REVISION OF CHINESE SPECIES OF HEMIPTARSENUS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) *

Abstract This paper deals with Chinese species of Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833. Totally five species are found in China. Among them, H. unguicellus (Zetterstedt), H. ornatus (Nees) and H. varicornis (Gi‐rault) were previously recorded, H. zilahisebessi Erdös is newly recorded in China and H. strigiscuta sp. n. is described as new. A tentative key to known species is given, and other three external species, H. fulvicollis Westwood, H. wailesellae Nowicky and H. waterhousii Westwood, are included in the key for comparison. The type specimen is deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Revision of the Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

Summary

The Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum, 1841 are revised, including a new species, C. pilosus n. sp. described from southern China (also from Vietnam and Laos). The lectotype for Coenochilus uncinatipes Moser, 1915 is designated, and this name is recognized as a junior synonym of C. bifoveolatus Fairmaire, 1888. Previously published synonymy of Coenochilus apicalis Westwood, 1873 and C. armiger Westwood, 1873 is confirmed based on the examination of type specimens. The neotype of C. tonkinensis Moser, 1910 is designated, and C. clinteroceroides Jákl, 2015 is synonymized with this species. Coenochilus tonkinensis is newly recorded from China, while Chinese records of C. nitidus Arrow, 1910 are verified as misidentification of C. striatus Westwood, 1873, thus C. nitidus is removed from the Chinese fauna. Diagnoses and illustrations are provided for all five Chinese species. A key to Chinese species and new distribution records are also presented.??     

Two new species of the cryptic chrysidid parasitoid subfamily Loboscelidiinae: The second species in Rhadinoscelidia and the first Loboscelidia for the Indonesian fauna

Two new species in the cryptic chrysidid wasp subfamily Loboscelidiinae are described based on males from Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia. One is the second species in Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, and the other, belonging in Loboscelidia Westwood, is the first species of the genus for the Indonesian fauna.     

A new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triodontus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Orphninae) from Southern Madagascar

A new scarab beetle species of the endemic Madagascan genus Triodontus Westwood, T. hanskii sp. n., is described from a specimen collected in Southern Madagascar. The new species differs from similar Triodontus species with two medial pronotal tubercles and simple last abdominal sternite in a distinctive shape of the parameres. The type specimen of the new species originates from the southernmost remnant of indigenous rain forest of the island.     

First record of the tribe Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from South Korea with descriptions of two new species

The tribe Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains six genera (Gastracanthus Westwood, Janssoniella Kerrich, Miscogasteriella Girault, Platygerrhus Thomson, Plutothrix Förster and Trigonoderus Westwood). This tribe is recorded from South Korea for the first time. Two new species, Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh & Lee sp. nov. from South Korea and J. magna Tselikh & Lee sp. nov. from South Korea and the South Far East of Russia, are described. Eight species (Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo), G. nigrescens Kamijo, Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist, Miscogasteriella sulcate (Kamijo), Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo, P. trifasciata (Thomson), Trigonoderus fraxini Yang and T. nigrocephalus Kamijo) are recorded from South Korea for the first time. The keys for identification of the Eastern–Palearctic species of Janssoniella and Gastracanthus are given and photos of diagnostic characters of the new species are provided.     

A revision of Neomegalotomus (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

We recognize two species in Neomegalotomus, N. parvus (Westwood), the type species; and N. rufipes (Westwood). The two species are redescribed from type specimens, and are keyed. We synonymize the following species with Neomegalotomus parvus: N. simplex (Westwood), N. latifascia (Berg), and N. pallescens (St?l) (all new synonymies). We synonymize N. jamaicensis (Westwood) with N. rufipes (new synonymy). The type specimens of all species hitherto placed in the genus are also redescribed, except those of N. debilis (Walker) and N. vicinus (Westwood). N. parvus occurs from México through Central America into northern Argentina and east into Venezuela and adjacent Caribbean islands. N. rufipes is widespread in the Caribbean south towards Venezuela. The two species overlap in distribution: N. parvus is found on St. Vincent and Tobago, whereas N. rufipes occurs on Grenada, which lies between those two islands.     

Dispersal of the broad mite,Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae), by the greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) was found to disperse the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae). Mite presence on whiteflies was highly aggregated. This is the second whitefly species reported to disperse the broad mite, suggesting some recognition of the insects by P. latus.     

The sperm structure of Embioptera (Insecta) and phylogenetic considerations

The sperm structure of two species of Embioptera, Embia savignyi Westwood 1837 and Aposthonia japonica (Okajima 1926), was studied. Spermatozoa of both species exhibit a monolayered acrosome and a layer of material surrounding the sperm cells for most of their length. The presence of a 9+9+2 axoneme provided with accessory microtubules with 16 protofilaments, two accessory bodies and two crystallized mitochondrial derivatives are characters shared with other polyneopteran taxa. The supposed close relationship between Embioptera and Phasmatodea is not supported by characters of the sperm ultrastructure.     

Phylogeny of split‐footed lacewings (Neuroptera,Nymphidae), with descriptions of new Cretaceous fossil species from China

A phylogeny of the lacewing family Nymphidae based on morphology and DNA sequences is presented including representatives of all living genera and selected fossil genera. Widely distributed Jurassic and Cretaceous genera gave rise to recent taxa now restricted to Australasia. Two previously defined clades (i.e. Nymphinae and Myiodactylinae) were recovered and reflect the diverging adult and larval morphology of members of these two subfamilies. From Chinese Cretaceous deposits, a new genus (Spilonymphes gen. nov.) is described with one new species, as well as new species described in the genera Baissoleon Makarkin and Sialium Westwood.     

四种蝽科昆虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究(半翅目: 蝽科)

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳研究分析了半翅目 Hemiptera 蝽科Pentatomidae4种蝽象、赤条蝽雌雄不同个体的酯酶同工酶。结果表明 ,4种蝽象酯酶同工酶酶谱有明显差异 ,每个种都有自己的特征谱型 ;赤条蝽不同个体酶谱差异较小 ,性别差异大于个体差异 ,但都小于种间差异。     

A new species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae) from South America

A second species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878, Amblyodus castroi sp. n., is described from the northern South America based on 12 specimens from Brazil and Peru (Amazonian subregion). The new species is here compared with the type species of the genus, Amblyodus taurus Westwood, 1878 and both species and their male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic characters for the genus are discussed, especially the metatibial teeth. A distribution map including the type species and the new species is provided. The genus Amblyodus is recorded for the first time from Peru and from Brazil states of Pará and Rondônia.     

Evolution of the Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Abstract. A phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeini, based on 244 morphological characters, including 154 multistate and three biological characters, is presented. Tree topologies generated from unweighted data and some weighted algorithms are similar and support only two clades in the tribe representing the genera Scarabaeus L. and Pachylomerus Bertoloni. The only supported subordinate groups treated in this paper as subgenera are Kheper Kirby stat. nov. , Pachysoma MacLeay, Scarabaeolus Balthasar and Sceliages Westwood stat. nov. Drepanopodus Janssens syn. nov. is synonymised with Scarabaeus and six additional names, Madateuchus Paulian, Mnematidium Ritsema, Mnematium MacLeay, Neateuchus Gillet, Neomnematium Janssens and Neopachysoma Ferreira, remain synonyms. A single origin of flightlessness is supported with the subgenus Pachysoma, the most derived lineage in this clade. Rolling dung balls backwards is the ancestral behaviour and predominant mode of food relocation in Scarabaeini, although tunnelling, forward pushing, and carrying also are utilized by some lineages. Pushing food has evolved independently in Sceliages species and S. galenus (Westwood) and a novel mode of forward food relocation by dragging evolved in the subgenus Pachysoma. Feeding on wet dung is the plesiomorphic condition and maintained by the majority of species in the tribe. The most unusual feeding behaviours in the tribe are represented by the obligate millipede-feeding species of Sceliages and the dry dung pellet and/or detritus feeders of Pachysoma.     

Update on the praying mantises (Insecta: Mantodea) of South-East Vietnam

A report of Mantodea species collected in South-East Vietnam (provinces Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc and Lam Dong) is presented. New for Vietnam are the subfamily Phyllothelyinae, the tribe Anaxarchini of the subfamily Hymenopodinae and the species Leptomantella lactea (Saussure, 1870), Tropidomantis gressitti Tinkham, 1937, Amantis bolivari Giglio-Tos, 1915, Anaxarcha graminea Stål, 1877, Creobroter nebulosa Zheng, 1988, Phyllothelys breve (Wang, 1993), Ceratocrania macra Westwood, 1889, Ceratomantis saussuri Wood-Mason, 1876 and Theopompa tosta Stål, 1877, as well as five additional species whose precise identifications are less certain. Eighteen species are new for the South-East region and seven are new for the provinces sampled. The fauna of Vietnam now contains 69 species of Mantodea, 40 of which occur in the South-East region. Morphological, taxonomical and identification details for selected species are discussed and illustrated.     

Taxonomic revision of the tribe Zoraidini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Derbidae) from Korea

The Korean planthopper tribe Zoraidini is revised taxonomically. Five genera are recognized in the Korean fauna: Diostrombus Uhler, 1896, Losbanosia Muir, 1917, Pamendanga Distant, 1906, Shirakiana Metcalf, 1945, Zoraida Kirkaldy, 1900. Among them, the genus Shirakiana is recorded for the first time in Korea. Nine species, four of which are recognized new to Korea: S. infumata (Matsumura), Z. koannania Matsumura, Z. hubeiensis Chou et Huang, and Z. kuwayamae (Matsumura). Previous record of one species, Z. pterophoroides (Westwood, 1851), is removed from the list of Korean fauna because it was erroneously reported, based on a misidentification. All species are described and illustrated, and identification keys to genera and species are provided.     

Comparative trichome morphology in feather-legged assassin bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Holoptilinae)

The trichome in ant-feeding Holoptilinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) comprises remarkable modifications of abdominal sternites 2 and 3. It has been hypothesized that this structure plays a role in attracting and drugging ants. In the present study the trichome of 14 species of Holoptilini, comprising 11 species of Ptilocnemus Westwood and representatives of three additional genera of Holoptilini, is examined using scanning electron and light microscopy. The astoundingly diverse species-level modifications of sternites and vestiture are described and primary homology hypotheses are proposed. The trichome provides species-specific diagnostic characters within Ptilocnemus and evidence for species-groups within the genus, but also for the sistergroup relationship of Ptilocnemus and Smiliopus Bergroth. The comparative morphology establishes a framework for investigations into systematics, functional morphology, and behavioral ecology of these myrmecophagous assassin bugs.     

The correct name of the neotropical soybean bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

A species of Neomegalotomus is an occasional pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in the neotropics, including in Brazil. It was known as Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood); but the discovery of the type specimen of a species described earlier requires that the name be changed to Neomegalotomus simplex (Westwood), which becomes the correct name for the soybean pest.     

Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The southern African genus Macroderes Westwood is revised. Six new species, M. amplior n. sp., M. minutus n. sp., M. endroedyi n. sp., M. namakwanus n. sp., M. foveatus n. sp., and M. cornutus n. sp., are described.The neotype of M. bias (Olivier) is designated.Two new synonymies are established: M. pilula Sharp is a junior synonym of M. bias (Olivier), and M. westwoodi Preudhomme de Borre is a junior synonym of M. undulatus Preudhomme de Borre. A key to species and notes on biology and distribution are given.     

Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species

Background  

Whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are two of the most widespread and damaging whitefly species. To complete their unbalanced diet, whiteflies harbor the obligatory bacterium Portiera aleyrodidarum. B. tabaci further harbors a diverse array of secondary symbionts, including Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Fritschea. T. vaporariorum is only known to harbor P. aleyrodidarum and Arsenophonus. We conducted a study to survey the distribution of whitefly species in Croatia, their infection status by secondary symbionts, and the spatial distribution of these symbionts in the developmental stages of the two whitefly species.