H2O2和ABA对干旱高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片sHSPs表达的影响

以玉米脱落酸(ABA)缺失突变体vp5及其野生型Vp5的叶片为材料,分别采用ABA、碘化钾(H2O2清除剂)、钨酸钠(ABA抑制剂)预先处理,对干旱+高温复合胁迫下玉米叶片小热休克蛋白(sHSPs)基因表达进行研究,以确定H2O2和ABA对干旱+高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片sHSPs基因表达的影响。结果显示:(1)与对照和干旱相比,高温、干旱+高温复合胁迫显著诱导了sHSP16.9、sHSP17.2、sHSP17.4、sHSP17.5、sHSP22和sHSP26等6种sHSPs的表达。(2)H2O2清除剂KI和ABA抑制剂钨酸钠预处理,仅略微抑制高温、干旱+高温复合胁迫诱导的6种sHSPs表达。(3)与未用100μmol/L ABA预处理的vp5相比,100μmol/L ABA预处理仅略微提高了高温、干旱+高温复合胁迫诱导的6种sHSPs的表达水平。研究表明,在干旱+高温复合胁迫条件下H2O2和ABA参与了干旱+高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片sHSPs表达,但并无显著影响,暗示了H2O2和ABA不是干旱+高温复合胁迫诱导sHSPs表达的重要调控因子。     

复水对旱后不同玉米品种植株生长恢复能力及其生理响应特性的影响

该研究选用2个抗旱能力相似但旱后恢复能力存在显著差异的玉米品种‘P3’和‘郑单958’为材料,采用盆栽称重控水法在苗期进行干旱及复水处理,通过测定其生长、水分状况、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及叶绿素含量在干旱及复水过程中的变化规律,探讨干旱及复水过程中生理生化响应与旱后恢复能力的关系。结果发现:(1)抗旱性相同的2个玉米品种在干旱复水后的生长恢复能力表现为‘P3’显著强于‘郑单958’。(2)干旱胁迫后,‘郑单958’和‘P3’的叶片相对含水量差异不显著,但‘P3’能维持较高的叶水势、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和叶绿素含量。(3)经干旱胁迫复水后,‘P3’的净光合速率,PSⅡ最大光化学效率和气孔导度恢复速度快于‘郑单958’,说明‘P3’光合损失恢复能力高于‘郑单958’。研究表明,玉米品种‘P3’的旱后复水生长恢复能力较强,因‘P3’在干旱胁迫下能维持较高的Fv/Fm值和叶绿素含量,光系统的损伤较轻,而且复水后也能较快的恢复;在干旱过程中减轻干旱胁迫对植物光合系统的伤害是旱后复水快速恢复生长的基础,而在复水后快速修复光系统损失能够加快植物复水的恢复速度。     

黄瓜幼苗非结构性碳水化合物代谢对干旱胁迫与CO2倍增的响应

以‘津优1号’黄瓜水培幼苗为试材,采用裂区设计,主区设大气CO2浓度(约380μmol·mol-1)和倍增CO2浓度(760±20μmol·mol-1)2个CO2浓度处理,裂区设无干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫3个水分处理(以PEG 6000模拟根际干旱胁迫),研究了黄瓜幼苗非结构性碳水化合物代谢对干旱胁迫和CO2倍增的响应.结果表明:CO2倍增促进了黄瓜叶片中非结构性碳水化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、水苏糖)的积累,降低了渗透势,提高了黄瓜的耐旱性.在干旱胁迫处理过程中,叶片中蔗糖合成酶、可溶性酸性转化酶和碱性转化酶活性先上升后下降;根中可溶性酸性转化酶和碱性转化酶活性则逐渐上升,蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性先上升后下降.CO2倍增提高了蔗糖合成酶的活性而降低了蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性,这两种酶和转化酶相互配合,促进了蔗糖的分解和抑制蔗糖合成,导致己糖积累,从而降低了细胞的渗透势,增强吸水能力.因此,CO2倍增能缓解干旱胁迫造成的不利影响,提高黄瓜的耐旱性,并且这种缓解效应在干旱胁迫严重时表现更为明显.     

沼液施用对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响*

为了探明干旱胁迫下沼液对玉米幼苗抗旱、光合生理、形态的缓解效应,以中度抗旱玉米杂交种‘先玉335’和较强抗旱杂交种‘中单2号’为材料,采用10%聚乙二醇-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究50%沼液根部浇灌处理对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,沼液根部施用可以显著提高两品种玉米的抗旱性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗根系和地上部生长的抑制作用,促进两品种玉米幼苗生长和提高根系活力,降低根冠比,且‘先玉335’的变幅更大;同时显著提高两品种叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性以及可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量(‘中单2号’的CAT除外),降低MAD含量,且对‘中单2号’的影响更显著;沼液根施还可以显著提高干旱胁迫下两品种叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci),但‘中单2号’的Tr和Gs除外,同时使两品种叶片叶绿素含量和水分利用效率(WUE)均显著增加。可见,沼液根施处理可以有效改善干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗的光合能力,显著提高幼苗抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的含量,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,有效缓解干旱胁迫对2种不同抗旱性玉米幼苗的生长抑制,从而增强玉米耐受干旱胁迫的能力,且对‘中单2号’的缓解效果更明显。     

甘蓝型油菜RPD3/HDA1基因家族鉴定及早熟相关基因挖掘

该研究运用生物信息学方法鉴定甘蓝型油菜RPD3/HDA1基因家族,检测了其在‘黔油早2号’和‘中双11’中的表达水平及2个品种在低温(4℃)和ABA胁迫下该家族基因的表达特征,以探讨RPD3/HDA1基因在甘蓝型油菜中的潜在功能,为早熟油菜抗逆性遗传改良提供理论基础和候选基因。结果表明:(1)在甘蓝型油菜全基因组中共鉴定到28个RPD3/HDA1基因,将其命名为BnHDA1~BnHDA28,聚类为4个亚家族,同一亚家族成员的基因结构较为相似;在该基因家族中共检测到16对复制基因,均为片段重复。(2)顺式作用元件预测统计中共发现675个元件与植物激素、环境胁迫和光响应有关。(3)qRT-PCR分析显示,RPD3/HDA1基因在‘黔油早2号’中的表达量均高于‘中双11’;低温胁迫下,‘黔油早2号’和‘中双11’中RPD3/HDA1基因呈差异表达,与‘中双11’相比,RPD3/HDA1基因在‘黔油早2号’中的下调幅度较大;ABA处理后,RPD3/HDA1基因在2个品种中表达模式不一致,‘黔油早2号’中大部分RPD3/HDA1基因表达量较‘中双11’下调幅度小。研究认为,RPD3/HDA1基因可能在油菜开花中发挥调节作用,而且可能通过激素信号通路和防御信号通路参与油菜的生长发育和防御反应的调节。     

百子莲脱水素基因ApY2SK2逆境应答模式及启动子调控功能研究

在百子莲胚性细胞中筛选到对超低温保存复合逆境具有积极响应的保护类蛋白脱水素(ApY_2SK_2),为探明ApY_2SK_2基因在复合逆境中的应答模式,该研究采用染色体步移技术克隆并分析了ApY_2SK_2编码基因上游1 200 bp的启动子序列。结果表明:(1)序列分析显示,该启动子含有多个与逆境和激素诱导相关的顺式调控元件;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,ApY_2SK_2基因的表达具有组织特异性,在百子莲的叶和果中表达量较高,且在多种胁迫处理与ABA激素诱导下,其表达量显著升高。(2)成功构建了5个ApY_2SK_2启动子不同缺失片段驱动GUS基因的融合表达载体,经农杆菌转化、抗性筛选和PCR检测鉴定,获得T_3代纯和转基因拟南芥株系。(3) GUS组织化学染色结果显示,GUS基因在拟南芥幼苗全株、成年苗的叶、花和成熟果实中表达活性较强,但在未成熟果实中无明显表达;烟草瞬时表达结果显示,与对照组相比,在脱水胁迫和ABA处理下的ApY_2SK_2启动子不同缺失片段驱动GUS基因表达具有显著差异。(4)转基因拟南芥GUS活性测定结果显示,ApY_2SK_2启动子MBS元件和ABRE元件可响应干旱与渗透胁迫信号;ApY_2SK_2启动子LTR元件参与低温响应;ApY_2SK_2启动子-1 199～-262 bp区域包含多个串联的ABRE顺式调控元件(-373～-211 bp)对响应ABA信号具有主要调控作用。该研究结果揭示了ApY_2SK_2启动子的组织特异性,且启动子上的关键顺式调控元件对不同的胁迫和激素信号响应具有决定性调控作用。     

种植密度对不同耐密性春玉米基部茎节维管束及根系伤流的影响

选用不同耐密性玉米品种‘郑单958’(密植品种)和‘辽单526’(稀植品种)为材料,设置4个不同的密度水平,分别在拔节期和乳熟期采用徒手切片显微观测基部茎秆内部维管束结构变化,采集茎基部伤流液测定其主要成份含量并计算伤流强度,以期为春玉米的密植高产提供理论依据.结果显示:(1)在拔节期,‘郑单958’维管束结构对密度变化反应相对敏感,而‘辽单526’维管束结构在各密度间并无显著差异;当密度最大时,‘辽单526’伤流强度的下降程度要大于‘郑单958’,但两品种伤流液成分对密度反应无明显变化.(2)在乳熟期,密度对‘郑单958’维管束结构无显著影响,而‘辽单526’在密度增加后维管束结构各指标明显下降且与对照(适宜密度)差异显著;各密度‘郑单958’的伤流强度均大于‘辽单526’,增加密度会提高两品种伤流液中可溶性糖的含量,尤其以‘辽单526’增加更显著.(3)在高于对照密度条件下,两品种的籽粒产量都不同程度低于对照,但‘辽单526’产量降低程度要大于‘郑单958’.研究表明,密植性玉米对密度压力的反应要早于稀植性玉米,其在高密度表现出的适应性也要优于稀植性玉米,这从茎基部的结构和功能上揭示了玉米品种耐密性差异的生理基础.     

互花米草NHX2基因的克隆与功能鉴定

NHX2属于CPA1基因家族,编码Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白,控制液泡膜中活性K~+的摄取,同时调节气孔的关闭。该研究以耐盐植物互花米草为材料,采用PCR技术克隆NHX2基因,并将其转入拟南芥进行相关功能鉴定。结果显示:(1)成功克隆获得互花米草NHX2基因CDS序列(1 602 bp),命名为SaNHX2,该基因编码533个氨基酸,SaNHX2蛋白的分子量约为58.65 kD,定位于细胞核和细胞膜,表明SaNHX2基因可能发挥转录调控的功能。(2) qRT-PCR结果显示,在ABA、NaCl和干旱胁迫处理下,互花米草叶和根中SaNHX2基因的表达量均上调。(3)为进一步鉴定其功能,成功构建植物表达载体,将SaNHX2基因转入拟南芥;经RT-PCR检测结果显示,SaNHX2基因在转基因植株中过表达;高盐胁迫处理后,转SaNHX2基因拟南芥的主根长度、叶绿素总量和相关胁迫应答基因表达量均高于转空载拟南芥,表明转SaNHX2基因拟南芥的耐盐能力显著增强。研究表明,SaNHX2基因可能在盐胁迫调节机制中发挥调控作用,可作为改良农作物耐盐的重要候选基因。     

高温胁迫对‘黄冠’、‘翠玉’梨耐热生理指标及相关基因表达的影响

为探讨高温胁迫对梨树的影响,对2年生‘黄冠’(Pyrus pyrifolia‘Cuiguan’)、‘翠玉’(P.bretschneideri×P.pyrifolia)盆栽苗胁迫后叶片的抗氧化物质、抗氧化酶、渗透物质和激素的变化进行了测定,利用q RT-PCR分析了叶片中抗性基因的表达。结果表明,在高温胁迫下,梨树叶片的叶绿素含量明显下降,而MDA含量则持续上升;梨叶片中的POD和CAT活性总体呈下降趋势,但‘黄冠’的POD和CAT活性均高于‘翠玉’;PRO含量随胁迫时间延长逐渐增加;ASA含量表现出先上升后下降,且‘黄冠’的ASA含量高于‘翠玉’;IAA和ABA含量都随胁迫时间的延长呈下降趋势,但‘黄冠’的IAA和ABA含量比‘翠玉’高。q RT-PCR结果表明,叶片中相关基因的表达量与对应的ASA、IAA和ABA含量变化趋势基本一致。因此,‘黄冠’比‘翠玉’抗高温性能强,且高温处理第4天为‘黄冠’和‘翠玉’梨的生理变化转折点。     

干旱胁迫对不同抗旱性棉花品种抗氧化酶活性及基因表达的影响

为明确不同抗旱性棉花品种对干旱胁迫的适应性差异,该研究选用‘新陆早50号’(耐旱型)和‘新陆早27号’(干旱敏感型)为材料,分析干旱及复水处理下两材料的活性氧产生、电解质渗漏、抗氧化酶活性变化,并分析部分抗氧化酶基因、渗透调节基因和转录因子在干旱胁迫下的表达谱。结果显示:(1)棉花叶片的电导率和MDA含量随着干旱胁迫的加强逐渐增加,复水后恢复;在干旱胁迫处理6和8d,耐旱型品种‘新陆早50号’的抗氧化酶活性显著高于干旱敏感型品种‘新陆早27号’。(2)基因表达谱分析显示,棉花超氧化物歧化酶基因(GhSOD)仅在干旱胁迫下表达,且2个品种间差异不显著,GhBADH、GhNCED和GhP5Cs及转录因子GhPHD1、GhPHD5、GhPHD6和GhPHD10在‘新陆早50号’叶片中的表达量均高于‘新陆早27号’。研究表明,耐旱型棉花品种较干旱敏感型在干旱胁迫下其体内的活性氧含量、电导率和MDA含量较低,抗氧化酶活性较高,并且其抗旱相关基因表达量也更高。     

Transesterification of sunflower oil to biodiesel on ZrO2 supported La2O3 catalyst

ZrO₂ supported La₂O₃ catalyst prepared by impregnation method was examined in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. It was found that the catalyst with 21 wt% loaded La₂O₃ and calcined at 600 °C showed the optimum activity. The basic property of the catalyst was studied by CO₂-TPD, and the results showed that the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was related to their basicity. The catalyst was also characterized by TG–DTA, XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM, and the mechanism for the formation of basic sites was discussed. It was also found that the crystallite size of support ZrO₂ decreased by loading of La₂O₃, and the model of the solid-state reaction on the surface of La₂O₃/ZrO₂ catalyst was proposed. Besides, the influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was investigated.     

Study on the heterogeneous degradation of chitosan with H2O2 catalyzed by a new supermolecular assembly crystal: [C6H8N2]6H3[PW12O40]·2H2O

A new supermolecular assembly crystal, [C₆H₈N₂]₆H₃[PW₁₂O₄₀]·2H₂O (DMB-PWA), was synthesized with phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and 1,2-diaminobenzene (DMB) under hydrothermal conditions and was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. DMB-PWA could effectively catalyze oxidative degradation of chitosan with H₂O₂ in the heterogeneous phase. The optimum degradation conditions were determined by orthogonal tests as follows: amount of chitosan 1.00 g, 30% (wt %); H₂O₂, 3.0 mL; dosage of catalyst, 0.06 g; reaction temperature, 85 °C; and reaction time, 30 min. The water-soluble chitosan with a viscosity-average molecular weight (M_v) of 4900 was obtained under the optimum degradation conditions and was characterized by FTIR, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra (UV-vis DRS), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis.     

胞外ATP对AlCl3诱导的细胞死亡过程中胞内H2O2和Ca2+水平的影响及其生理机制分析

该实验以烟草悬浮细胞 BY 2 为材料,在烟草悬浮细胞中分别加入0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mmol·L^-1AlCl₃,以等体积去离子水处理的悬浮细胞液为对照,并依据前述实验结果选择0.15 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃,分别添加5 mmol·L^-1 DMTU(H₂O₂ 抑制剂)、20 μmol·L^-1CaCl₂、15 μmol·L^-1 LaCl₃(Ca²⁺通道抑制剂)和50 μmol·L^-1 ATP设计多项处理,分析胞外ATP(eATP)对铝离子(Al³⁺)胁迫引起的植物细胞死亡及其胞内H₂O₂、Ca²⁺的影响,以揭示Al³⁺胁迫下植物调节细胞死亡的可能机制,进一步扩展对eATP功能的认知。结果显示：(1)随着 AlCl₃ 胁迫浓度的提高,细胞死亡水平和胞内H₂O₂水平上升,而胞内Ca²⁺和eATP水平则逐渐降低。(2)外援施加H₂O₂抑制剂 DMTU(二甲基硫脲)和Ca²⁺能够有效缓解AlCl₃诱导的细胞死亡水平的上升;而Ca²⁺通道抑制剂LaCl₃(三氯化镧)则加剧了AlCl₃胁迫下的细胞死亡。(3)在AlCl₃胁迫下对细胞添加外源ATP,能够缓解AlCl₃胁迫下胞内H₂O₂水平上升和Ca²⁺水平下降的同时,并显著降低AlCl₃胁迫导致的细胞死亡。研究表明, Al³⁺以剂量依赖的模式提升细胞死亡和细胞内H₂O₂的水平并降低胞内Ca²⁺和eATP水平,AlCl₃诱导的细胞死亡受到H₂O₂和Ca²⁺水平变化的调节,eATP可以通过调节H₂O₂与Ca²⁺水平缓解AlCl₃诱导的细胞死亡。推测Al³⁺胁迫可能通过抑制钙离子通道而破坏了细胞内H₂O₂和Ca²⁺之间的协同关系,外源ATP对Al³⁺诱导H₂O₂上升的缓解作用可能是由于其提升了细胞的抗氧化能力。     

Glucose biosensor based on the room-temperature phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite

The direct immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) on TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite and its application as glucose biosensor were investigated. The room-temperature phosphorescence of TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite can be quenched by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The detection of glucose may be accomplished by monitoring the formation of hydrogen peroxide which generated in the oxidation process of glucose with the catalysis of GOD. To our surprise, by using a 96-hole polyporous plate accessory of fluorescence spectrophotometer, the biosensor exhibits excellent linear response to glucose concentrations ranging from 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ to 1.0 × 10⁻² M with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ M. The TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite can be used as both supporting material and signal transducer. The phosphorescence intensity and color of the biosensor change obviously and even could be observed with naked eyes by continuous addition of glucose. Based on the room-temperature phosphorescence of TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite, a new method of solid substrate-room-temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for glucose determination is proposed. A glucose biosensor was fabricated with wide determination concentration range, low detection limit, high sensitivity, and fast response time. And the biosensor has been successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human blood serum. The coacervation of GOD enzyme and its interaction with TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite enlarge the surface area and enhance the chemical stability of GOD. The nice biocompatibility, large surface area, good chemical stability and nontoxicity of the TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite have made this material suitable for functioning as biosensor.     

MeJA诱导的拟南芥保卫细胞H2O2积累与质膜H+-ATPase的关系

茉莉酸类物质(JAs)作为与昆虫啃噬及损伤相关的植物激素和信号分子在植物防御反应中起重要作用,但是茉莉酸引起的早期防御反应的机理仍不清楚。该研究以拟南芥叶片保卫细胞为材料,结合非损伤微测(NMT)及激光共聚焦技术探讨了茉莉酸诱导的保卫细胞中质膜H+-ATPase与H2O2积累的调控关系。结果表明:茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理导致H+迅速跨膜外排和H2O2积累,H+外排和H2O2积累能够被钒酸钠抑制,而二苯基碘(DPI)处理则对MeJA诱导的H+跨膜外排无显著影响。研究结果证明,在MeJA诱导的早期信号事件中,质膜H+-ATPase的激活先于H2O2的产生。     

Kinetic studies of the reduction of hexaaquacobalt(III) perchlorate by a cobaloxime, [Co(dmgBF2)2(H2O)2]

The reaction of with Co(dmgBF₂)₂(H₂O)₂ in 1.0 M HClO₄/LiClO₄ was found to be first-order in both reactants and the [H⁺] dependence of the second-order rate constant is given by k_2obs = b/[H⁺], b at 25 °C is 9.23 ± 0.14 × 10² s⁻¹. The [H⁺] dependence at lower temperatures shows some saturation effect that allowed an estimate of the hydrolysis constant for as K_a = 9.5 × 10⁻³ M at 10 and 15 °C. Marcus theory and the known self-exchange rate constant for Co(OH₂)₅OH^2+/+ were used to estimate an electron self-exchange rate constant of k₂₂ = 1.7 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ for .     

大庆市6种绿化树种对SO2、NO2的消减及滞尘效应

城市森林在吸收、滞留大气污染物,改善城市生态环境方面具有重要意义。以大庆市6种常见绿化树种为研究对象,采用水洗-滤膜法和熏气试验探究不同树种对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、大颗粒物(PM_>10)、粗颗粒物(PM_3—10)和细颗粒物(PM_1—3)的滞留规律以及对大气中SO₂、NO₂的消减效果。研究结果表明：(1)不同树种的滞尘能力差异显著(P<0.05),对TSP的滞留量从大到小依次为：油松(3.82±0.40)g/m²>红瑞木(1.45±0.12)g/m²>紫丁香(1.22±0.17)g/m²>梣叶槭(1.21±0.13)g/m²>大叶杨(0.93±0.17)g/m²>旱柳(0.54±0.14)g/m²;(2)树种间对不同颗粒物的滞留量具有显著差异(P<0.05),供试树种对不同粒径颗粒物滞留的质量占比表现...     

Antibacterial properties of recombinant human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2

Human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A₂ (hnpsPLA₂) is a group IIA phospholipase A₂ which plays an important role in the innate immune response. This enzyme was found to exhibit bactericidal activity toward Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative ones. Though native hnpsPLA₂ is active over a broad pH range, it is only highly active at alkaline conditions with the optimum activity pH of about 8.5. In order to make it highly active at neutral pH, we have obtained two hnpsPLA₂ mutants, Glu89Lys and Arg100Glu that work better at neutral pH in a previous study. In the present study, we tested the bactericidal effects of the native hnpsPLA₂ and the two mutants. Both native hnpsPLA₂ and the two mutants exhibit bactericidal activity toward Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, they can also kill Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium. The two mutants showed better bactericidal activity for E. coli at neutral pH than the native enzyme, which is consistent with the enzyme activities. As hnpsPLA₂ is highly stable and biocompatible, it may provide a promising therapy for bacteria infection treatment or other bactericidal applications.     

血红蛋白A2现象发生机制的研究——“红细胞HbA2”为HbA2与HbA的结合产物

为了弄清血红蛋白A₂现象的发生机制,我们对“红细胞HbA₂”的化学组成进行了分析。“红细胞HbA₂”的双向电泳结果表明,它含有两种血红蛋白成分:一种相当于HbA,另一种很可能是溶血液HbA₂。其单向二次电泳结果也证明,它是由溶血液HbA₂和HbA所组成。结果初步说明,盘红细胞中HbA₂可能与HbA结合存在。两者可能有相互作用,也许这是产生血红蛋白A₂现象的原因。     

Oligochitosan induced Brassica napus L. production of NO and H2O2 and their physiological function

NO (nitric oxide) and H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) are important signaling molecule in plants. Brassica napus L. was used to understand oligochitosan inducing production of NO (nitric oxide) and H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) and their physiological function. The result showed that the production of NO and H₂O₂ in epidermal cells of B. napus L. was induced with oligochitosan by fluorescence microscope. And it was proved that there was an interaction between NO and H₂O₂ with L-NAME (N^G-nitro-l-arg-methyl eater), which is an inhibitor of NOS (NO synthase) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NO synthesis, and CAT (catalase), which is an important H₂O₂ scavenger, respectively. It was found that NO and H₂O₂ induced by oligochitosan took part in inducing reduction in stomatal aperture and LEA protein gene expression of leaves of B. napus L. All these results showed that oligochitosan have potential activities of improving resistance to water stress.