（AR）属于甾体激素受体超家族,能通过配体依赖方式与特异的DNA序列结合,调控基因转录.     

生长抑素受体介导的肿瘤靶向治疗

许多肿瘤,如神经内分泌肿瘤、甲状腺癌、乳腺癌等能高表达生长抑素受体,从而为生长抑素及其类似物的治疗提供了靶点。生长抑素受体介导的肿瘤靶向治疗主要包括放射性核素治疗、放射导向手术治疗、细胞毒素治疗和溶瘤病毒治疗。目前,生长抑素受体介导的放射性核素治疗已应用于神经内分泌肿瘤,尤其在胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断和治疗中占据重要地位。另外,生长抑素受体介导的放射导向手术治疗、细胞毒素治疗和溶瘤病毒治疗的潜在价值也越来越引起研究者们的重视。本文通过查阅近五年来关于生长抑素受体介导的肿瘤靶向治疗的国内外文献,综述了生长抑素受体介导的肿瘤靶向治疗的最新研究进展。     

An enzymatic method to determine receptor-mediated endocytosis

Many studies have measured receptor-mediated endocytosis using radiolabeled ligands or antibodies. Upon ligation and cross-linking, the labeled ligand or antibody is endocytosed and the internalization of the radioisotope is assayed after stripping the uninternalized ligand from the cell membrane. This study reports on an enzymatic assay to measure receptor-mediated endocytosis and compares it with the radioactive method. The results show that receptor-mediated endocytosis measured using the peroxidase conjugated antibody is two fold higher than that measured with a radiolabeled antibody. Thus, approximately 38% endocytosis of CD3 is measured using an ¹²⁵I-labeled antibody, whereas approximately 79% endocytosis is detected by peroxidase conjugated antibody method. Similar increases are also found with CD2 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Our study has demonstrated that the enzymatic method could be employed in determining receptor-mediated endocytosis. In addition to increased sensitivity, the enzymatic assay eliminates the use of radioactive materials.     

糖皮质激素对谷氨酸和DGABA受体的电生理反应的快速调制作用

在大鼠下丘脑薄片和豚鼠腹腔神经节上,分别用玻璃微电极细胞外和细胞内记录方法,观察了１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）对谷氨酸和ＧＡＢＡ受体介导效应的快速调制作用。结果表明,ＧＣ灌流后５ｍｉｎ,对谷氨酸受体介导的效应起抑制作用,而对ＧＡＢＡ受体介导的效应起增强作用。撤除ＧＣ后,神经元对谷氨酸和ＧＡＢＡ的反应恢复到对照水平。低钙高镁灌流液不能取消ＧＣ的调制作用。结果提示,ＧＣ在不需要突触环路条件下,可能通过非基因组途径影响谷氨酸和ＧＡＢＡ受体介导的效应。     

σ receptor 1 is preferentially involved in modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in rat retinal ganglion cells

Using patch-clamp whole-cell recording, we investigated how activation of the sigma receptor 1 (σR1) modulates light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) of ganglion cells (GCs) in rat retinal slice preparations. Bath application of the σR1 agonist SKF10047 (SKF) suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated eEPSCs at different holding potentials in ON, OFF and ON-OFF GCs, and the effects were blocked when the preparations were pre-incubated with the σR1 antagonist BD1047. In contrast, SKF had no effects on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated eEPSCs of these GCs. Furthermore, application of SKF did not affect AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs of GCs, suggesting that activation of σR1 did not change the release of glutamate from bipolar cells. These results suggest that σR1 may be involved in the regulation of output signaling of GCs by preferentially modulating NMDA receptor-mediated eEPSCs of these retinal neurons.     

Receptor and non receptor-mediated activation of blood platelets. Effect on membrane-cytoskeleton interaction

Platelets were activated by receptor and non receptor-mediated reagents. The effect of these reagents on aggregation, secretion, cytoskeleton formation, interaction of alpha-actinin and other membrane proteins with the cytoskeleton was studied. Results show that receptor-mediated activation (e.g. ADP or thrombin activation) leads to a high extent of association of alpha-actinin with the cytoskeleton while non receptor-mediated activation (e.g. ionophore A-23187, arachidonic acid) leads to a low association between the two species. The degrees of aggregation, secretion and total amount of protein in the two modes of activation were the same.     

JNK regulates HIPK3 expression and promotes resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in DU 145 prostate carcinoma cells

Elevated endogenous JNK activity and resistance to Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis have recently been implicated in progression of prostate cancer and can promote resistance to apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, JNK has been demonstrated to promote transformation of epithelial cells by increasing both proliferation and survival. Although numerous studies have reported a role for JNK in promoting Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis, there is a paucity in the literature studying the antiapoptotic function of JNK during Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis. Consequently, we have used the recently described specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 and RNA interference to inhibit endogenous JNK activity in the prostate carcinoma cell line DU 145. We demonstrated that endogenous JNK activity increased the expression of a kinase, HIPK3, that has previously been implicated in multidrug resistance in a number of tumors. HIPK3 has also been reported to phosphorylate FADD. The interaction between FADD and caspase-8 was inhibited, but abrogation of JNK activity or HIPK3 expression was found to restore this interaction and increased the sensitivity of DU 145 cells to Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, we present novel evidence that JNK regulates the expression of HIPK3 in prostate cancer cells, and this contributes to increased resistance to Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis by reducing the interaction between FADD and caspase-8.     

Calcium transients during Fc receptor-mediated and nonspecific phagocytosis by murine peritoneal macrophages

Studies with populations of macrophages have produced conflicting results concerning the possibility that the concentration of intracellular ionized calcium [( Ca2+]i) may act as an important mediator for phagocytosis. Since asynchronous changes in [Ca2+]i in individual cells undergoing phagocytosis may be averaged to undetectability in population studies, we studied single adhering murine macrophages using fura-2 and our previously described digital imaging system. The proportion of macrophages phagocytosing IgG-coated latex beads was greater than for uncoated beads (percent phagocytosing cells: 71 +/- 7 vs. 27 +/- 7, P less than 0.01). Phagocytosis of IgG-coated and uncoated beads was always associated with a calcium transient that preceded the initiation of phagocytosis. No calcium transients were detected in cells that bound but did not phagocytose beads. Four major differences between Fc receptor-mediated and nonspecific phagocytosis were detected: (a) the duration of calcium transients was longer for nonspecific phagocytosis compared with Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis (69.9 +/- 10.2 vs. 48.7 +/- 4.7 s, P less than 0.05) and the magnitude of calcium transients was less for nonspecific phagocytosis (178 +/- 43 vs. 349 +/- 53 nM, P less than 0.05); (b) removal of extracellular calcium abolished the calcium transients associated with nonspecific phagocytosis but had no effect on those associated with receptor-mediated phagocytosis; (c) in the absence of extracellular calcium, buffering intracellular calcium with a chelator reduced Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis but had no additive inhibitory effect on nonspecific phagocytosis; and (d) inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with staurosporine inhibited nonspecific phagocytosis but had no effect on receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Our observations suggest that despite both types of phagocytosis being associated with intracellular calcium transients, the role played by intracellular calcium in the signaling pathways may differ for Fc receptor-mediated and nonspecific phagocytosis by elicited murine macrophages.     

雌激素受体信号通路在乳腺癌发生和治疗中的作用

雌激素受体信号通路在调控乳腺细胞增殖和凋亡等生理机能中发挥重要功能,该通路出现调控异常时可导致乳腺癌发生。雌激素受体在乳腺癌发生中的作用机制包括核受体介导的基因组信号通路和膜受体介导的非基因组信号通路以及二者的相互作用。基于雌激素受体信号通路及其关键信号分子的靶向治疗是开展乳腺癌治疗的重要策略与有效途径。对雌激素受体结构以及雌激素受体信号通路在乳腺癌发生和治疗中的作用作一综述。     

Selective benzimidazole inhibitors of the antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation pathway

Dysregulated antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation can contribute to development of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and malignancy. A chemical biology screening strategy has identified a substituted benzimidazole that selectively inhibits antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation without blocking other NF-κB activation pathways. A library of analogs was synthesized and the structure–activity relationship and metabolic stability for the series is presented.     

肝细胞导向的促血小板生成素基因转移对化疗后血小板减少症模型治疗的初步研究

为了探讨受体介导的基因转移技术在治疗血小板减少症方面应用的可行性,将促血小板生成素（Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ,ＴＰＯ）基因克隆入质粒型ＥＢ病毒表达载体ｐＤＲ２中,并与半乳糖化组蛋白结合,从而制备了一种为肝细胞表面特异的脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体识别并内吞的核酸－蛋白复合物。在经化疗药物卡铂诱发的血小板减少症的实验动物大鼠中,同时静脉注射该复合物,可将ＴＰＯ基因特异地导入肝细胞并在其中得到表达。从而有效地阻止了血小板减少症的发生,提示了一种以非病毒感染方式对化疗后血小板减少症进行有效基因治疗的可能前景