一株马桑根瘤内生菌纯培养物的分类鉴定

从尼泊尔马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)根瘤中分离到一株内生菌纯培养物Cs146,它能使生长在半固体琼脂斜面和珍珠岩上的原寄主植物结瘤。该纯培养物具有Frankia属典型的形态和培养特征。在放线菌样的菌丝体上着生有泡囊和孢囊。在28～30℃下均能在液体和固体培养基上缓慢生长。菌丝呈橙黄色,产淡黄色可溶性色素,无气丝。但是,菌株Cs146的生理类型;细胞壁氨基酸组分和全细胞糖型等均与已知弗兰克氏菌有明显差别。因此认为,马桑根瘤内生菌Cs146应为Frankia类群中一个与其他弗兰克氏菌不同的新成员。     

尼泊尔马桑根瘤内生菌纯培养物的质粒检测

采用胶内裂解法快速检测了21株马桑根瘤内生菌纯培养物和4株弗兰克氏菌参考菌株的质粒,其中有5株马桑分离菌株和1株参考菌株含有质粒。除马桑菌株和参考菌株各有1株携带2个质粒外,其它菌株均只含有1个质粒。这些质粒的分子量约为13～20kb。根据所含质粒的大小和数目,将21株马桑分离菌株划分成4个质粒类群。实验还对菌丝体生长,细胞酶解和裂解等条件对质粒检测效果的影响进行了探讨。     

里杜霉素产生菌的鉴定

从广东省崖县的土壤中,分离出一株产生里杜霉素(Lividomycin)的放线菌,编号为3897-5。该菌株孢子丝直至波曲,孢子链含10—15个孢子,孢子卵圆至柠檬形,表面光滑或略糙;在合成培养基上气生菌丝体灰色至蓝灰色;基内菌丝体白、灰、蓝灰或黄棕色;在多种培养基内不产生类黑色素;在苹果酸钙等培养基上可形成菌核。细胞壁化学组分为I型。根据形态、培养特征及生理生化特性,该菌株属于钦氏菌属,与该属中的已知种均不相同,认为是一新种,命名为崖县钦氏菌(Chainia yaxianensis n. sp. Yan et al)。     

抗真菌抗菌素414的研究I．球孢玫瑰紫链霉菌(Streptomycesgloboroseoviolaceus n. sp.)的分类学研究

从我国江西南昌土壤中分离到一株抗真菌抗菌素414的产生菌,具有松螺旋形的孢子丝,气生菌丝体玫瑰粉红色,基内菌丝体紫红褐色和无可溶性色素等特征。根据形态和在各种培养基上的培养特性以及其他生理特性等方面的研究,该菌株系属于球孢链霉菌类群,但不同于所有已知的种,定名为球孢玫瑰紫链霉菌(Streptomyces globoroseoviolaceus n. sp.)。     

诺卡氏菌科的分类研究I．拟诺卡氏菌属中的一个新种

对4．215菌株进行形态、培养特征、生理生化特性等方面的研究结果表明,该菌株基丝有横隔,断裂,茉莉黄,风帆黄,无气丝,细胞壁化学组份III型,糖类型C(即无特征性糖),无诺卡氏菌特征性类脂A。因此,认为该菌株为拟诺卡氏菌属中的一个新种,定名为略黄拟诺卡氏菌 Nocardiopsis flavidus n. sp.。     

一株弗兰克氏菌分类鉴定的研究

从中国沙棘(Nippophae rhamnoidel LI s叩．tinensis Roun)根瘤中分离出一株生孢囊的放线菌Fran&㈦P．HRl04。经回接试验证实,它可以侵染寄主植物,形成能够固氮的有效根瘤。通过形态和培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁组份及DNA中G+c含量等的研究,表明这株菌与已经研究和描述过的弗兰克氏菌有差别,特别是胞壁型不同,可能属于一个尚未研究过的新属。本文还对弗兰克氏菌的分类标准和鉴定方法进行了初步探讨。     

弗兰克氏菌的G+C含量和DNA杂交

对一些弗兰克氏菌的遗传和生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,7株菌可以分为3个基因群。从木麻黄(Caswarina equisetifolia)分离的菌株可以划为一个基因群(与菌株S-103的DNA同源性在74％以上),这是国外尚未报道的新基因群。其他两株弗兰克氏菌菌株Ar14(从赤杨根瘤分离)和Ptll(从Purshia根瘤分离)分别形成另外两个基因群,这与An的报道一致。7株弗兰克氏菌DNA的G+C mol％在69-73。S-103基因群菌株不利用糖类,仅利用简单的有机酸盐。而菌株ArI4和Ptll则利用一些糖和有机酸盐作为碳源。     

弗兰克氏菌生物学特性的研究

对自欧美和亚洲不同地理环境、不同科属寄主植物根瘤分离的35株菌的研究结果表明,菌株均具有典型的弗兰克氏菌特征。其中由胡颓子属植物分离的4株菌具有串珠状特异菌丝体结构。全细胞氨基均含有meso-DAP,全细胞糖均为D型。均具有不同程度的固氮酶(乙炔还原)活性,并在乙炔注入后24—72小时活性倍增,同时在48—72小时活性达到最高。根据对糖和丙酮酸钠的利用,可将供试35株菌分为2群4亚群。     

亚嗜盐链霉菌新种的鉴定

在分离极端嗜盐细菌的过程中,在含25％NaGI的Gibbons[1]培养基上发现一个放线菌菌落A75,经两代转种之后便不再生长。此菌仅能在含5—8％NaCI的Gibbons培养基上较好地生长,当NaGl浓度高于18％时则完全不生长。经鉴定,此菌株属于链霉菌属中的白孢(Albosporus)类群[2],但它与本类群中的已知种差异明显。在不另外添加NaCl的其它供试培养基上,一般不产生气生菌丝体,对供试碳源均不利用。在5—8％NaGl的Gibbons培养基上孢子丝呈白色,常成圈,幼龄菌落形成同心圆,液体培养菌体呈团状。在普戈二氏基础培养基[3]中添加8％ NaCl,除D-木糖和L-阿拉伯糖外,对多种碳源均可利用,但生长弱。经鉴定认为A75菌株是链霉菌属中的一个新种,命名为亚嗜盐链霉菌(Streptomyces subhalophilus n.sp．)。     

弗兰克氏菌属的分类

弗兰克氏(Frankia)菌属是一种能在某些灌木或乔木的根上形成固氮根瘤的放线菌。1978年,该菌的体外培养获得成功(Callaham等,1978)。虽然菌株的生长慢,但都能在较简单的培养基上生长,属好气和微好气菌,本文从形态学、化学、生理学和血清学的性质对弗兰克氏菌属的分类进行简要论述。 形态学 在宿主植物根瘤和人造培养基中,弗兰克氏菌能显示出相同的形态特征,即,1)长     

尼泊尔马桑根瘤维管束形态发育研究

以生物制片和光学显微技术研究了尼泊尔马桑根瘤维管束的形态结构和发育特点。尼泊尔马桑根瘤维管束呈多重二叉分枝的树状结构,这是由根瘤顶端分生组织不断分裂形成的。它在基部与植物维管系统联成一体,在本质上是由植物侧根原基衍生而来。马桑根瘤维管束的这种形态结构和发育特点不同于豆科植物根瘤,也不同于杨梅属、木麻黄属等非豆科植物的根瘤。     

马桑结瘤固氮与光合作用的关系

马桑(Coriaria sinica)植株的结瘤量、根瘤固氮活性和固氮能力均与植株叶面积和光合能力呈显著的直线相关关系,叶面积大、光合能力强的植株结瘤量大,根瘤固氮活性高,固氮能力强。马桑根瘤固氮活性呈白天升高夜间降低的昼夜变化特点,昼夜变幅为10～20μmol C2H2/g.h,光合作用是引起固氮活性昼夜变化的主要因素,同时受土壤温湿度的影响,遮阴或光照不足将引起马桑结瘤固氮能力的大幅度降低。     

The nodular endophytes of Coriaria spp. form a distinct lineage within the genus Frankia

Repeated attempts at isolating the Frankia endophyte of Coriaria spp. have not yielded infective microbial cultures that could fulfil Koch's postulates. In order to circumvent the critical isolation step, nodule endophytes of Coriaria were characterized directly by means of specific amplification of nodule DNA (PCR) followed by sequencing of part of the 16S rDNA gene. Three closely related sequences were obtained from nodules originating from France, Mexico and New Zealand, containing unique sequences different from all other Frankia strains characterized so far. The sequences obtained were closest (with 5 or 6 substitutions) to those of Frankia alni and those of Casuarina-infective Frankia strains, respectively. Two nucleotides unique to the Coriaria endophyte sequences were used to define specific primers, resulting in a hybridization test that could discriminate between Frankia DNAs originating from Coriaria nodules and those recovered from all cultured Frankia strains tested. The endophytes of Coriaria thus appear to form a distinct Frankia lineage.     

褪黑素对马桑内酯致痫大鼠海马内SP水平的影响

目的探讨褪黑素（melatonin,MT）对马桑内酯致痫大鼠海马内P物质水平的影响,以探讨褪黑素的抑痫作用机制。方法随机将健康成年雄性SD大鼠40只分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组10只。A组：生理盐水组;B组：马桑内酯组;C组：褪黑素＋马桑内酯组;D组：Luzindole＋褪黑素＋马桑内酯组。观察并记录行为学变化,然后分别采用免疫组织化学方法进行SP免疫组织化学染色,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测海马内SP mRNA含量变化。结果B组和D组大鼠均有不同程度的癫痫发作,而C组大鼠癫痫发作不明显,A组几乎均无发作;免疫组化结果显示,四组大鼠海马各区均有SP免疫反应阳性神经元,B组、D组与A组、C组比海马内SP免疫阳性反应明显增强（P〈0.05）,而A组与C组比无明显差异（P〉0.05）;RT-PCR结果提示,B组、D组与A组、C组相比,大鼠海马内SP mRNA明显升高（P〈0.05）,而A组与C组比无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论MT能通过下调海马内SP水平抑制癫痫发作。     

尼泊尔马桑放线菌共生固氮根瘤的感染和发育

弗兰克氏放线菌通过感染尼泊尔马桑的根毛侵入根的皮层细胞。由于内生菌侵入的刺激,部分皮层细胞分裂和增大,产生前根瘤原基。根瘤原基分裂、分化,形成初生根瘤瘤片。瘤片顶端分生组织不断双叉分枝,发育,并伴随着内生菌感染的寄主细胞,产生多次双叉分枝的珊瑚状根瘤。观察瘤片的横切面,含菌组织是一个马蹄形的致密整体,不完全地包围着稍偏的中柱。观察瘤片的纵切面,可将其划分为6个区域,即顶端分生组织,未感染皮层细胞组织、新感染含菌组织、成熟含菌组织、衰老含菌组织和中柱及其外围数层富含淀粉粒的皮层细胞。     

EFFECT OF RHUS CORIARIA L. (ANACARDIACEAE) ON SUPEROXIDE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae) is a well-known spice in the Middle-East and grown in the Central and East Anatolia region of Turkey. A methanolic extract (water-soluble part constituents) of R. coriaria, was found to be an uncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and scavenger of superoxide radical in vitro with IC 50 values of 172.5 μg/mL and 232 μg/mL respectively. Superoxide radicals were generated either by an enzymatic or a non-enzymatic system, and scavenging ability was evaluated by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. This study provides evidence that a crude extract of R. coriaria exhibits interesting antioxidant properties, expressed either by the capacity to scavenge superoxide radical or to uncompetitively inhibit xanthine oxidase.     

Isolation and characterization of Frankia from nodules of actinorhizal plants of Pakistan

Frankia strains have been isolated from actinorhizal nodules of Alnus (2 strains), Casuarina (5 strains), Coriaria (1 strain), Datisca (3 strains), Elaeagnus (1 strain) and Hippophae (1 strain). The isolates were characterized for their growth on various carbon and nitrogen sources, nitrogen-fining ability in culture and nodulation of seedlings of the original host plant.     

Coriaria Lactone Increased the Intracellular Level of Calcium through the Voltage-gated Calcium Channels in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

To investigate the effects of Coriaria Lactone (CL), an epileptogenic substance, on intracellular levels of calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i) and physiological properties of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Ratiometric calcium imaging using Fura Red and whole-cell voltage patch-clamp technique were explored on freshly isolated rat hippocampal neurons exposed to CL. Coriaria Lactone increased [Ca²⁺]_i from 118 ± 21 to 440 ± 35 nM; VGCCs and calcium influx through NMDA receptor served as the main routes of entry. Coriaria Lactone could enhance both Low voltage activated (LVA) and High voltage activated calcium currents in a concentration-dependent way, and its effect on LVA current was more potent (about 60%). The increased calcium currents were accompanied by the shift of voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation to more positive potentials. These effects of CL, especially its impact on LVA current, could activate different calcium-dependent signaling pathways, and influence cellular excitable properties as well, which might play an important role in CL’s epileptogenic process. Q. Zhang and X. Lai contributed equally to this article.