再论扬子区中、晚奥陶世和志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的源区及对一些珊瑚属的讨论

扬子区中、晚奥陶世和兰多维列世四射珊瑚产出丰富,尤以卡拉道克期(Caradoc)--兰多维列世(Llandovery)最为繁盛.文中修正厘定的四射珊瑚共113属[包括中奥陶世2属,晚奥陶世25属,兰多维列世86属].其中有39个属(包括何心一、陈建强,2004已报道的27属和本文新补充的12属)最早出现在扬子区,尔后扩...     

论扬子区中晚奥陶世和志留纪四射珊瑚的分类及一些科属的演化

扬子区中奥陶世至早、晚志留世产有丰富的四射珊瑚,尤其Ashgill期中、晚期和Llandovery世的Aero-nian—Telychian期产出珊瑚最盛。据已报道统计,该地区共有四射珊瑚124属,包括中、晚奥陶世31属,早志留世(Llandovery世)87属,晚志留世6属。其中有一些属的分类位置以及属征各家仍存在分歧。对扬子区中、晚奥陶世和志留纪四射珊瑚群已发表和笔者手中尚存资料进行系统整理之后,提出该区奥陶纪、志留纪四射珊瑚的分类意见并加以讨论,共分3个目:即扭心珊瑚目(Streptelasmatida),柱珊瑚目(Columnariida)和泡沫珊瑚目(Cystiphyllida)。其中扭心珊瑚目含有46属,分属7个科,柱珊瑚目包含37属,分属14个科,而泡沫珊瑚目包含41属,分属9个科。此外,文中提出扬子区中、晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚某些科、属的演化趋向并加以适当讨论。     

川南甘洛黔北仁怀地区晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料及其地质意义

报道首次在川南甘洛田坝地区晚奥陶世晚期Hirnantian期观音桥层中发现四射珊瑚Borelasma,Crassilasma和Streptelasma等属,这一珊瑚群可与黔北毕节、仁怀地区同期的四射珊瑚群对比,进一步表明扬子区晚奥陶世晚期的四射珊瑚与北欧斯堪的纳维亚同期的珊瑚群关系密切。首次报道川南甘洛田坝早志留世的四射珊瑚Brachyelasma,Crassilasma和Entelophyllum3属,这一属群可与上扬子区重庆綦江早志留世石牛栏组或滇东北大关地区早志留世Telychian期早期嘶风崖组四射珊瑚群对比。文中还报道黔北仁怀石场晚奥陶世观音桥层2个四射珊瑚新种,即Brachyelasma concavitabulatum sp．nov．和Crassilasma obliquitabulatum sp．nov．。     

滇东北大关地区志留纪兰多维列世晚期(Telychian期)的四射珊瑚动物群

对大关地区的Telychian期嘶风崖组和大路寨组的四射珊瑚进行详细研究。嘶风崖组计有四射珊瑚18属34种,大路寨组计有四射珊瑚9属10种。描述四射珊瑚12 属19 种,其中1 新属, 5 新种,分别是:Protoketo phyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P.convolutus sp. nov., Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov.。论述了嘶风崖组和大路寨组四射珊瑚动物群特征及其地质意义,尤其是嘶风崖组的四射珊瑚代表了上扬子区Telychian早期的四射珊瑚动物群,完善了上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的序列和对研究该阶段四射珊瑚辐射期的进一步分析具有重要意义。     

应用聚类分析研究十字珊瑚亚科的分类并探讨其起源与演化

提要具分裂繁殖的十字珊瑚类在我国扬子区兰多维列统（Llandovery）分布广泛,属种繁多,有重要的地层意义．但长期以来关于该类群的分类位置及各属的定义和范围各家意见不一。文章应用Q型聚类分析研究十字珊瑚类的分类．提出十字珊瑚亚科可分为7属．即：Stauria Milne-Edwards et Haime, Cystostauria He et Li, Ceriaster Lindstrom. Eostauria He et Li. Paraceriaster Y. X. He. Parastauria He et Li. Massparaseriaster nora. provis. 对7个属分别给予简要定义。文中对十字珊瑚亚科的起源、演化及扩散进行探讨．并分析各属可能的演化亲缘关系。资料表明．最原始最早期的Eostauria属很可能起源于澳大利亚的新南威尔士晚奥陶世的Palaeophyllum的某一种群．后在早兰多维列世晚期扩散到扬子区．在中兰多维列世的爱隆期（Aeronian）迅速繁衍,产生许多新属种,因而扬子区在兰多维列世是十字珊瑚类的演化中心。除少数类群,如：Eostauria,Ceriaster．Stauria在晚兰多维列世或文洛克世（Wenlock）早期分别迁移到中亚地区和欧洲,多数类群在扬子区晚兰多维列世的早、中期因不适应环境巨变而快速衰亡。     

黔北晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料

报道黔北早志留志中期（Middle Llandovery)地层中新发现的四射珊瑚7属--Cantrillia,Neocantrillia,Prototryplasma,Pycnostylus,Dalmanophyllum?.Rhegmaphyllum,Schlotheimophyllum,并描述产自黔东北石阡奥陶纪末期（Late Ashgill)观音桥层四射珊瑚2种--Grewingkia cf.bilateralis Neuman,Brachyelasma cf.medioseptatum(Neuman)及晚奥陶世（Early Ashgill期）涧草沟组中首次发现的四射珊瑚Crassilasma sp.。全文共描述四射珊瑚13属18种,其中6新种,它们是Crassilasma fenggangense sp.nov.,C.crebrumseptatum sp.nov.,Dinophyllum insolitum sp.nov.,Neocantrillia silurica sp.nov.,Prototryplasma guizhouense sp.nov.,Schlotheimophyllum regeneranum sp.nov.。     

黔北晚奥陶世Hirnantian期观音桥层四射珊瑚新资料及其地质意义

报道黔北毕节、仁怀和石阡地区晚奥陶世Hirnantian期观音桥层中首次发现的四射珊瑚Axiphoria,Bodophyllum,Dalmanophyllum,Leolasma,Brachyelasmaunicum(Neuman),Grewingkiaanguinea(Scheffen),结合前人报道的该层所产的Borelasma,Kenophyllum,Streptelasma,Ullernelasma等属,进一步表明黔北观音桥层四射珊瑚动物群与斯堪的纳维亚(Scandinavia)、中亚、阿尔泰地区同期珊瑚群关系密切。该动物群对阐明晚奥陶世四射珊瑚古地理关系具有重要意义。黔北观音桥层四射珊瑚十分丰富,总计有18属39种。文中共描述10属12种,其中1新属3新种,即AmplexobrachyelasmaHeetChengen.nov.,GrewingkiadensicolumnaHeetChensp.nov.,KenophyllumfossulatumHeetChensp.nov.,LeolasmaqianbeienseHeetChensp.nov.。     

滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚动物群

对滇东曲靖地区晚志留世(Ludlow晚期一Prodoli早期)四射珊瑚群详细研究并对某些珊瑚属种作了修订。文中特别对关底组和妙高组的珊瑚群特征及其分布加以论述。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚共有22属,44种(包括关底组、妙高组与玉龙寺组产的珊瑚)。其中泡沫珊瑚类Holmophyllum,Cystiphyllum和Ketophyllum占优势,其次是柱珊瑚类Kyphophyllum,Micula和Pilophyllum等属,而扭心珊瑚类代表很少,仅有Brachyelasma,Rukhinia和Phaulactis属首次发现在滇东晚志留世地层中。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚群与西秦岭同期四射珊瑚有密切联系,同时,与乌拉尔(Ural)同期珊瑚群也有些相似。文中共描述四射珊瑚17属,23种,其中3新种,即Cystiphyllum minutum sp．nov．,Ketophyllum qujingense sp．nov．,Phaulactis vesicularis sp．nov．。     

论奇异珊瑚属(Idiophyllum)

一、前言Idiophyllum Cao,1975属的构造比较复杂,是志留纪四射珊瑚中比较特殊的类型,对这类珊瑚的详细研究,有助于认识晚奥陶世至中志留世四射珊瑚演变发展的历史。Idiophyllum属的分类位置,自建属以来,争议较多,不同的作者对它的定义范围及其系统归属持不同的看法。在陕南、川北一带中志留统宁强组中。Idio-     

塔里木盆地西部西克尔兰多维列统珊瑚动物群北大核心CSCD

提要描述的珊瑚化石采自塔里木盆地西部伽师县西克尔地区,含珊瑚的地层是兰多维列统的柯坪塔格组。柯坪塔格组是目前塔里木盆地唯一有珊瑚的志留纪地层,西克尔又是塔里木盆地仅知有柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群的地区,对我国志留纪古生物地理区系研究有重要意义。文内描述的柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群包含床板珊瑚2属3种,日射珊瑚1属2种和皱纹珊瑚1属1种,属种名单是Paleofavosites schmidti Sokolov,P.schmidti borealis Sokolov,Schedohalysites raregonopora sp.nov.,Mcleodea jiashiensis sp.nov.,M.xikeerensis sp.nov.和Kodonophyllum cf.undulatun He and Huang。     

Early Silurian (Rhuddanian) rugose corals and sponges from the Ak-Kerme Peninsula,Kazakhstan

An assemblage of earliest Silurian (Llandovery, Rhuddanian) fossils from South Kazakhstan (Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Lake Balkhash) contains solitary rugose corals (Calostylis denticulata, Streptelasma? sp., and Cystipaliphyllum sp.) and the demosponge Calycocoelia typicalis, which are described here. This assemblage occurs with previously described brachiopods and constitutes a post extinction survival fauna; such faunas are poorly known and this study fills a gap in our knowledge. All three genera of Rugosa were transitional across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary and are also reported from other parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan during the Llandovery. Streptelasma had already been present in Kazakhstan during the Ordovician, while during the Rhuddanian Calostylis immigrated from Baltica or China, and Cystipaliphyllum from the Australian part of Gondwana. Demosponges are rare during the Llandovery but probably had a cosmopolitan distribution. Calycocoelia typicalis marks the first Rhuddanian record of lithistid demosponges, and the first record of Silurian demosponges from Kazakhstan.     

从底栖生物化石再释贵州独山泥盆系龙洞水段的时代

贵州独山的猴儿山组龙洞水段是一套浅海相碳酸盐沉积,盛产底栖牛物化石.通过对该段地层中所含四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚和腕足类等化石属种的详尽分析,再次证实龙洞水段的地质时代仍应属中泥盆世早期(Eifelian).而不是像某些根据痕迹化石或层序地层学的研究那样将它置于下泥盆统.     

Early Silurian(Telychian)rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province,China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation(early Telyehian)and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian)in Daguan area,northeast Yunnan Province,China was carded out.Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species,while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera,ten species.We described rugose coral fauna(12 genera,19 species)including one new genus and five new species,i.e.Protoketophyllum daguanense gen.et sp.nov..Crassilasma huanggexiense sp.nov.,Pseudophaulactis heae sp.nov.,P.convolutus sp.nov.,and Shensiphyllum minor sp.nov..The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed.Particularly,mgose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian(Llandovery)mgose coral assemblages in Yangtze region.It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch.     

Reef reconstruction after extinction events of the latest ordovician in the Yangtze platform,South China

Summary Early Silurian reef reconstruction on the Yangtze Platform, in the northern part of the South China Block, is preceded by a combination of regional and global processes. During most of Ashgill time (Late Ordovician), the area was dominated by Wufeng Formation deep water graptolitic black shales. Reefs largely disappeard in the middle of the Ashgill Stage, from the northwestern margin of Cathaysian Land (southeastern South China Block), in advance of the Late Ordovician glaciation and mass extinction, due to regional sea-level changes and regional uplift, unrelated to the mass extinction itselt. Late Ordovician microbial mudmound occurrence is also found in the western margin of the Yangtze Platform, its age corresponding to theDicellograptus complexus graptolite biozone of pre-extinction time. On the Yangtze Platform, a thin, non-reef-bearing carbonate, the Kuanyinchiao Formation (=Nancheng Formation in some sites), thickness generally no more than 1m, occurs near several landmasses as a result of Hirnantian regression. Reappearance of the earliest Silurian carbonates consisting of rare skeletal lenses in the upper part of Lungmachi Formation, are correlated to theacensus graptolite biozone, early Rhuddanian of Shiqian, northeastern Guizhou, near Qianzhong Land. Carbonate sediments gradually developed into beds rich in brachiopods and crinoids in the lower part of Xiangshuyuan Formation, middle Rhuddanian. In the middle part of Xiangshuyan Formation, biostromes, containing abundant and high diversity benthic faunas such as corals, crinoids and brachiopods, show beginnings of reconstruction of reef facies. Substantial reef recovery occurred in the upper part of Xiangshuyuan Formation, lower Aeronian, as small patch reefs and biostromes. During the late Aeronian, carbonate sediments, especially reefs and reef-related facies, expanded on the upper Yangtze Platform, and radiation of reefs occurred in Ningqiang Formation, upper Telychian. The long period of reef recovery, taking several million years, remains difficult to explain, because redistribution of any refugia faunas would be expected to take place soon after the extinction. Reefs and reef-related facies subsequently declined after Telychian time due to regional uplift of the major portion of the Yangtze Platform. Carbonate facies are therefore uncommon in South China during the rest of Silurian time.     

贵州湄潭志留纪初期三叶虫动物群及其意义*

志留纪兰多维列世(Llandovery)鲁丹期(Rhuddanian)是奥陶纪末生物大灭绝后的残存期和复苏期。志留纪初期冈瓦纳大陆边缘壳相地层稀少,多数地区为沉积间断或笔石相地层,研究底栖壳相生物残存-复苏期的宏演化普遍缺乏理想材料,而华南上扬子区贵州湄潭地区发育了志留纪早期的壳相地层,即五里坡层(鲁丹阶中部)和牛场组(鲁丹阶上部),为探索这一关键地史时期三叶虫动物群宏演化型式及其背景机制提供了依据。贵州湄潭岩坪剖面和高江剖面的五里坡层和牛场组共发现三叶虫7目11科15属(含亚属)17种(含1新种、3未定种),根据其属级分类单元的时空分布规律,将这些三叶虫识别为5种宏演化类型:即减缩幸存型、扩增幸存型、复活幸存型、新生型和死支漫步型。不同类型的属级分类单元在大灭绝中具有不同的宏演化型式,体现出其应对灾变而采取的不同的生存策略。减缩幸存型和复活幸存型是大灭绝后生态系统复苏和再次辐射的主要源泉,它们的发展在一定程度上影响着整个生态系统的宏演化进程;新生型的出现则标志着大灭绝后环境的实质性改善,三叶虫的全面复苏也随之到来。     

Early Silurian (Telychian) rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan province, China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation (early Telychian) and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian) in Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province, China was carried out. Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species, while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera, ten species. We described rugose coral fauna (12 genera, 19 species) including one new genus and five new species, i.e. Protoketophyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P. convolutus sp. nov., and Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov. The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed. Particularly, rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian (Llandovery) rugose coral assemblages in Yangtze region. It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch. __________ Translated from Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2005, 44(2): 229–246 [译自: 古生物学报, 2005, 44(2): 229–246]     

华南中泥盆世艾菲尔期浅海相四射珊瑚的组合特征和古生物地理区系

虽然在华南中泥盆世艾菲尔期(Eifelian)较深水或斜坡相地层中产有许多国际标准的牙形类带化石,但在广阔的浅海相地层中却很难寻觅到其踪影。华南浅海相沉积地区是否缺失艾菲尔阶?在野外众多剖面的实地考察中表明,从下泥盆统埃姆斯阶到中泥盆统吉维特阶都是连续沉积,中间并没有发现地层的缺失或间断现象。浅海相的艾菲尔阶与其上覆的吉维特阶和下伏的埃姆斯阶都是连续沉积,说明可能是由于海水太浅,不太适合那些国际标准分子的生存而已。艾菲尔期中期末发生一次生物灭绝事件(Mid-Eifelian event),favositids,heliolitids和许多古老类型的珊瑚在地球上灭绝。华南艾菲尔期四射珊瑚可以划分成下、上两个完全不同的组合:1)Utara-tuiasinen sis-Sociop hyllum minor组合(牙形类partitus带—costatus带);2)Columnaria spinosa-Dendrostella praerhenana组合(牙形类australis带—kocklianus带)。     

STROPHOMENIDE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE CHANGWU FORMATION (LATE KATIAN, LATE ORDOVICIAN) OF CHUN'AN, WESTERN ZHEJIANG, SOUTH-EAST CHINA

Abstract:  Late Ordovician strophomenide brachiopods (superfamilies Strophomenoidea and Plectambonitoidea) from the upper Changwu Formation (mid Ashgill, late Katian) of Jianglütang, Chun'an County, western Zhejiang Province, consist of ten genera and 12 species. Five new species of three new genera are recognized: Chunanomena triporcata , Chunanomena sembellina , Cheramomena subsolana , Lateriseptomena modesta , and Lateriseptomena rugosa . The strophomenide brachiopods from the upper Katian strata described in this study and those from the border region of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces reported in previous work contain 16 strophomenoid and 12 plectambonitoid genera, and most of the strophomenoids are endemic to South China. Numerical analysis of well-documented late Katian strophomenide brachiopod faunas indicates a strong provincialism, characterized by the highly distinct North American province (Laurentia), the South China-Kazakhstan province, and the Avalonia-Baltica province (Wales, Belgium and Sweden). Surprisingly, the Girvan district of Scotland, which was a peri-Laurentian terrane during the Ordovician, contains a late Katian brachiopod fauna that is more closely related to the contemporaneous brachiopods of Avalonia-Baltica than to those of North America.