优秀体操运动员的指纹研究

本文通过对200名汉族体操运动员在指纹类型、纹型组合和总指嵴数等3大指标的观察、统计、对比、分析后发现, 优秀体操运动员和一般体操运动员间存在着一定的群体差异, 如优秀组左右手中指、右手食指和无名指上Wd; 大拇指Lu/Ws、中指Wd/Wd、小指的Ws/ws组合; 单手五指纹型中, 左手03011、右手01022组合; 十指纹型中, 07003和05032组合均明显多, 左右手指嵴数量对称性较好等特点, 为运动员选材又提供了一个方面的参考。     

鄂温克族与鄂伦春族的群体遗传学研究(续)

本次调查采印了645名鄂温克族和424名鄂伦春族中、小学生和部分牧民、猎民的指纹和掌纹。观察了各型指纹出现率、指纹总嵴数、atd角和掌褶纹等指标。 1.各型指纹出现率 弓(A)、尺侧箕(L~u)、桡侧箕(L~r)和斗(W)的出现频率见表11。额左旗和陈旗鄂温克人中斗多于箕,与汉族相似。有些指纹型在某个手指上较为多见,在汉族中斗在环指     

中国人群肤纹的主成分分析

近年来 ,我国学者多将中国人群分为南、北两大类群。作者对我国 5 9个人群的肤纹进行主成分分析。结果表明 ,根据肤纹特征 ,可将中国人分为 6个族群 ,除北方族群、南方族群外 ,存在着新疆族群与西藏族群。新疆族群与北方族群相比 ,斗型率低 ,尺箕、桡箕率高 ,小鱼际区与指间区Ⅱ、Ⅲ真实花纹率高。西藏族群斗型率高、尺箕率低。北方族群与南方族群相比 ,指纹嵴线总数、小鱼际区与指间区Ⅲ真实花纹率高。此外 ,还存在南北族群间的过渡族群与南北混合族群。 8个汉族人群未能聚集 ,分散于各族群中。这表明 ,汉族与少数民族间、南北方民族间存在着肤纹基因的交流。将中华民族分为南北两大类群的观点可能过于简单化了。     

210例糖尿病患者的皮纹学研究

本文报告了210例糖尿病患者皮纹的11个参数,与对照组相比,各型男患者的足底(足母)趾球区纹型中,三角斗形纹均显著增多;NIDDM型男女患者atd角显著变小;NIDDM型女患者通贯手出现率显著增高;NIDDM型女患者主线C走向I_3的百分率显著增高;各型女患者的指纹中斗形纹出现率显著增高,而尺箕著减少。     

我国优秀散打运动员与几种疾病患者的手纹比较研究

通过对我国优秀散打运动员的手纹与几种疾病患者的手纹研究结果进行比对。发现我国优秀散打运动员手纹和胃癌、肺癌、食管癌患者的手纹特征相似,其斗型纹(W)增加和尺箕(Lu)减少的发展趋势一致。用统计学方法对相关指标数据分析,均与参照组、对照组具有显著性差异。建议优秀散打运动员合理饮食,重视预防以上恶性病变的发生。     

遗传性共济失调症家系手纹分析

本文报道了河南省永城县一遗传性共济失调症家系(汉族)的手纹,收集到手纹样本70人,与汉族正常人比较,该家系尺箕偏低,弓型纹较高(P<0.01);掌褶普通型少,而通贯型和过渡I型多(P<0.01);atd角偏大;指三叉c主线至7、9区者出现率高(P<0.01)。     

湖南苗族、侗族5项人类群体遗传学特征的调查

对湖南苗族、侗族共648例的5项人类群体遗传学特征(利眼、足趾长、起步类型、耳耵聍、指甲型)进行了调查。结果显示:1)两个民族的多数人属于右利眼、拇趾长于二趾、左起步、干型耵聍和长形指甲;2)两个民族的左利眼出现率和拇趾长于二趾的出现率高于国内多数人群;3)足趾长出现率存在明显的民族间差异;苗族利眼和方形指甲出现率均表现出明显的民族内性别差异;4)5项特征间的相关关系不明显。     

长期高氟环境对肤纹的影响

本文对 32 2例高氟区人群的肤纹进行了分析 ,并与正常对照组及缺碘区人群作了比较。结果表明 :高氟区人群的肤纹参数与正常对照组有明显的差异 ,其中尺箕纹 (Lu)、变异型掌褶等项参数高于对照组 (P<0 0 1 ) ;而斗型纹 (W )、TFRC、TH I1 、I4区真实花纹出现率低于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。高氟区人群的Lr 出现率、TFRC、变异型掌褶及掌部真实花纹出现率等指标与缺碘区人群基本相似。作者认为 ,长期高氟环境可能对居地人群遗传性状产生影响 ,肤纹出现的差异是其表达形式 ,同一地区人群遗传性状的差异可能与外环境微量元素的摄入水平有一定关系。     

艺术体操运动员局部体位及体操毯的真菌群落组成分析

艺术体操运动员的手掌、足部（包括足跟和足尖-鞋腔）、以及体操毯的真菌群落组成是否存在潜在的卫生安全隐患,目前国内尚未见研究报道。本研究对37位艺术体操运动员手掌、足跟、和足尖-鞋腔以及体操毯进行了运动场现场采样,通过高通量测序、宏基因组分析、FUNGuild平台功能注释等进行研究分析。研究结果表明,在艺术体操运动员脚尖鞋腔中存在较多人体潜在的病原真菌,其优势属为常见皮肤真菌,如迈氏酵母Meyerozyma、毛癣菌Trichophyton和谷氏酵母属Guehomyces等,同时也存在新兴病原真菌,如皮假黑粉菌Coniosporium epidermidis和萨氏曲霉Aspergillus sydowi等。在体操毯中常见的皮肤真菌类群虽未被发现,但一类新兴病原真菌链格孢属Alternaria的相对丰度竟达到了50.90%,它们都在一定程度上会引起公共卫生的安全问题。     

川南地区毛竹和林下植被芒箕细根分解特征

揭示竹林与其林下植被细根单独和混合分解特征,探讨竹林细根与其林下植被细根之间相互影响的潜在机制,为毛竹林林下植被的合理经营管理提供理论参考。采用原位分解袋法研究了四川长宁毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)与林下植被芒箕(Dicranopteris pedata)细根分解和养分释放过程,试验周期为1年。结果表明(1)毛竹和芒箕细根初始化学组分有着明显差异,碳(C)含量、碳氮比(C/N)和碳磷比(C/P)毛竹显著高于芒箕(P0.05),而氮(N)含量、磷(P)含量和氮磷比(N/P)均芒箕高于毛竹(P0.05)。(2)毛竹和芒箕细根分解系数(k)分别为0.66±0.04和0.42±0.41,毛竹细根分解速率显著高于芒箕;土壤温度与分解速率呈显著正相关,是影响细根分解速率的关键环境因子。(3)毛竹和芒箕细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)养分释放均表现为净释放,毛竹细根碳(C)释放速率高于芒箕,但细根氮(N)和磷(P)释放率均低于芒箕。(4)混合分解的实测值和期望值对比结果表明毛竹和芒箕细根混合对分解速率和磷(P)元素的释放没有显著影响,但显著促进了碳(C)元素的释放,抑制了分解初期氮(N)元素的释放。毛竹与林下植被芒箕单独细根分解和养分释放特征均表现不同;细根混合分解速率无显著混合效应,但养分释放的混合效应表现出不同阶段性和不同方向(正或负),说明林下植被通过影响细根养分释放而影响竹林生态系统的养分循环。     

The frequency of fingerprint type in parents of children with Trisomy 21 in Japan

Analysis of the frequency data of each fingerprint type (arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, and whorl) of the parents of children with Trisomy 21 (Fathers: 71; Mothers: 128) born between 1965 and 1970 obtained from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital was carried out. Japanese controls were taken from dermatoglyphics data in Japan. We conducted the Friedman test on each type of fingerprint between Japanese controls and parents of Trisomy 21 children.Results from a statistical analysis based on the above data showed significant differences, more arches (p < 0.0001) and fewer whorls (p < 0.05) in mothers of children with Trisomy 21. Among fathers of Trisomy 21 children, a significant difference was found in there being fewer whorls (p < 0.05) and ulnar loops (p = 0.06). Considering the mothers' fingerprints, we suspected that females with a higher frequency of arches and a lower frequency of whorls had a stronger possibility of bearing Trisomy 21 babies. On the other hand, in fathers of Trisomy 21 children, we considered that there would be a possibility of significant differences if cases in the sample were increased.     

Facial hair whorls (trichoglyphs) and the incidence of motor laterality in the horse

Several species demonstrate obvious motor laterality (sidedness, handedness) in their motor function. Motor laterality in the horse affects locomotion and subsequently equine performance during training and may have inherent safety implications for equitation. Some of the most commonly used identification features in the horse are hair whorls (trichoglyphs), since their specific location and character vary to some degree in every horse. We investigated the relationship between the hair flow of single facial hair whorls and the incidence of lateralised motor bias in 219 horses when under saddle in ridden work. The horses exhibited significant differences in motor preferences with 104 left-lateralised (LL) horses, 95 right-lateralised (RL) horses compared to only 20 well-balanced (WB) horses (chi(2)=36.9, d.f.=2, P<0.01). There was also a significant difference in the frequency distribution of single facial hair whorl patterns in the horses consisting of 114 horses with counter-clockwise (CC) whorls, 82 horses with clockwise (C) whorls and 23 horses, which had radial (R) whorls (chi(2)=38.87, d.f.=2, P<0.01). Overall there was a statistically significant association between motor behaviour and facial hair whorl patterns in the horses (chi(2)=69.4, d.f.=4, P>0.001). The RL horses had significantly more C facial hair whorls and the LL horses had significantly more CC facial hair whorls than would be expected purely by chance alone (P<0.05). The findings may provide trainers with a useful tool when attempting to identify simple, non-invasive and reliable predictors of motor laterality in the horse. Furthermore, given that efficient targeted training of performance horses during ridden work may produce WB equine athletes, the findings could assist trainers when designing individual-specific training programmes for young horses.     

Digital dermatoglyphics of 107 Bengalis.

I analyzed the finger prints of 59 male and 48 female unrelated Bengalis in a rehabilitation camp of Dacca, Bangladesh. The most common pattern type in the Bengalis was the ulnar loop (53%), then whorls (40%); arches (5%) and radial loops (2%) were the least common. Radial loops occurred most frequently on the index fingers. I have shown the arch/whorl, whorl/loop, and pattern intensity indices, and I have presented ridge counts by individual digits and by total digital ridge count. Digital dermatoglyphics in the male Bangladeshis were similar to previous findings in male Brahmins of Bengal. However, there were more whorls and arches, fewer loops, and a higher mean total digital ridge count in the female Bangladeshis than in female Brahmins.     

A note on hair whorl position and cattle temperament in the auction ring

The objective of this study was to further describe the relationships between facial hair whorls and temperament in cattle. Cattle (n=1636) from six commercial cattle auctions in Colorado and Texas were observed. Whorl location was classified according to lateral position (left, right, or middle) and height (high: above the top of the eye, middle: at eye level, low: below the bottom of the eye). A 4-point temperament score was used to rate each animal while it was in the auction ring. Cattle with a score of 1 remained calm and stood still or walked around, and those with a score of 4 were highly agitated and hit the ring fence, walls, partitions, or people with its head. The cattle observed were 75% Bos taurus beef breeds, 21% Holstein dairy cattle, 3% Bos indicus beef breeds, and 1% non-Holstein dairy breeds. Ten percent of cattle surveyed had no facial hair whorl, while 86% had a single spiral hair whorl, of which 47% had middle-middle whorl placement. Animals with a high whorl position or no hair whorl had higher temperament scores (P=0.01). Cattle with low whorls were more likely to have greater lateral displacement of whorls off of the centerline than cattle with high or middle whorls (P<0.01). Abnormally shaped whorls were more common on cattle with low whorls (P<0.01) and on cattle with lateral whorls located off of the centerline (P<0.01). Cattle with hair whorls on the centerline had more variable temperament scores (P=0.04). Beef cattle had more abnormal whorls than Holsteins (P<0.01). Temperament scores showed that Holsteins were calmer than beef cattle (P<0.01). Facial hair whorls in cattle may be a useful management tool in assessing which animals may become disturbed in novel environments.     

青城细辛的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了青城细辛（Asarum splendens）的花器官发生过程。青城细辛的花器官为轮状结构,向心发生,依次为两轮3基数的花被原基,两轮6基数的雄蕊原基和一轮6基数的心皮原基。两轮花被原基互生,只有外轮（先发生的一轮）花被原基完全发育,而内轮（后发生的一轮）花被原基在发育过程中逐渐退化。两轮雄蕊原基为离心发生：位于内侧的一轮雄蕊原基先发生,每两个原基正对第一轮发生的花被原基,外侧的一轮雄蕊原基后发生,与内轮雄蕊原基互生。心皮与内侧的一轮雄蕊互生。     

青城细辛的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了青城细辛(Asarum splendens)的花器官发生过程。青城细辛的花器官为轮状结构,向心发生,依次为两轮3基数的花被原基,两轮6基数的雄蕊原基和一轮6基数的心皮原基。两轮花被原基互生,只有外轮(先发生的一轮)花被原基完全发育,而内轮(后发生的一轮)花被原基在发育过程中逐渐退化。两轮雄蕊原基为离心发生:位于内侧的一轮雄蕊原基先发生,每两个原基正对第一轮发生的花被原基,外侧的一轮雄蕊原基后发生,与内轮雄蕊原基互生。心皮与内侧的一轮雄蕊互生。     

FLORAL DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCHARIS MORSUS-RANAE (HYDROCHARITACEAE)

In both male and female flowers of H. morsus-ranae the primordia of the floral appendages appear in an acropetal succession consisting of alternating trimerous whorls. In the male flower a whorl of sepals is followed by a whorl of petals, three whorls of stamens, and a whorl of filamentous staminodes. The mature androecial arrangement therefore consists of two antisepalous stamen whorls, an antipetalous whorl of stamens, and antipetalous staminodes. Shortly before anthesis, basal meristematic upgrowth between filaments of adjacent whorls produces paired stamens, joining Whorls 1 and 3, and Whorl 2 with the staminodial whorl. A central domelike structure develops between the closely appressed filaments of the inner stamen and staminodial whorl, giving the structure a lobed appearance. After petal inception in the female flower a whorl of antisepalous staminodes develop, each of which may bifurcate to form a pair of staminodes. During staminode development a girdling primordium arises by upgrowth at the periphery of the floral apex. The girdling primordium rapidly forms six gynoecial primordia, which then go on to produce six free styles with bifid stigmas. Intercalary meristem activity, below the point of floral appendage attachment, leads to the production of a syncarpous inferior ovary with six parietal placentae. The styles and carpels remain open along their ventral sutures. During the final stages of female floral development, several hundred ovules develop along the carpel walls, and three nectaries develop dorsally and basally on the three antipetalous styles.     

Cell fate in the development of the Arabidopsis flower

The Arabidopsis flower consists of four concentric whorls of organs. The first (outermost) whorl consists of four sepals and the fourth (innermost) whorl is made up of two carpels. Cell fate in the first and fourth whorls was studied using X-ray-induced yellow ch-42 sectors. Sector boundaries were found to be non-random around the two whorls and four generalizations relating the marked and unmarked tissues were deduced. In the sepal and carpel whorls the smallest sectors of marked and unmarked tissue were found to be one half of a sepal and one half of a carpel, respectively. A detailed frequency-distance map of the floral primordium was made and found to be a ridge with the fourth whorl carpels at the summit and the first whorl transverse sepal pair at the base. Consideration of: the rate of loss of chimerism in the inflorescence meristem, the frequency-distance across the flower and the frequency-distance between successive flowers, was used to produce an abstract model of the inflorescence meristem.     

Quantitative genetics of stamen number in the selfing Scleranthus annuus (Caryophyllaceae)

Heritability of stamen fertility—different scores were given to sterile stamens developed to different degrees as well as to fertile stamens with one or two pollen sacs—was studied in Scleranthus annuus (Caryophyllaceae), a selling annual that shows extensive phenotypic variation in stamen fertility. Variation within and among 172 maternal families, derived from plants representing 20 natural populations from southern Sweden, was used to estimate heritabilities of stamen fertility for stamens/staminoids at each of the ten stamen positions in the flower. The hierarchical design of the study allowed partitioning of variation at four levels of organization using nested analysis of variance. Heritabilities ranged from 0.631 to 0.714 for stamen positions in the outer whorl of stamens and from 0.235 to 0.555 for positions in the inner whorl. When stamen fertility was pooled across all stamen positions of a flower, the heritability was 0.807. The nested ANOVA indicated that stamen positions in the outer whorl have comparatively higher proportions of among-family and among-population variation than those in the inner whorl. Furthermore, highly significant genetic correlations exist among stamen positions within the inner whorl and among positions within the outer whorl, but not so between positions from each of the two whorls.     

Grip preference, dermatoglyphics, and hand use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

This paper examined the association between grip type, hand use, and fingerprint patterns in a sample of captive chimpanzees. Grip type for simple reaching was assessed for the left and right hand and classified as thumb-index, middle-index, or single-digit responses. Fingerprint patterns were characterized as whorls, loops, or arches on each finger. The results indicated that chimpanzees exhibit significantly more thumb-index responses for the right compared to the left hand. In addition, thumb-index responses were more prevalent for subjects that had a whorl compared to a loop or arch on their thumb. The results suggest that fingerprint patterns are associated with individual differences in grasping type in chimpanzees as well as some variation in hand use.