山东莱芜地区晚寒武世炒米店组牙形石生物地层学研究

本文报道了山东莱芜地区黄羊山剖面炒米店组的牙形石生物地层学研究成果。在该剖面上寒武统的炒米店组建立了9个牙形石带,自上而下分别是Cordylodusangulatus带,C.lindstromi带,C.intermedius带,C.proavus带,Eoconodontusnotchpeakensis带,Proconodontusmuelleri带,P.posterocostatus带,P.tenuiserratus带和Prooneotodusrotundatus-Muelleroduserectus带。牙形石动物群的面貌显示该地区炒米店组顶部在时代上已属早奥陶世,表明该地区的寒武-奥陶界线与三山子组白云岩的底界并不一致,后者在层位上稍高。建立并描述了一副牙形石新种Westergaardodinahuangyangshanensissp.nov.。     

广西二叠纪深海硅质岩系中瓜德鲁普统至乐平统界线地层牙形石分带及动物群特征

在广西钦州地区小董镇大虫岭深海硅质岩剖面中,首次处理出了层序连续的牙形石化石,并由老至新划分了二个牙形石带,即Jinogondolella granti带和Clarkina dukouensis带。通过这二个牙形石带与斜坡相和盆地相碳酸盐岩硅质岩系中的牙形石带进行对比,划分了本剖面中乐平统生物地层底界。本文对深海硅质岩系中这一界线地层牙形石动物群特征进行了简要的描述。     

江南区寒武—奥陶系牙形刺

江南区寒武、奥陶系界线附近的地层为碳酸盐岩连续沉积,化石较多。笔者先后在江西武宁(1981)、安徽宁国(1982)、湖南桃源和慈利(1983)等地实测了寒武、奥陶系界线剖面,并采集了牙形刺、笔石和三叶虫等化石。经室内初步研究,在安徽宁国界线剖面上,除产笔石外,在所采集的40个样品中均未处理出牙形刺。其余两个地区的剖面内均产有牙形刺、笔石和三叶虫化石。江南区牙形刺的序列及组合特征对寒武、奥陶系界线的讨论提供了较丰富的微体化石资料。     

河北省磁县虎皮脑晚寒武世和早奥陶世牙形石

在河北省磁县虎皮脑寒武纪–奥陶纪地层剖面发现晚寒武世和早奥陶世牙形石。晚寒武世牙形石包括Hirsutodontus rarus, Teridontus nakamurai,属于华北地区上寒武统凤山阶Proconodontus-Rotundoconus带牙形石。早奥陶世牙形石主要有Paraserratognathus partodiformis, P. problematicus, P. obesus, Scolopodus mancordatus, S.rexhuolianzhaiensis,Drepanodussubarcuatus,属于华北地区下奥陶统亮甲山组上部Paraserratognathus带牙形石。本文描述牙形石6属13种,其中包括l新种, 1亲近种。     

浙江黄芝山剖面二叠-三叠系界线附近的牙形类序列及其地层对比

首次系统研究浙江黄芝山剖面二叠-三叠系界线附近的牙形类化石,共鉴定2属16种,并据此识别出5个牙形类化石带,从下至上依次为:Clarkina changxingensis changxingensis带,C.parasubcarinata带,C.chan-gxingensis yini-C.meishanensis zhangi带,C.meishanensis meishanensis带,Hindeodus parvus带。Hindeodus changxingensis,H.eurypyge,H.parvus分别在第15层、第18层底部、第18层中部依次出现,为确定该剖面二叠-三叠系界线在18-3层之底提供了依据。作者还讨论黄芝山剖面二叠-三叠系界线附近的牙形类序列与浙江煤山、伊朗剖面二叠-三叠系界线层牙形类序列的对比。     

新疆库鲁克塔格南部突尔沙克塔格群顶部（晚寒武世—早奥陶世）的三叶虫

描述新疆库鲁克塔格地区南部南雅尔当山和却尔却克山突尔沙克塔格群顶部的三叶虫,计10属2亚属9种和3未定种,分为2个三叶虫带,下部Hysterolenus带、上部Dichelepyge sinensis带。根据牙形类化石带的对比,寒武－奥陶系界线应在三叶虫Hysterolenus带之内通过。     

云南罗平中三叠世大凹子剖面牙形石生物地层及其沉积环境研究

罗平生物群产出于关岭组二段,该段大凹子精细剖面细致的沉积学描述记录显示,剖面岩性变化趋势为:从生物扰动灰岩到含硅质结核的条带泥晶灰岩(钙屑浊积岩)向白云岩演化.剖面详细的牙形石生物地层研究表明,牙形石带属于Nicoraella kockeli带,同时该带可分两个亚带,即Nicoraella kockeli type 1亚带和Nicoraella kocke-li type 2亚带.牙形石生物地层年代确定在Anisian期的Pelsonian亚期.通过大凹子剖面含牙形石段产出环境分析表明:深灰色具脉状层理含泥质灰岩的开阔台地相沉积环境牙形石产出较少且保存一般,而深黑色纹层状泥晶灰岩段台间盆地相沉积环境中牙形石产出丰富且保持完好.大凹子剖面沉积构造研究表明:罗平生物群产出于台间盆地相钙屑浊流沉积环境.     

塔北井下奥陶系的牙形类序列及其对比

文中记述塔北井下奥陶系的牙形类38属67种,描述其中1新属,4新种,1新亚种。与国内外对比,该区自下而上当前可建立22个牙形类序列(带或组合带)。建议以第5带Pteracontiodus exilis的首现作为塔里木盆地中奥陶统的底界线,从而将鹰山组划分为上、下两组。再结合其它诸如岩石地层、测井地层等综合研究,对塔里木盆地奥陶系现进一步划分为3统7组16个段,以便为研究该地区地层对比和寻找油气资源服务。     

中国石炭纪牙形类研究进展

本文系统整理自20世纪70年代至今中国石炭纪牙形类研究的历史和现状。对基于中国材料建立的石炭纪牙形类分类单元进行了厘定, 其中5个属/亚属中只有2个是有效名称; 99个种中有效种48个, 无效种7个, 尚有44 个种需要进一步研究。对中国石炭系4个地层大区10个地层区的牙形类生物地层序列进行了讨论和厘定。华南区包含完整的石炭系的43个牙形类生物带, 其它地层区包括准噶尔区10个、羌塘区8个、塔里木区8个、祁连–贺兰山区8个、内蒙古–吉林区6个、华北区3个、滇西区6个、藏南区5个、以及冈底斯区2个。石炭系尚有4个阶即谢尔普霍夫阶、莫斯科阶、卡西莫夫阶和格舍尔阶未确立全球界线层型。牙形类是最具潜力的界线标志。中国贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是这4个阶的候选层型剖面。该剖面产丰富的牙形类化石, 包括各阶潜在的界线标志化石, 而且近年来在它们的演化谱系研究上也取得了很大的进展。     

扬子区中奥陶统大湾阶底界精细生物地层分带与对比

系统研究湖北宜昌黄花场大湾组下段和重庆城口翁溪沟湄潭组下部笔石、牙形石和几丁虫生物分带及其对比关系。精细的生物地层学研究结果证明,在我国大湾阶底界界线层型剖面上的生物群组合存在冷水型分子与暖水型分子共生的特点,以牙形石Baltoniodus triangularis首现所确定的中奥陶统底界较nipodus laevis的首现低0．2m,位于笔石Didymograptus protobifidus／Corymbograptus deflexus带或几丁虫Conochitina langei／C．brevis带中部。中奥陶统底界上述牙形石、笔石和几丁虫的对比关系不受沉积相限制,在重庆城口翁溪沟含笔石碎屑岩相的湄潭组下部同样存在。宜昌黄花场剖面和该剖面上Baltoniodus triangularis的最初出现应是理想的全球中奥陶统底界线层型剖面和点。     

Correlating the global Cambrian–Ordovician boundary: Precise comparison of the Xiaoyangqiao section,Dayangcha, North China with the Green Point GSSP section,Newfoundland, Canada

The Cambrian–Ordovician boundary interval exposed at the Xiaoyangqiao section, North China is presented. The distribution of stratigraphically important fossils in the Xiaoyangqiao section revealed several nearly coeval graptolite, conodont, trilobite, and acritarch bioevents in the uppermost Cambrian–lowermost Ordovician carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary sequence. The precise correlation to the Green Point GSSP section, western Newfoundland, Canada allows for the identification of the corresponding GSSP level in the Xiaoyangqiao section. The combined data from the Xiaoyangqiao section and the Green Point GSSP section provide a series of events that all can be applied as proxies for identification of the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary horizon outside the GSSP. Based on this, the Xiaoyangqiao section, Dayangcha, is here strongly recommended as a candidate for an Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point section (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician System, because it provides one of the best and most complete Cambrian–Ordovician transitions in the world and because the first planktic graptolites are from the Xiaoyangqiao section.     

Re‐evaluation of the conodont Iapetognathus and implications for the base of the Ordovician System GSSP

Terfelt, F, Bagnoli, G. & Stouge, S. 2011: Re‐evaluation of the conodont Iapetognathus and implications for the base of the Ordovician System GSSP. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 227–237. In 2000, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) ratified the decision from the International Working Group on the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary (COBWG) to place the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Ordovician System in the Green Point section, Newfoundland, Canada, at a point coinciding with the first appearance of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus. However, a restudy of the conodont successions from Green Point shows that this species is not present at the boundary interval, and as a consequence the section does not fulfil the biostratigraphical requirements of a GSSP. The GSSP horizon as now defined is based on a level part‐way through the range of I. preaengensis– a species with lower first appearance datum (FAD). The true FAD of I. fluctivagus is above the FAD of planktonic graptolites and well above the FAD of I. preaengensis. As a consequence of these problems, a restudy of the GSSP section and the other sections in the Cow Head Group is necessary. A redefinition of the GSSP horizon is suggested. The following four alternative horizons have potential as new horizons for the GSSP level: the FAD of Cordylodus intermedius; the FAD of Cordylodus andresi; the FAD of Eoconodontus notchpeakensis; and the FAD of the agnostoid Lotagnostus americanus. □Boundary, Cambrian, conodont, Global boundary Stratotype Section Point, Iapetognathus, Ordovician.     

江苏下扬子区寒武系-三叠系牙形刺色变指标(CAI)图及其意义

本文对多年来积累的江苏下扬子区寒武系－三叠系牙形刺CAI材料进行了系统收集和整理,并采用Anita Harris建立的统一标准,编制了本区寒武系－三叠系的5幅牙形刺CAI图;进而结合牙形刺CAI与镜质组反射率（Ro)的对应关系,对上述各系的有机质成熟度进行了评价,对本区海相中、古生界油气勘探具有十分重要的意义。     

安徽石台奥陶纪弗洛期—大坪期牙形刺多样性的演变

基于安徽石台栗阳柳树亭下、中奥陶统紫台组牙形刺的系统研究,对该地区早奥陶世弗洛期一中奥陶世大坪期牙形刺多样性演变作了初步分析,发现牙形刺的简单分异度在弗洛晚期Oepikodusevae带达到峰值,有17属20种。之后,牙形刺分异度呈下降趋势。演变的总体趋势与湖北宜昌地区同期牙形刺的研究结果一致,其峰值出现的时间（Oepikodusevae带,相当于笔石Didymograptellus eobifidus带上部,Corymbograptusdeflexus带,及Azygograptussuecicus带下部）与华南上扬子区腕足动物宏演化趋势（首次峰值出现在Didymograptelluseob—ifidus带）大体相似,但比三叶虫多样性演变在奥陶纪的首次峰值（出现在Exigraptus clavus带）早,比扬子台地笔石多样性演变的首次峰值（在Acrograptusfiliformis带和Didymograptelluseobifidus带下部）晚。分析显示,该地区早、中奥陶世牙形刺多样性演变与海平面变化存在密切关联。     

Integrated biostratigraphy and carbon isotopes from the Cambrian Tangwangzhai section,North China

The Tangwangzhai section, western Shandong Province, North China, the type section for the Cambrian Kushan and Chaomitian formations, yielded a diverse and relatively well-preserved conodont fauna, in which we recognize the Westergaardodina orygma, Westergaardodina matsushitai, Muellerodus? erectus, and Westergaardodina aff. fossa–Prooneotodus rotundatus zones of the North China conodont zonation. The Tangwangzhai conodont succession can be correlated not only with the polymerid trilobites occurring in the section but also with the conodont zones established for South China. The first occurrence of Furnishina longibasis and Furnishina quadrata in the upper part of the Westergaardodina matsushitai Zone allows the recognition of the base of the Paibian Stage and Furongian Series in the upper part of the Kushan Formation. The base of the Jiangshanian Stage, in the uppermost Muellerodus? erectus Zone, can be recognized by the presence of Westergaardodina cf. calix close to the base of the Chaomitian Formation. Chemostratigraphic analyses of the Tangwangzhai section show the onset of a positive carbon isotope excursion, referred to the SPICE event, in the upper part of the Kushan Formation at a level corresponding to the first occurrence of F. longibasis and F. quadrata. The base of the Jiangshanian Stage in the section is close to the demise of the SPICE positive excursion.     

湘西晚寒武世多节类三叶虫新种及Erixanium属首次发现

文中描记 3个多节类三叶虫新种 :Hardyoidesdamaensissp .nov .,Meringaspisdamaensissp .nov .,andRhyssometopus (Rostrifinis)nitidussp .nov .,均产自湘西凤凰花桥组中部。同时描记首次在江南斜坡带中发现的Erixanium一属的保留命名种Erixaniumcf.E .sentum。Erixanium是全球性分布的多节类三叶虫 。     

辽河断陷盆地西部晚寒武世至早奥陶世牙形石生物地层

辽河断陷盆地西部凹陷古潜山顶部地层的时代 ,自 70年代末期以来 ,一直被认为属于中、上元古代。本文通过在总面积为 60 0 km2 的西部凹陷中段系统、详尽的牙形石生物地层研究 ,并结合疑源类、小壳化石以及岩石地层学资料 ,确认研究区内古潜山顶部地层的时代主要为晚寒武世至早奥陶世。中、上元古代地层在研究区内虽然存在 ,但分布极其局限。从而 ,彻底改变了2 0年以来对该地区古潜山地层划分和对比上的传统认识。     

河北唐山下奥陶统牙形刺生物地层的新认识

本文作者在安太庠等(1983)研究过的唐山赵各庄剖面,对下奥陶统冶里组和亮甲山组较系统地采集了牙形刺样品,通过对所获牙形刺标本和安太库等(1983)所描述的牙形刺动物群仔细研究后,对包括分带和对比意见有新的认识。安太庠等(1983)把自寒武系凤山组顶部至下奥陶统亮甲山组这段地层,自下而上建立了Cordylodus proavus,Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis,Cordylodus rotundatus-"Acodus"oneotensis,Scolopodus quadraplicatus-S.opimus,Scalpellodus tersus,Serratognathus bilobatus,S.extensus和Paraserratognathus paltodiformis等8带,其中Cordylodus proavus带为寒武系顶,Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis至Scolopodus quadraplicatus-S.opimus等带为下奥陶统冶里组,其余则为下奥陶统亮甲山组,寒武系-奥陶系界线置于Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis带之底。这一牙形刺序列和寒武系-奥陶系界线划分方案在国内被广泛引用至今(王志浩等,2011)。本文通过补充采集到的牙形刺标本和安太庠等(1983)报道的材料,根据一些重要分子在地层中的分布及公认的牙形刺分带原则,对安太庠等(1983)的牙形刺分带方案重新修订,自下而上修订为Cordylodus proavus,C.lindstromi,Iapetognathus jilinensis,Cordylodus angulatus,Chosonodina herfurthi-Rossodus manitouensis,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus,Scalpellodus tersus-Triangulodus aff.bifidus,Serratognathus bilobatus,S.extensus和Paraserratognathus obesus等10带,寒武系-奥陶系界线则置于Iapetognathus jilinensis带之底。根据这一修订后的牙形刺序列,寒武系顶至下奥陶统冶里组部分的牙形刺带可与国内、外相同层位的牙形刺带进行精细对比,而亮甲山组的牙形刺虽有明显的地方性特点,但除其顶部因更具地方性而不能直接对比外,其中下部仍可与华南区下奥陶统红花园组相对比。     

湖北宜昌黄花场下奥陶统弗洛阶Oepikodus evae带精细地层划分对比

全球中奥陶统及奥陶系第三个阶、大坪阶的界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)确定后,文中作者对宜昌黄花场剖面弗洛阶上部Oepikodus evae带牙形刺生物地层序列进行再研究。通过对红花园组上部-大湾组下段一些关键层位中牙形刺样品的补充采集和牙形刺标本的系统检查,研究牙形刺属种垂向分布特征,修订一些牙形刺属种的首现层位。讨论Stolodus stola,Lundodus gladiatus,Oepikodus intermedius,Oepikodus communis,Trape-zognathus diprion,Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis等重要的多分子器官种分类问题。识别出Baltoniodus trian-gularis(Lindstr m)的先驱:Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis(Lindstr m)与Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)的区别。描述新建化石带属种,包括Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)。认为Oepikodus evae带上部时限范围内并未见Oepikodus evae分子,所以与国际地层指南(2000)关于间隔带和延限带的含义相悖。据此,厘定了原Oepikodus evae带的含义。并以牙形刺带分子首现为标志,将大湾组下段自下而上划分为3个间隔带,分别为:O.evae带,Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带。其中Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带为新建化石带。