鼠伤寒沙门氏菌外膜蛋白诱导BALB／C小鼠免疫保护的实验研究

本实验采用超声破碎、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００处理和超速离心技术提取了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Ｓａｌｍｏｎｅｌｌａｔｙｈｉｍｕｒｉｕｍ,ＳＴＭ）的外膜蛋白（Ｏｕｔｅｒｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＯＭＰｓ）,其中脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）的含量约为５％。ＯＭＰｓ经ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ显示１０余条蛋白带。对ＯＭＰｓ诱发ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠产生典型的迟发型变态反应（ＤＴＨ）进行了检测。经腹腔免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠用５００ＬＤ５０鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（５０１１５）攻击,１００％可得到保护;用５００ＬＤ５０伤寒杆菌（Ｅ６８６）攻击     

7.5%氯化钠溶液对失血性低血压狗升压作用的中枢机制

９对狗作头部交叉循环,４对狗作脑交叉循环后,股动脉失血使平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）降至５．３３ｋＰａ左右,维持３０ｍｉｎ。从其中一只狗（Ａ狗）股静脉输入占总失血量１０％的７．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液（实验组）,或生理盐水（对照组）;另一只狗（Ｂ狗）不作任何处理。结果：实验组Ａ,Ｂ两狗动脉血压（ＡＰ）均显著回升,并维持至输液后６０ｍｉｎ,其中收缩压（ＳＰ）回升幅度大于舒张压（ＤＰ）,脉压（ＰＰ）加大。对照组ＡＰ回升值无统计学意义。实验组及对照组心率（ＨＲ）均无明显变化。动脉血红细胞比容皆下降,但其下降值组间比较,Ｐ＞０．０５。实验组Ａ狗血浆钠有意义地增高,Ｐ＜０．０１;Ｂ狗变化同对照组。结果提示：在７．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液恢复失血性低血压的作用机制中,中枢神经系统起重要作用。     

双功能抗体介导的胃癌杀伤效应

将诱变的αＣＤ３杂交瘤（ＴＫ~－）与ＰＤ４杂交瘤（ＨＧＰＲＴ~－）融合,获得分泌双功能抗体（ＢｓＡｂ）的四体杂交瘤Ｃ３．ＢｓＡｂＣ３可分别与ＣＤ３分子及胃癌相关抗原Ｐ４０反应．体外杀伤试验证实,当效靶比为４０：１,ＢｓＡｂＣ３浓度为１ｍｇ／Ｌ时,其杀伤效应可达７７．６％．该杀伤效应具有明显的特异性,仅Ｐ４０阳性表达的靶细胞可被溶解,体内杀伤试验证实,裸鼠接种胃癌细胞后５ｄ,以ＢｓＡｂＣ３活化的外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬｓ）经局部皮下注射处理,可使移植胃癌完全消退（５／５）．这一明显的治疗作用可能与局部注射途径有关,可供临床应用参考．     

米非司酮对大白鼠子宫内膜抗着床作用的组织化学观察

３０只雌性ＳＤ大鼠分为五组,即Ａ组（阴性对照组）,Ｂ组（孕三烯酮阳性对照组１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,Ｃ组（米非司酮实验组,Ｃｌ１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。用组织化学方法观察米非司酮对子宫内膜一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、硷性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性和糖原含量的影响。实验结果显示：ＮＯＳ,ＳＤＨ和ＡＬＰ活性较阴性对照组弱,ＬＤＨ和ＡＣＰ活性较阴性对照组强,糖原含量略低于阴性对照组。     

戊巴比妥钠对小鼠肝脏影响的组织化学研究

实验用健康小鼠３５只,分为正常对照组（Ａ组）５只,１％戊巴比妥钠麻醉组（Ｂ组）１０只,０．８％戊巴比妥钠麻醉组（Ｃ组）１０只,０．４％戊巴比妥钠麻醉组（Ｄ组）１０只。除正常对照组外,其余三组腹腔内注射成巴比妥钠６０分钟后,分别断头取材,取肝右叶,恒冷箱切片,做ＳＤＨ（琥珀酸脱氢酶）、ＬＤＨ（乳酸脱氢酶）、ＣｈＥ（胆碱酯酶）、糖原（ＰＡＳ反应）、实验结果显示大剂量１％戊巴比妥钠组（Ｂ组）,ＳＤＨ、ＣｈＥ的活性和糖原（ＰＡＳ）反应比正常对照组相比显著下降。而ＬＤＨ活性明显增强。其余各组均有相应的变化,提示成巴比妥钠对肝脏的形态和机能有一定程度的损害。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂对慢性乙肝病人细胞免疫功能影响的观察

在应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗慢乙肝期间,重点观察了Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ８）、ＮＫ细胞（ＣＤ（１６））、白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）分泌细胞、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）等细胞免疫指标治疗前后的动态变化,同时观察了病人血内毒素水平的动态变化和乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）与对照组比较,双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使慢乙肝病人ＣＤ３＋,ＣＤ４＋数目明显增多,而对ＣＤ８＋细胞数目无明显影响;（２）双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使ＣＡＨ组的ＣＤ１６＋细胞显著增多（ｐ＜０．０５）;使ＣＡＨ组和ＣＰＨ组的ＩＬ－２分泌细胞均有非常显著和显著增加（分别ｐ＜０．０１和ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）ＣＡＨ组病人血中内毒素和ＴＮＦ水平在双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后,匀出现非常显著降低（ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣＰＨ组ＴＮＦ水平较对照组无显著变化,但内毒素水平较对照组显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）满疗程后（６０天）ＣＡＨ组有６例,ＣＰＨ组有５例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转（分别为２６．０６％和２５．０％）,而对照组仅２例阴转（１３．３３％）,两治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

膜脂的物理状态对G_s激活AC的影响

用生物膜的拆离与重建方法将从牛脑皮层膜中纯化的激活型ＧＴＰ结合蛋白（Ｇｓ）和腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）在含有不同极性头部或不同脂肪酸侧链的磷脂组成的脂质体上重建形成脂酶体,测定脂酶体中ＡＣ的基础活力及Ｇｓ激活ＡＣ的活力。实验结果表明,磷脂影响ＡＣ的基础活力和Ｇｓ激活ＡＣ活力的顺序依次为：ＰＥ＞ＰＳ＞ＰＣ;含不同脂肪酸侧链的混合磷脂对Ｇｓ的激活活力的影响大于含单一脂肪酸侧链的纯磷脂,如ＰＥＤＰＰＥ,ＰＳＤＰＰＳ,ＰＣＤＰＰＣ。含不同脂肪酸侧链的磷脂影响Ｇｓ的活力的顺序为ＤＬＰＣ＞ＤＭＰＣ＞ＤＰＰＣ。用反映磷脂分子的堆积程度的荧光探剂ＭＣ５４０和脂双层的流动性变化的ＤＰＨ以及专一性标记蛋白质巯基（－ＳＨ）基团的荧光探剂ａｃｒｙｌｏｄａｎ的测定结果表明,不同磷脂影响Ｇｓ的活力的差异主要是由于脂质物理状态的不同所致。     

支链氨基酸对心肌缺血大鼠线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的和方法：本文用异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ） 造成大鼠心肌缺血动物模型,观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血时线粒体结构和功能损伤的预防作用。结果：ＢＣＡＡ 能显著降低心肌缺血后心肌线粒体中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ） 水平、维持线粒体模平均微粘度（－η） 、线粒体呼吸链中细胞色素氧化酶及心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。结论：给予ＢＣＡＡ对保护大鼠心肌线粒体的结构和功能免受缺血性损伤具有一定效果     

骤冷与饥饿对小鼠肝脏影响的实验研究

为探讨饥饿及饥饿与骤冷对动物肝脏的影响,本实验用健康昆明种小鼠２５只,随机分成正常组５只,饥饿组１０只,饥饿后再予冷刺激组１０只（下称骤冷组）。采用组织化学及酶组织化学方法观察糖原（ＰＡＳ反应）、ＳＤＨ（琥珀酸脱氢酶）,ＬＤＨ（乳酸脱氢酶）,ＣｈＥ（胆碱酯酶）、Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ（镁激活三磷酸腺苷酶）,ＡＣＰ（酸性磷酸酶）。结果提示：饥饿时肝脏ＰＡＳ反应,ＳＤＨ,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＣｈＥ活性显著下降,而ＡＣＰ活性明显增强;饥饿后骤冷时ＰＡＳ（反应）、ＳＤＨ、ＣｈＥ更显著下降,而ＡＣＰ及Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性反而增强。     

D.radiodurans CatB基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

通过生物信息学方法从耐辐射奇球菌（Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）全基因组居库中查鼠并克隆了编码过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｒｔａｌａｓｅ,Ｃａｔ）的１６１１ｂｐ长ＣａｔＢ基因,将ＣａｔＢ基因连人ｐＫＫ２２３－３表达载体,转化Ｃａｔ酶链陷型大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＵＭ２）。转化菌裂解液ＰＡＧＥ酶活性染色分析实物具有Ｃａｔ酶活性,电泳过移位置与ＣａｔＢ位置相符。Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ ＣａｔＢ基因的表达可使Ｅ．     

Evaluation of Artemisia annua infusion efficacy for the treatment of malaria in Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi infected mice

The efficacy of artemisinin (AR) against malaria has prompted its use as a tea drink in endemic communities. However, there is controversy about its efficacy in this form. Therefore we have investigated the effectiveness of Artemisia annua infusion in infected mice.OF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi were treated for upto 6 days by administration of: water (control group), A. annua infusion (tea group), 0.022 mg AR (AR-equiv. group) and 0.8 mg AR on the first day and 0.4 mg the following day (AR-WHO group).Initially, the parasitaemia increased in all groups. On day 4 it reached 75% in the control group, 72% in the AR-equiv. group, 50% in the tea group and 3% in the AR-WHO group. Mice treated with A. annua tea died after 11 days, while 83% of AR-WHO dose survived.The tea does not decrease the parasitaemia fast enough. We suggest that large clinical trials on human subjects are necessary to ascertain the efficacy of standardized tea. Additionally, other treatment possibilities are suggested.     

γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

目的:研究γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠的抗疲劳作用.方法:采用昆明种小鼠游泳力竭实验,实验动物分为γ-氨基丁酸茶高、中和低实验组及空白对照组,分别检测游泳力竭时间,测定小鼠血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原,血清BUN、LDH、CK、SOD、MDA、GSH-PX,以及游泳前后的血乳酸.结果:γ-氨基丁酸茶对小鼠的实验期间的体重无明显影响.力...     

Determination of biogenic amines in infusions of tea (Camellia sinensis) by HPLC after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl)

The reagent 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) was used for the pre-column derivatization of the biogenic amines (BAs) cadaverine (Cad), histamine (Him), octopamine (Ocp), phenylethylamine (Pea), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), tyramine (Tym) and the internal standard 1,6-diaminohexane (Dhx). The resulting Fmoc-derivatives were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on a Superspher^? C₁₈ column using a binary gradient generated from sodium acetate and acetonitrile. For quantification, the fluorescence of derivatives was used at 263?nm excitation and 313?nm emission wavelength. This approach was applied to free BAs extractable with boiling water from 14 black, 5 green, 1 Oolong, and 1 instant tea. Infusions were prepared by adding 35?ml boiling water to one gram of tea and extracted for 20?min. In the Oolong tea and two black teas, no BAs could be detected. Limits of detection were 0.07–1.0?pmol for BAs at signal-to-noise ratio 3:1. Besides most abundant Tym and Spm lower quantities of Pea, Put, and Spd were detected, albeit not in all teas. Quantities of Tym ranged from 16 to 431?μg Tym/L infusion (1.1–25.3?μgTym/g tea) and 31 to 319?μg Spm/L infusion (1.5–16.9?μg Spm/g tea). In none of the teas, Him was detected. Owing to the low amounts of free BAs in tea infusions, no health risks are to be expected even on consumption of large quantities of tea as beverage.     

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FACTORS ON SENSORY ATTRIBUTES, OVERALL ACCEPTANCE AND PREFERENCE OF ROOIBOS (ASPALATHUS LINEARIS) TEA

Effects of serving size, gender, age, tea type, tea‐making technique and water quality on the sensory attributes (appearance, aroma and taste), overall acceptability and preference of Rooibos tea were investigated. In general, there were significant effects of age and main factor interactions on the attributes and product acceptability (P ≤ 0.05). The interaction of serving size, gender and age affected the acceptability of Rooibos (P ≤ 0.05). Although there was significant difference between natural and vanilla‐flavored tea in terms of color, clarity, odor and taste (P ≤ 0.05), no difference was observed in the product acceptability (P > 0.05). The tea‐making technique only affected the odor, with traditionally brewed tea having lower intensity scores than the infused tea. The tea prepared using natural spring water was found to be clearer and had higher acceptability scores than the tea prepared using tap water (P ≤ 0.05). There was no existing significant preference for the natural Rooibos over the vanilla‐flavored one, and the traditionally brewed tea over the infused one; however, the tea prepared using the spring water was preferred over the one prepared using tap water.     

Hyaluronan affects extravascular water in lungs of unanesthetized rabbits

We have determined whether changes in lung hyaluronan content affect extravascular water in lungs of unanesthetized rabbits. Three groups of experiments were performed. In group 1 (n = 12), no infusions were given; in group 2, nine pairs of rabbits received either intravenous hyaluronidase (750 U.kg-1.min-1) or an equivalent volume of saline; in group 3, nine pairs of rabbits received either hyaluronidase or saline, followed by intravenous saline infusion amounting to 24% of body weight. At the end of each experiment, one lung was analyzed for extravascular lung water by the wet-dry method. Except for group 3, in all animals the other lung was analyzed for hyaluronan content by a method that involved hydrolyzing lung hyaluronan with fungal hyaluronidase to release reducing N-acetyl glucosamine groups, which were quantified. In group 1, lung hyaluronan, which varied from 50 to 159 micrograms/g dry wt (mean 106 +/- 35 micrograms/g dry wt), significantly correlated with variation in extravascular lung water (mean 4.2 +/- 0.3 g/g dry wt). In group 2 rabbits given hyaluronidase, lung hyaluronan was 40% lower and extravascular lung water was 14.6% lower than in paired controls (P less than 0.01). In group 3, volume expansion did not affect lung water, except after hyaluronidase when lung water was 47% higher than paired controls. We conclude that in the lung the content of hyaluronan is one of the determinants of extravascular water content.     

拟除虫菊酯类农药对茶树害虫的生物活性与残留降解

本文报道了溴氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、杀灭菊酯、功夫菊酯和二氯苯醚菊酯等七种拟除虫菊酯类农药对茶树主要害虫的杀虫效果和在茶树叶片上的降解动态试验结果.上述七种拟除虫菊酯类农药对鳞翅目茶树害虫的幼虫都具有极高的毒力,但对其他害虫的活性谱则表现有差异.它们在茶树芽梢上的降解速率常数为0.20—0.28天^-1,在茶树上的半衰期为2.5—3.5天,明显较有机磷农药稳定.在影响降解的因素中,挥发、热分解、雨水淋洗的作用不大,由茶梢生长稀释所起的作用较为明显.鲜叶中的农药残留在加工过程中的降解率为15—45%,平均20%,远低于有机磷农药.成茶中的残留农药在泡茶过程中由于他们的低水溶性,因此浸出率很低,一般仅有1—4.5%.     

Green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols) prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: an ex vivo study in humans

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays crucial roles in atherogenesis. We previously reported that green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols), especially epigallocatechingallate (EGCg) and epicatechingallate, exerted potent inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation in vitro. To examine whether intake of green tea polyphenols renders LDL resistant to ex vivo oxidation in humans, 22 male volunteers aged between 22 and 32 years were recruited and assigned the same dietary regimen for 2 weeks. After a 1-week baseline period, they were equally divided into two groups: control and tea. The tea group ingested 300 mg of green tea polyphenol extract twice daily for 1 week. Plasma EGCg concentration at the end of the experiment was 56 nmol/L on average (56% in free form) in the tea group; no EGCg was detected before the experiment. Plasma concentrations of lipids, ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and lipid peroxides did not change before and after the experiment in either group, but beta-carotene was higher in the tea group (P< 0.01 by paired Student'st-test). LDL (0.1 mg/mL) was incubated with 5 microM Cu(2+) and the oxidation was measured by absorbance at 234 nm. The lag time was significantly prolonged by 13.7 min in the tea group (P < 0.05 by paired Student'st-test, before versus after), whereas such a change was not observed in the control group. These results suggest that daily consumption of seven to eight cups (approximately 100 mL each cup) of green tea may increase resistance of LDL to in vivo oxidation, leading to reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.     

Polyphenols as potential indicators for drought tolerance in tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Plant polyphenols have gained prominence in quality of plant products and in human health. An experiment was conducted to determine the association of tea polyphenols with water stress and their suitability as indicators for drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted in a 'rain-out' shelter, and consisted of six tea clones (BBK 35, TRFK 6/8, TRFK 76/1, TRFK 395/2, TRFK 31/30, and TRFK 311/287) and four levels of soil water contents (38, 30, 22, and 14% v/v), which were maintained for a period of 12 weeks. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Plant growth was monitored over 6 weeks, and a water stress index was calculated to determine water-stress tolerant clones. Total polyphenols in tea shoots was analyzed and a regression analysis done. The results indicate that declining soil water content (SWC) reduced both growth and content of polyphenols in tea. Tolerant clones maintained a high polyphenol content at low SWC, and also showed less fluctuation in phenolics when subjected to changes in SWC. There was significant (P<0.001) correlation of total polyphenol content with shoot growth and WSI of tea, and a linear relationship (r2=0.97) between SWC for tea and both, water stress index and shoot polyphenol content. We report that there is a potential to use polyphenols as indicators for selection of drought-tolerant tea cultivars.     

Effects of long-term ingestion of white tea on oxidation produced by aging and acute oxidative damage in rats

The infusion tea extracted from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis can be used in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, while adriamycin (ADR) is an anticancer drug that increases oxidative stress in cells. The present study evaluated the protective effect of the long-term consumption of white tea used at two different doses against the oxidative stress produced by aging and acute oxidation caused ADR treatment. At wearing, rats received distilled water (control), or 0.15 (dose 1) or 0.45 mg (dose 2) of solid tea extract/kilogram body weight in their drink. At 12 months, about half of the rats of each group were injected with a bolus of ADR, and six rats of the control group with an injection of saline solution and sacrificed. The rest of the animals continued in their cages until 24 months of age, when they were sacrificed. Lipid and protein oxidation of liver and brain microsomes was analyzed by measuring hydroperoxide and carbonyl levels. White tea consumption for 12 months at a non-pharmacological dose was seen to reverse the oxidative damage caused by ADR in both liver and brain, while the consumption of white tea for 20 months at a non-pharmacological dose had no effect on carbonyl or hydroperoxides in these tissues. The long-term ingestion of white tea protected tissues from acute oxidative stress but did not affect chronic oxidative agents such aging.