叶苔属Jungermannia (Hepaticae,Jungermanniaceae) 3个不合法命名的订正

本文订正了叶苔属(Jungermannia) 3个非法命名多萼叶苔(J. polycarpa Gao et Bai)、疏叶叶苔 (J. laxifolia Gao)和矮株叶苔(J. brevicaulis Gao &; Bai);其正确命名分别为多萼叶苔(Jungermannia multicarpa C. Gao et J. Sun)、疏叶叶苔(Jungermannia sparsofolia C. Gao et J. Sun)和贡山叶苔(Jungermannia gongshanensis C. Gao et J. Sun)。     

中国合叶苔属(Scapania)两个新记录种

报道了于我国四川发现的苔类植物合叶苔属(Scapania)的中国2个新记录种：兜瓣合叶苔(Scapania cuspiduligera(Nees)K.Muell．)和长叶合叶苔(Scapania glaucocephala(Tayl)Aust．)。     

圆叶疣叶苔（Horikawaella rotundifolia C. Gao et Y.J. Yi）雌株的首次发现

首次发现圆叶疣叶苔Horikawaella rotundifolia C.Gao et Y.J.Yi雌株,并对该种进行了完整描述。从雌株的特征来看,疣叶苔属在叶苔科内具有特殊的系统位置。圆叶疣叶苔为中国特有种,本次研究将其分布范围由云南扩大至四川。     

大叶苔属大陆新发现及棕色原丝薛中国新记录

作者在研究中国西南地区苔藓植物时, 发现了中国大陆一新记录属一大叶苔属(Scaphophyllum), 并首次报导了大叶苔(S. speciosum(Horik.)Inoue)的孢子体. 同时发现了中国藓类植物一新记录种一棕色原丝藓(Tetrodontium browniamum(Dicks.)Sohwaegr.).     

九龙大雾山的叶附生苔类植物

九龙大雾山已知叶附生苔类植物有5科10属12种,其中有5属6种,即双齿护蒴苔、小叶拟大萼苔、东亚指叶苔、四齿异萼苔、双齿异萼苔和台湾角鳞苔,均为我国叶附生苔类的新记录。     

大叶苔属大陆新发现及棕色原丝藓中国新记录

作者在研究中国西南地区苔藓植物时,发现了中国大陆一新记录属－大叶苔属,并首次了报导了大叶苔的孢子体,同时发现了中国藓类植物一新记录种－棕色原丝藓。     

苦苣苔科一新种——闽西异叶苣苔

作者于2020年在福建长汀进行林木种质资源调查时发现了一种苦苣苔科异叶苣苔属植物,经过2年多次跟踪调查鉴定,确认为苦苣苔科一新种——闽西异叶苣苔(Whytockia minxiensis),并提供了该新种的描述和图片资料。闽西异叶苣苔子房2室,雌蕊柱头椭圆形,叶背密被短柔毛,花萼具毛,可与相近种台湾异叶苣苔(Whytockia sasakii)区分。模式标本存放于福建农林大学林学院标本馆(FJFC)。     

河北省苔类植物新纪录属的研究——Ⅰ.耳叶苔属(Frullania Raddi)

在研究标本和文献的基础上,对河北省苔类植物新纪录属--耳叶苔属Frullania Raddi进行了首次报道,其中包括达乌里耳叶苔F. davurica、达乌里耳叶苔凹叶变种F. davurica var. concava、石生耳叶苔F. inflata、盔瓣耳叶苔F. muscicola、陕西耳叶苔F. schensiana、塔拉大克耳叶苔F. taradakensis、远东耳叶苔F. fauriana和筒瓣耳叶苔F. diversitexta等7种1变种。本文对它们的生境和地理分布作了初步讨论,并编制了河北省耳叶苔属植物的分种检索表。     

中国耳叶苔科-新记录种——本州耳叶苔(Frullania usamiensis)

本文报导了辽宁省首次发现的中国耳叶苔科一新记录种即本州耳叶苔(Frullania usamiensis Steph.)。作者在研究东北耳叶苔科标本过程中,发现了本州耳叶苔,该种原仅在日本和朝鲜有报导,为我国新记录,现报导如下。     

中国塔叶苔属及其新分布

塔叶苔属为１８９４年由Ｆ;ｓｔｅｐｈａｎｉ建立的单种属,即塔叶苔。以前该属在我国的分布仅见于台湾,福建,云南和四川,现见于江西省,为该属植物的新记录。塔叶苔的配子体和孢子体表明,它宜被作为大萼苔科内的一个亚科处理,在亲缘关系上与叉苔目较近。     

Reproductive modes in the epixylic hepatic Anastrophyllum hellerianum

The frequency and dynamics of sexual and asexual reproduction were investigated in a dioecious epixylic hepatic, Anastrophyllum hellerianum, which has declined in recent decades in Finland as a consequence of forestry practices. In our investigation asexual reproduction by gemmae was the dominant mode of reproduction and specialised gemmiparous shoots were present in all colonies studied. The proportions of dead shoots were considerably higher among sex-expressing than among non-sexexpressing shoots. Our results suggest that lower reproductive investment is required for asexual than for sexual reproduction. For instance, no trade-off is detected between asexual reproduction and survival of the gemmiparous shoots in A. hellerianum. Sexual reproduction occurred only in 12% of the colonies and it was promoted by the following factors: medium shoot density, high proportion of sex-expressing shoots, an even sex ratio and very short distances between individuals representing opposite sexes. The ratio of dead males to dead females was significantly female-biased, which suggests higher mortality among female shoots. At the level of individual shoots, more spores than gemmae were produced. However, as a consequence of the low frequency of sporophyte-bearing shoots, gemma production highly exceeded spore production at the colony level. Furthermore, cultivation tests of the propagules showed that gemmae germinate faster than spores.     

Demographic population structure of a leafy epixylic hepatic Anastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees ex Lindenb.) R.M.Schust

Understanding the population processes is central when assessing proper conservation acts, especially in the case of species which inhabit temporal and patchy substrates, such as decaying wood. In epixylic bryophytes, however, only little is known of the demographic population structure and within-population dynamics. In this study on a leafy epixylic hepatic, Anastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees ex Lindenb.) R.M.Schust., a set of demographic traits is investigated, including colony area and size, proportions of the sterile, gemmiparous or sexual developmental stages, the shoot size class distribution among the developmental stages, and numbers of asexual propagules present on the shoots. The estimates of mortality are assessed on the basis of the proportions of dead shoots found in the colonies. The size distribution within the developmental stages of this species shows that a certain threshold size is required for both asexual and sexual reproduction. The shoot size is negatively correlated with density, whereas the numbers of asexual gemmae and the proportions of developmental stages are not affected by shoot density. Furthermore, provisional estimates are calculated for the transitions from early developmental stages to reproductively mature stages. The results indicate that the initial phases of the gametophyte development are the most vulnerable.     

Additions to the bryoflora of Réunion Island 3: new and interesting records from the Tropical Bryology Group (British Bryological Society)

Abstract

This contribution is a result of collaborative work based on the fieldwork organized during a workshop of the Tropical Bryology Group on Mascarene bryophytes in September 2008, and also from previous unpublished records of the authors. We add 35 new taxon records (17 mosses and 18 liverworts) as well as five other interesting records for Réunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago). Grimmia austrofunalis Müll. Hal., Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. subsp. magellanicum, Didymodon tectorum (Müll. Hal.) K. Saito, Anastrophyllum revolutum Steph. and Lejeunea exilis (Reinw. et al.) Grolle are reported for the first time for Africa. Syrrhopodon vardei L. T. Ellis, Ceratolejeunea papuliflora Steph. and Xylolejeunea grolleana (Pócs) X.-L. He & Grolle, previously known as endemic from Madagascar, are here recorded for Réunion. The latter species is also illustrated with SEM pictures.     

Dispersal potential of spores and asexual propagules in the epixylic hepatic Anastrophyllum hellerianum

Dispersal ability is of great importance for plants, which commonly occupy spatially and temporally limited substrate patches. Mixed reproductive strategies with abundant diaspore production are favoured in a heterogeneous landscape to ensure successful colonisation at different distances. In bryophytes, long-distance dispersal has been thought to take place primarily by spores, while asexual propagules are important in local dispersal and in the maintenance of colonies. In the present study, we investigated the dispersal potential of two equally sized propagules, sexually formed spores and asexually produced gemmae in the dioecious, epixylic hepatic, Anastrophyllum hellerianum, which inhabits spatially and temporally limited substrate patches. We trapped propagules at different distances (0–10 m) and directions from the source colonies in two experiments: one in a natural habitat within a forest and another involving an artificial set-up in an open habitat. Spore dispersal showed only slight distance dependence both in the open and the forest habitats, presumably as a consequence of wind affecting the dispersal pattern. Gemma dispersal was more strongly distance-dependent in the open habitat than in the forest sites. Considerably more gemmae were deposited during rainy than dry periods, possibly because of the effect of rain drops on gemma release. However, weather conditions had no effect on the dispersal patterns of spores or gemmae. In A. hellerianum, the combination of occasional spore production and practically continuous, massive gemma production facilitates dispersal both on local scale and over long distances. Unlike previously assumed, not only spores but also the asexual propagules may contribute to long-distance dispersal, thus allowing considerable gene flow at the landscape level.     

Hyper-oceanic liverwort species of conservation concern: evidence for dispersal limitation and identification of suitable uncolonised regions

In order to successfully manage and conserve species and plant communities, it is important to have a good understanding of their ecology and distributions. The three liverwort species Anastrophyllum donnianum, Scapania ornithopodioides and Scapania nimbosa, are restricted to the mixed northern hepatic mat community found in the most oceanic parts of north-western Europe. These species are of conservation concern because they are globally rare with strict environmental requirements and a limited dispersal potential, which makes them vulnerable to disturbance and climate change. In this study we used species distribution modelling to (1) predict their potential distribution in Norway (2) to assess whether they are limited by dispersal or suitable climate, (3) identify which climatic factors are most important in determining their distribution and (4) suggest regions for further field based surveys. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models were developed for each species using target-group background data, and five environmental coverage layers. Our results indicate that all three species are limited by dispersal rather than the availability of suitable areas in Norway. In particular, A. donnianum seems to be limited from reaching uncolonised highly suitable areas in northern Norway due to a barrier unsuitable region with insufficient summer rain. S. ornithopodioides is absent from northern Norway despite the presence of highly suitable regions scattered along the coast. The models locate highly suitable areas where conservation measures should be focused when they overlap with known populations. Areas of interest for targeting searches for potentially undiscovered populations are indicated.     

Bryophytes of the northern Yukon Territory,Canada, collected by A. J. Sharp and others

Two hundred and eight taxa of bryophytes, including two hundred and seven species, are reported from extreme northern Yukon. Five hepatic and eighteen moss taxa represent new records for the Yukon, which areAnastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees) Schust.,Scapania degenii Schiffn. in K. Müll.,Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth.,Mannia sibirica (K. Müll.) Frye & Clark,Sauteria alpina (Nees) Nees,Sphagnum orientale Savich,Dicranum spadiceum Zett.,Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt.,Barbula coreensis (Card.) Saito,B. platyneura C. Müll. & Kindb.,Pottia obtusifolia C. Müll.,Splachnum vasculosum Hedw.,Bryum acutiforme Limpr. ex Hag.,B. bimum (Brid.) Turn.,B. intermedium (Brid.) Bland.,B. neodamense Itzigs.,Cinclidium latifolium Lindb.,Timmia comata Lindb. & Arn.,Orthothecium acuminatum Bryhn,Cratoneuron arcticum Steere,Drepanocladus brevifolius (Lindb.) Warnst.,D. intermedius (Lindb.) Warnst., andD. lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. Many of the other collections represent significant extensions of ranges to the arctic sector of the Yukon Territory.     

Failure to Maintain Glycolysis in Anoxic Nerve Terminals

Synaptosomal glycolysis is stimulated eight- to 10-fold when the respiratory chain is inhibited by cyanide or by anoxia. However, the stimulation is transient and after 15 min declines toward the preanoxic rate. The decline is not seen when Ca2+ is absent or when the respiratory chain is inhibited by rotenone. The decline in glycolysis is reversible, is not due to substrate exhaustion, and is the cause, rather than the effect, of lowered synaptosomal ATP/ADP ratios. The failure to maintain glycolysis when the terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain is inhibited may have relevance to the sensitivity of the brain to anoxic damage.     

沙冬青淀粉粒及其与叶绿体发育的关系

沙冬青叶绿体中的淀粉粒一般为１－３个,主要有４种类型。第１种外周部分电子密度较高,中央部分较低,但每个部分的电子密度十分均匀。它们近似椭圆形,附近的类囊体形态正常,结构清晰。第２种电子密度由外向内逐渐变低,多为椭圆形,附近的类囊体较清晰。第３种外周部分的电子密度很高,中央部分不均匀,形状多种多样,附近的类囊体有的不清晰。第４种电子密度很低,十分均匀,形状不规则,附近的类囊体已经解体或正在解体。分析表明,淀粉的形态变化明显与叶绿体发育有关。