生物工艺学课程教学改革的探索与实践

介绍内蒙古工业大学生物工程专业在生物工艺学课程教学改革中引入"课程设计"和"半自助式教学模式",以激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的学习能力与团队合作精神;在实践教学中实施"专业实验"和"专业综合实训",以强化学生动手操作能力和工程实践能力。经过几年的教学实践,生物工艺学教学得到不断改进和完善,并收到了良好的效果。     

生物工程专业发酵课程群建设探索

针对生物工程专业的培养方案和就业方向,提出了以课程群建设推动专业发展的教学改革思路。以"生物工艺学"和"生物反应工程"为主干课,还包括"生物工程设备"、"代谢控制与发酵"、"生物过程检测与控制"等相关课程,同时结合"发酵工艺实验"、"生产实习"和"毕业设计"等实践教学环节,构建了发酵课程群。介绍了发酵课程群对教学内容的整合,分析了课堂教学与实践环节有机结合的教学模式。实践证实,发酵课程群的建设对学生的就业以及后续工作能力的提升起到了显著的促进作用。     

应用型本科院校生物工程专业产学研人才培养模式探索

随着产学研紧密结合的提出,高校人才培养模式必须与之适应。作为我国高等教育的新生力量―应用型本科院校,生物工程专业在人才培养模式设置过程中,应以产学研基地建设为契机,以培养学生实际应用能力和专业分析能力为核心,不断进行改革和创新。本文以徐州工程学院生物工程专业为例,总结以往产学研合作教育经验,分析了人才培养模式相关问题,指出了应用型本科院校生物工程专业实施产学研合作教育的实践过程。     

提升生物工程专业毕业论文质量的研究与实践

通过对盐城师范学院生物工程专业5届学生268篇毕业论文进行调研分析,总结出在指导教师、论文选题研究类型及领域、论文研究内容创新性、论文的过程管理四个方面存在着问题。学院从增加教师数量、提高教师工程实践能力、加强校企合作、完善管理制度以及提高学生认识这五方面进行探索实践,逐步提高生物工程专业毕业论文质量。     

生物工程工艺实习教学探索与改革

生物工程工艺实习是生物工程专业本科生实践环节重要内容之一。针对工艺实习教学模式进行探索与改革。主要包括以下几方面:实习教学内容与方法优化;科研与实践教学相结合,及时更新实践教学内容;加强实践教学师资队伍建设;实践指导书的编写;制定科学完善的考核方式等。通过以上一系列的探索与改革,使生物工程工艺实习教学效果有所改善。     

基于OBE理念生物工程专业毕业实习教学模式研究

毕业实习是本科阶段迈向社会的重要实践环节,是培养学生解决工程问题能力的必要教学途径。北京联合大学生物工程专业基于OBE理念对毕业实习的教学模式进行了探索,针对应用型人才的"三层次"培养目标,构建了"四模块"实践教学模式和"三阶段"评价方式,收获了良好的教学成果,达到了校企双赢的目的。     

“新工科”背景下“生物化工大实验”课程教学设计与实践

“生物化工大实验”是湖南科技学院生物工程专业集中实践教学环节的必修课程,是在“新工科”背景下为提高本专业学生综合素质而开设的实验课程。课程实验项目为综合性实验及设计性实验,其内容主要结合了永州市地方特色资源、研究平台和工科人才特征合理编制而成。授课过程中,综合运用符合课程特点的启发式教学、科研案例导入式教学和互动式教学等方法,提高学生学习的兴趣,激发学生的创新能力和实践应用能力。通过课程考察和课后调查发现,生物工程专业学生的知识迁移和应用能力明显提升,学科竞赛和项目立项成绩优异。因此,基于对本课程授课内容和方法的实践及不断完善,课程教学质量得到了全面提高,为培养生物工程专业高水平创新型、应用型工科人才夯实了基础。     

烟台大学生物工程专业生产实习教学改革的探索和实践

生产实习是生物工程专业实践教学的重要组成部分,目前生产实习中存在着企业难寻、经费不足及学生动手操作机会少等问题。对本专业的生产实习进行改革,通过计算机仿真、工厂实习和校内实习工厂建设等有效途径,强化了实习效果,切实提高了烟台大学生物工程专业学生工程实践能力和综合素质。     

培养发酵工程卓越工程师后备人才的教学改革与实践

针对发酵行业发展要求,以培养具备发酵过程优化控制和工艺创新能力的发酵工程卓越工程师后备人才为目标,通过改革生物工程专业课程教学方法、实践环节实验内容以及开展课外专业竞赛等措施培养学生的实践能力和创新能力。经过实践取得了较好的效果,学生对专业的学习兴趣、对发酵工艺过程进行设计和优化,以及创新的能力得到了提高。     

工程教育专业认证背景下生物工程项目实践创新课程建设的逻辑与实践

文中对照成果导向教育 (Outcome-based education,OBE) 的教学理念,详细阐述笔者教学团队经过5个轮次的教学实践和持续改进,逐步形成的“生物工程项目实践创新课程”教学逻辑与教学方法,重点阐述了课程教学项目的遴选、教学过程的实施方式、课程过程性考核办法以及“监控-评价与反馈-改进”的课程质量保障体系等内容。通过分析3届生物工程专业学生的课程成绩分布与课程目标达成情况,发现笔者教学团队所形成的“生物工程项目实践创新课程”教学逻辑与方法可以大幅提升学生学习的主观能动性及学生成绩,也可以保证学生课程目标的达成。因此,文中所述教学逻辑与教学方法有望为当今工程教育专业认证背景下本科院校工科专业项目实训的教学改革提供基础,为培养适应新时代需求的理论知识扎实、创新思维好、团结协作能力佳和解决复杂工程问题能力强的新型综合人才奠定基础。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.