几种杀虫剂对热带雨林生态区红火蚁蚁巢和工蚁的灭杀效果

为筛选出适用于云南热带雨林生态区的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren防治药剂,通过7种杀虫剂对红火蚁蚁巢田间灭除效果试验测定。结果表明,20%多杀霉素悬浮剂（SC）、30%螺虫·噻虫嗪悬浮剂（SC）、70%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂（WP）、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂（SC）和1%联苯·噻虫嗪颗粒剂（GR）对红火蚁蚁巢处理效果较好,药后1 d和10 d虫口减退率分别在95%和90%以上。其中10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和1%联苯·噻虫嗪GR可作为红火蚁巢点处置的首选药剂;0.05%茚虫威饵剂（EB）速效性差,但药后10 d虫口减退率上升到86.8%。1.8%阿维菌素乳油（EC）药后1 d和10 d虫口减退率分别为89.3%和81%。这2种药剂可与前5种药剂交替使用。     

三种酰胺类新农药对水稻孕穗期稻纵卷叶螟的防效试验

单季杂交晚稻孕穗期稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée发生不整齐,为害重,在主治药剂氟虫腈即将禁用之际,急需防治高龄幼虫的长效药剂,酰胺类农药是满足这一条件的新一代农药。3种酰胺类农药试验结果,在单季稻孕穗期防治稻纵卷叶螟,20%氟虫双酰胺(WDG)150g/hm2处理速效性与持效性表现最好,药后3d防效达90.3%,药后15d防效高达96.2%;20%氯虫苯甲酰胺(SC)150mL/hm2处理速效性略低于氟虫双酰胺,持效接近,药后3d、15d防效分别达75.2%、91.2%;40%氯虫·噻虫嗪(WDG)120mL/hm2处理速效介于氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺之间,持效略低于前二者,药后3d、15d防效分别为83.2%、88.3%。对照药剂5%氟虫腈(SC)750mL/hm2和90%杀虫单3000g/hm2处理药后3d、15d的防效均低于上述3种酰胺类新药剂。保叶效果以氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺处理最高,药后15d保叶率分别为83.6%和85.0%,二者无显著差异,其次为氯虫·噻虫嗪处理为59.6%,3种酰胺类新药剂保叶效果均显著高于对照药剂氟虫腈和杀虫单。结果表明,3种酰胺类农药孕穗期防治稻纵卷叶螟的药效、持效性和保叶效果均高于当前主治药剂氟虫腈、杀虫单,可在生产上推广应用。     

药剂防治稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的田间效果

为了筛选替代甲胺磷防治稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocismedinalis幼虫的药剂 ,对毒死蜱及其混配剂、氟虫腈 (锐劲特 )及其混配剂等 1 0多种农药进行了防治试验。试验结果表明 ,3 5 %纵卷清 (毒死蜱与乙酰甲胺磷 )可湿性粉剂、3 5 %毒斯威乳油、毒死蜱与敌敌畏混配剂以及高剂量的氟虫腈及其混配剂3 6%雄斯等药剂防治稻纵卷叶螟中高龄幼虫都有较显著的防治效果。 3 5 %纵卷清 80g 667m2 、3 5 %毒斯威 80mL 667m2 等药剂已在生产中大面积应用。在纵卷叶螟发生量大、虫龄偏高情况下 ,应适当增加用药量。     

4种种子处理剂对菜心安全性及保护作用评价

为评价4种种子处理剂对菜心种子的安全性以及对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius)的防治效果和保苗作用,本研究开展了室内、田间安全性试验以及田间保护试验。室内安全性试验结果显示,40%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂、600 g/L吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂、18%噻虫胺种子处理悬浮剂、54%吡虫·氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂用量分别低于5 120、9 600、2 880、7 040 g(a.i.)/100 kg种子时,对菜心种子发芽和生长无影响。田间安全性及保护作用结果显示,40%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂和54%吡虫·氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂保护作用显著,菜心出苗后25 d的株高和鲜重与对照组相比均有增加,且差异显著。结果表明40%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂和54%吡虫·氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂对菜心种子具有较好的安全性,且对菜心苗期有良好的保护作用。     

小麦蚜虫对六种杀虫剂的抗药性及田间药效评价

【目的】为了掌握山东小麦蚜虫对常用杀虫剂的抗药性及田间防治效果,进一步筛选出对小麦蚜虫高效、低毒的药剂品种。【方法】2013-2014年,采用玻璃管药膜法测定了山东省阳谷县和汶上县小麦蚜虫对6种杀虫剂(吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、氧乐果、溴氰菊酯、抗蚜威和氟啶虫胺腈)的抗药性,并于2015年采用田间小区试验的方法在汶上县对8种杀虫剂防治蚜虫田间效果进行了评价。【结果】除了2014年阳谷县禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi种群对高效氯氰菊酯已经产生低水平抗性外,两地区禾谷缢管蚜其他种群和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae对这6种杀虫剂的敏感性均较高,处于敏感水平。田间防治试验结果表明,50%氟啶虫胺腈WG、20%啶虫脒WP、10%吡虫啉WP和50%抗蚜威WP速效性好,药后3 d对麦蚜的防治效果达76.9%~85.6%;50%氟啶虫胺腈WG、20%啶虫脒WP、10%吡虫啉WP、40%氧乐果EC、25%吡蚜酮WP、50%抗蚜威WP和40%毒死蜱EC持效性好,药后7 d对麦蚜的防治效果达80.0%~97.5%;25 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯EC药后7 d对麦蚜的防效仅为74.8%,极显著低于其他药剂。【结论】在小麦生产中,可选用高效低毒的氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、抗蚜威和吡蚜酮对小麦蚜虫进行防治,注意不同类型药剂之间的轮换和交替使用。     

氟虫腈、吡虫啉作为黑翅土白蚁诱杀药剂的效果

毒力测定结果表明,0.025~0.4μg/mL氟虫腈和吡虫啉分别在药后3 d和5 d对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus表现出明显的毒杀效果,氟虫腈和吡虫啉药后1 d的LC50分别为药后5 d的509倍和63.8倍,2种药剂对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀效果均比较缓慢。毒性传递试验表明,0.5μg/g毒沙处理白蚁1 h后,氟虫腈和吡虫啉的致死毒性均可被传毒白蚁传递给受毒白蚁。驱避作用试验表明,50μg/mL氟虫腈对黑翅土白蚁无明显的驱避作用,而50μg/mL吡虫啉对黑翅土白蚁表现出了明显的驱避作用。可见,2种供试药剂中,氟虫腈是较理想的白蚁诱杀药剂。     

三种药剂对早稻二化螟的防效及施药适期探讨

试验结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯虫·噻虫嗪有对二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)有较好的防效和较长的持效,一次施药可兼治多个峰次。20%氯虫苯甲酰胺150mL/hm2、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪120g/hm2和2.15%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐750mL/hm2在二化螟2龄幼虫高峰期施药,药后8d对幼虫防效分别达94.7%、91.2%和91.0%;药后18d的防效依次为99.0%、98.0%、73.2%,氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯虫·噻虫嗪处理防效仍高于药后8d,但甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐处理防效明显下降;药后18d对主峰保苗效果(枯心)氯虫苯甲酰胺和氯虫·噻虫嗪分别为99.0%、98.0%,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐处理偏低,为73.2%。对后峰保苗效果(枯鞘)氯虫苯甲酰胺为84.9%好于氯虫·噻虫嗪处理的69.3%,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的防效仅为7.1%。氯虫·噻虫嗪不同时期施药处理后,主峰卵孵高峰后14d考查,防治效果和保苗效果以卵孵高峰施药最好,其次为2龄幼虫高峰期施药;主峰卵孵高峰后24d考查,主峰卵孵高峰至3龄幼虫高峰施药对主峰均有较好的防效,但对后峰的防效,随着施药时间推迟而提高,但在螟虫重发地区施药过迟,前期的大量枯鞘会影响稻苗生长与分蘖。因此作者建议在二化螟发生量大、后峰数量多地区,采用主峰卵孵高峰和后峰卵孵高峰2次防治对策,在螟虫发生较轻、后峰数量较少或全代发生较为集中地区,可根据当地虫情发生情况,适当推迟施药,达到一次用药,解决全代螟害。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐持效期较短,可根据螟虫发生峰次施用。     

几种药剂及施药方式对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guen e高龄幼虫防治药剂31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME和当地几种常用药剂及不同施药方法对防治效果影响进行试验。结果表明:(1)毒死蜱(48%乐斯本EC)有较好速效性,药后1 d可达理想防效,三唑磷与氟出腈、氟铃脲复配的药剂(31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME、21%氟虫腈.三唑磷EC、15%氟铃脲.三唑磷EC)药后3d才能达到理想防效;(2)药后3d,各处理均达到理想防效,防效依次为31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME1.5L/hm2>31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME1.05L/hm2>21%氟虫腈.三唑磷EC1.5L/hm2>48%毒死蜱EC1.5L/hm2>15%氟虫腈.三唑磷EC1.5L/hm2>15%阿维菌素.毒死蜱EC1.5L/hm2;(3)分虫龄防效统计,药后3d供试药剂对1龄以下(施药时虫龄,后同)幼虫防效均在91%以上,对2~3龄幼虫,31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME保持90%以上的防效,其它处理防效明显下降,对4龄以上高龄幼虫,31%氟虫腈.三唑磷1.5L/hm2细喷雾处理防效仍达95.6%,其它处理防效很低。(4)细喷雾可提高31%氟虫腈.三唑磷ME对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果,尤其是对高龄幼虫,与工农16型1.8mm孔径喷片的常规喷雾相比,1.2mm孔径喷片细喷雾处理药后3 d防效提高5.5%,东方红18型弥雾处理防效提高7.8%,其中,弥雾处理对1~2龄幼虫防效提高4.7%,对4~5龄幼虫防效提高了20.8%。     

苏云金杆菌和三唑磷混剂防治水稻二化螟田间药效

田间药效试验结果表明,剂量为80,100,120和150mL667m2的16%苏·三唑磷悬浮剂对水稻二化螟Chilosappressalis药后20d的防效分别为64.3,74.1,78.3和88.7%,对水稻的保苗效果为96.8%～99.1%。16%苏·三唑磷悬浮剂150mL667m2对二化螟的防效和保苗效果最佳,分别为88.7%和299.1%,与20%三唑磷乳油150mL667m2的防效88.8%和保苗效果99.1%差异不显著。     

锐劲特在水稻主要害虫总体防治中的应用研究

系列试验证明：锐劲特是水稻害虫多靶标防治中较好的防治药剂,5％锐劲特SC600mL/hm^2对白背飞虱的防效同25％噻嗪酮WP675g/hm^2加80％杀虫单WP750g/hm^2基本一致;对褐飞虱的防效,其速率性及持效性显著居优;对2代二化防治具有较好的效果,杀虫及保穗效果均明显高于杀虫单,差异显著,对稻纵卷叶螟、低龄稻苞虫的防治效果分别为77．52％,97．62％;用量为750mL/hm^2时,对高龄稻苞虫的防治效果为89．00％,可达一药多治的防治效果。     

毒死蜱与噻嗪酮、吡虫啉混用防治稻飞虱和二化螟田间试验

20 0 2年在安徽省庐江县 4次田间试验结果表明 ,防治 3代和 4代稻飞虱 (Sogatellafurcifera(Horvath)和Nilaparvatalugens(St l) ) ,667m2 用 48%毒死蜱乳油 41 67mL +1 0 %吡虫啉可湿性粉剂 2 0g的处理 7d后防治效果分别为 93 0 3 %和 92 67% ,毒死蜱 5 2 0 8mL +2 5 %噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂 5 0g分别为92 79%和 95 2 2 %。防治 2代和 3代二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker) ,667m2 用毒死蜱 41 67mL +吡虫啉2 0g的处理 1 6d后防治效果分别为 73 2 2 %和 80 43 % ,毒死蜱 5 2 0 8mL +噻嗪酮 5 0g分别为 76 81 %和84 80 %。建议交替轮换使用以上混剂及剂量 ,并掌握在稻飞虱低龄若虫高峰期和二化螟卵孵高峰期施药 ,可有效防治稻飞虱和二化螟。     

Survey of susceptibilities to monosultap, triazophos, fipronil, and abamectin in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

To provide a foundation for national resistance management of the Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a study was carried out to determine dose-response and susceptibility changes over a 5-yr period in the insect from representative rice, Oryza sativa L., production regions. In total, 11 populations were collected from 2002 to 2006 in seven rice-growing provinces in China, and they were used to examine their susceptibility levels to monosultap, triazophos, fipronil, and abamectin. Results indicated that most populations had increased tolerance to monosultap. Several field populations, especially those in the southeastern Zhejiang Province, were highly or extremely highly resistant to triazophos (resistance ratio [RR] = 52.57-899.93-fold), and some populations in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and the northern rice regions were susceptible or had a low level of resistance to triazophos (RR = 1.00-10.69). Results also showed that most field populations were susceptible to fipronil (RR < 3), but the populations from Ruian and Cangnan, Zhejiang, in 2006 showed moderate levels of resistance to fipronil (RR = 20.99-25.35). All 11 field populations collected in 2002-2006 were susceptible to abamectin (RR < 5). The tolerance levels in the rice stem borer exhibited an increasing trend (or with fluctuation) over a 5-yr period for different insecticides, and they reached a maximal level in 2006 for all four insecticides. Analysis of regional resistance ratios indicated that the history and intensity of insecticide application are the major driving forces for the resistance evolution in C. suppressalis. Strategic development of insecticide resistance management also is proposed.     

吡虫啉与杀虫单对水稻飞虱和螟虫联合作用研究

在室内测定了吡虫啉与杀虫单混配对水稻褐飞虱Ｎｉｌａｐａｒｖａｔａｌｕｇｅｎｓ和二化螟Ｃｈｉｌｏｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｌｉｓ的联合作用,并进行了田间试验。结果表明吡虫啉与杀虫单复配对褐飞虱、二化螟有相加和增效作用,以配比1∶20～1∶40增效作用最好。吡虫啉对二化螟有较高的毒杀作用,以点滴法和稻茎浸渍法测得其致死中量为0 8873μｇ/头和0 3743ｍｇ Ｌ,分别是杀虫单的5 168倍和2 19倍。田间试验表明,在室内试验中ＣＴＣ值较高的配比(1∶22～1∶39)的药剂在田间对水稻飞虱和螟虫均有较好的防治效果,防治稻飞虱的防效在94 7%以上,防治二化螟的效果在55 6%～90 6%之间,防治三化螟的效果在55 13%～95 41%之间,防治稻纵卷叶螟的效果在81 6%以上。     

二化螟抗杀虫单和甲胺磷品系的生化特性

二化螟抗性和敏感品系分别采自浙江和安徽太湖。毒力测定结果表明,抗性品系对杀虫单和甲胺磷分别产生了37.7和52.7倍的抗性。代谢酶活性的测定结果显示,抗性品系多功能氧化酶氧脱甲基活性、氮脱甲基活性分别是敏感品系的3.3和1.34倍,而羧酸酯酶活性和谷胱甘肽转移酶活性两个品系之间没有显著差异。说明多功能氧化酶活性提高可能是二化螟对甲胺磷、杀虫单抗性的一个重要机制。为了研究二化螟可能存在的对沙蚕毒素杀虫剂靶标不敏感机制,采用RT-PCR 等分子生物学技术,分别对5个敏感个体和4抗性个体中克隆杀虫单作用的靶标烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α1亚基（nAChR α subunit 1）cDNA序列进行了分子克隆。序列比较发现一共存在33个单核苷酸的多态性,其中14个引起了编码氨基酸的改变。但是没有发现与抗性有关的特有的碱基突变。     

Tolerance and compensatory response of rice to sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) injury

A 3-yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the tolerance and compensatory response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to injury caused by sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), as affected by cultivar (Cocodrie, Francis, and Jefferson), stage of crop growth during which the injury occurred (third tiller stage, panicle differentiation stage, and heading stage), and sugarcane borer density. The proportion of rice tillers with sugarcane borer injury (leaf and leaf sheath injury and/or stem injury) was lower when injury occurred at the third tiller stage (0.05) than at panicle differentiation (0.19) and heading (0.18). When injury occurred at the two latter stages, both the proportion of tillers with injury and the proportion of tillers with stem injury were negatively correlated with rainfall. Rainfall resulted in dislodgement and mortality of sugarcane borer eggs and larvae before the larvae entered the stems. Rice plant density in this study (111.1 plants/m2) was higher than recorded for previous research on rice compensation using potted rice or conducted in low-density hill production systems (26.7-51.3 plants/m2). Two mechanisms of within-plant tolerance/compensation were observed. Stem injured plants produced approximately 0.69 more tillers than uninjured plants, whereas tillers with leaf and leaf sheath injury produced larger panicles, up to 39.5 and 21.0% heavier than uninjured tillers, when injury occurred at third tiller stage and at panicle differentiation, respectively. Rice yield was not reduced with up to 23% injured tiller and up to 10% injured stems at the third tiller stage, 42% injured tillers and 17% injured stems at panicle differentiation, and 28% injured tillers and 14% injured stems at heading. Significant between-plant compensation was not detected, suggesting competition between adjacent plants is not significantly reduced by injury. Our results suggest that rice can tolerate and/or compensate for a level of stem borer injury previously considered to be economically damaging.     

杀虫剂不同处理对二化螟为害、防治效果及水稻产量的影响

近年来,二化螟发生出现各代均偏重或大发生的新特点。为探索杀虫剂防治二化螟的新策略,采用田间小区试验在早晚稻田中分别研究5%氟虫腈加25%灭.水胺的不同施药时期和次数对二化螟幼虫的为害和防治效果及对水稻产量的影响。在试验地,二化螟第1和第2代发生在早稻田,第3和第4代发生在晚稻田。试验结果表明,在第1和第3代二化螟幼虫孵化高峰施药1次、隔10d再施药1次对早稻田和晚稻田的幼虫防效显著,分别达到了92.4%和92.6%。在早、晚稻田分别发生的第1和第3代2龄幼虫高峰期施药1次、同时在次代孵化高峰期再施药1次,均可显著降低虫伤株率和白穗株率,提高保穗效果,并显著提高单位面积上的水稻产量(3.98%~4.20%)。因此,对第1至第4代二化螟幼虫均进行1次药剂防治是二化螟各代均大发生的新形势下的防治策略。     

Screen of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins for transgenic rice to control Sesamia inferens and Chilo suppressalis

Transgenic rice to control stem borer damage is under development in China. To assess the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenes in stem borer control, the toxicity of five Bt protoxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba and Cry1Ca) against two rice stem borers, Sesamia inferens (pink stem borer) and Chilo suppressalis (striped stem borer), was evaluated in the laboratory by feeding neonate larvae on artificial diets containing Bt protoxins. The results indicated that Cry1Ca exhibited the highest level of toxicity to both stem borers, with an LC₅₀ of 0.24 and 0.30 μg/g for C. suppressalis and S. inferens, respectively. However, S. inferens was 4-fold lower in susceptibility to Cry1Aa, and 6- and 47-fold less susceptible to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ba, respectively, compared to C. suppressalis. To evaluate interactions among Bt protoxins in stem borer larvae, toxicity assays were performed with mixtures of Cry1Aa/Cry1Ab, Cry1Aa/Cry1Ca, Cry1Ac/Cry1Ca, Cry1Ac/Cry1Ba, Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab/Cry1Ba, and Cry1Ab/Cry1Ca at 1:1 (w/w) ratios. All protoxin mixtures demonstrated significant synergistic toxicity activity against C. suppressalis, with values of 1.6- to 11-fold higher toxicity than the theoretical additive effect. Surprisingly, all but one of the Bt protoxin mixtures were antagonistic in toxicity to S. inferens. In mortality-time response experiments, S. inferens demonstrated increased tolerance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac compared to C. suppressalis when treated with low or high protoxin concentrations. The data indicate the utility of Cry1Ca protoxin and a Cry1Ac/Cry1Ca mixture to control both stem borer populations.     

Biological control of rice root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne graminicola through mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains

The plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strains PF1, TDK1, and PY15 were evaluated individually and in combinations for their efficacy against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in rice plants under in vitro, glass house and field conditions. Culture filtrates of these strains either individually or as mixture inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality of juveniles of M. graminicola in vitro. The efficacy was more pronounced when filtrates of the strain were used as mixtures than as individual strains. Mixtures of P. fluorescens strains signficantly reduced M. graminicola infestation when applied as bacterial suspensions through seed treatment. The higher activity of peroxidase and chitinase enzymes was observed in plants treated with P. fluorescens mixtures than the plants treated with individual strains, two strain mixtures and untreated control. In field trials on rice, talc formulations of the P. fluorescens strains individually as well as mixtures were evaluated as seed treatment, soil treatment and combination of both. A mixture of the three strains was the most effective when applied either as seed + soil treatment or as seed treatment alone. The introduced P. fluorescens strains survived endophytically on rice roots. The application of the P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed + soil treatment resulted in higher grain yield which provided a 27.3% increase over the control followed by P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed treatment alone, which increased the grain yield of rice by 24.7% compared to the control.     

Effects of exposure duration on transfer of nonrepellent termiticides among workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The potential for transfer of nonrepellent termiticide toxicants between workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was examined using two commercially available pesticide formulations and a simple donor-recipient model modified from current methods in the literature. Pesticides used were imidacloprid, formulated as Premise 75 WP, and fipronil, formulated as Termidor SC, in concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppm (weight of active ingredient/weight of sand) in sand. The results of the first experiment showed a significant increase in recipient mortality over control mortality when donor workers were treated with 100 ppm imidacloprid or 100 ppm fipronil. Although all three colonies studied were affected, one colony (colony 3) was affected to a significantly greater extent than the other colonies. This effect was not correlated with termite body size (dry mass). In a second study, recipient mortality was evaluated after exposure of donors to 1 ppm insecticide for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h, Recipient mortality indicated that these exposures did not consistently lead to lethal transfer of the insecticides.     

Valuation of efficacy and nonrepellency of indoxacarb and fipronil-treated soil at various concentrations and thicknesses against two subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The efficacy and nonrepellency of indoxacarb (150 SC, 150 g [AI]/liter) and fipronil (Termidor SC, 9.1% [Al]) against field-collected eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated for mortality and penetration into treated soil in laboratory glass tube bioassays. Both insecticides were tested at five concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 ppm) and two thicknesses (20 and 50 mm) of treated soil. Indoxacarb caused significantly greater mortality than controls at all treatment thicknesses of > or = 10 ppm, but not at 1 ppm. Concentration and treatment thickness of indoxacarb significantly affected termite mortality. Eastern subterranean termites were significantly more susceptible to indoxacarb than Formosan subterranean termites, but there were no intercolony differences in either species. Termites completely penetrated through all treatment thickness of indoxacarb-treated soil at all concentrations, except one of the six Formosan subterranean termite replicates of 50 mm at 50 ppm, when all termites were killed before tunneling through the treated soil. Fipronil resulted in significantly faster and greater termite mortality than indoxacarb at corresponding concentrations. Concentration and treatment thickness of fipronil also significantly affected termite mortality. There was no intercolony difference in susceptibility to either insecticide in either termite. Both termite species completely penetrated 20-mm treatments of all tested fipronil concentrations, as well as 50-mm soil treated with fipronil at < or = 10 ppm. At 50 and 100 ppm fipronil, termites tunneled only a mean of 87 +/- 0.21 and 47 +/- 0.18% deep into 50-mm treated soil, respectively, before death. Both insecticides demonstrated a delayed mode of activity and nonrepellency against the two termite species.