实验证明三种蛇毒有抗癌作用

中国科学院昆明动物研究所的研究人员近年来将眼镜蜿科的蛇毒对腹水癌细胞的作用进行研究,经过动物体外试验、体内试验和接种率试验观察发现,眼镜王蛇毒、眼镜蛇毒、金环蛇毒有抗癌作用,其中以眼镜王蛇毒、金环蛇毒和金环蛇毒细胞毒素抗癌作用最强,     

用蛇毒治癌取得疗效

据报道,辽宁省清原县解放军蛇毒临床应用研究中心开展蛇毒的抗癌作用研究,现已开始过渡到临床应用。该中心与十几家医院协作,临床应用蛇毒治疗一千多例癌症患者,包括胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、肠癌等,均有不同程度好转。大部分癌症患者自觉症状有所减轻,食欲增加,睡眠好转,有的肿块缩小。研究中心主任覃公平、付主任胡征林介绍,蛇毒抗癌作用的机理主要是:蛇毒的细胞毒能破坏肿瘤细胞、抑制肿瘤生长;蛇毒的神经毒有较强的镇     

青龙蛇药抗蛇毒中毒的实验研究

本文总结对青龙蛇药抗蛇毒中毒作用进行研究的买验结果,经动物实验证明,青龙蛇药口服对眼镜蛇毒、眼镜王蛇毒、五毒蛇毒及蝮蛇毒中毒的小白鼠有明显的保护作用,而对银环蛇毒中毒的保护率很低;还证明该药有对抗蛇毒的出血毒性、溶血毒性、毛细血管损伤及组织坏死的作用。     

蛇毒抗肝癌作用的研究

眼镜蛇毒具有抗肝癌作用.我们采用多种小鼠移植性肝癌研究了眼镜蛇毒抗肝癌作用.通过多项指标的体内实验证实眼镜蛇毒经腹腔给药,对小鼠腹水型肝癌 H_(22)(HepA)均有明显的抑制作用,其生存时间,癌重生长抑制率接近5-Fu.我们认为眼镜蛇毒是一种新型的,有一定抗癌活性药物,有在临床上进一步研究的价值.     

蛇毒神经毒的镇痛作用的研究

蛇毒神经毒的镇痛作用的研究沈阳生物资源医用研究所覃志忠经过对中华眼镜蛇毒中神经毒的一系列研究,发现其有较为理想的镇痛作用。我们通过观察小白鼠的热痛觉实验对此进行了探讨：一、神经毒的制备：制备神经毒用的原料系中国蛇协蛇毒研究所提供的眼镜蛇毒（Ｎａｊａｎ...     

八种常见国产蛇毒对白血病细胞杀伤作用研究

用体外细胞培养的方法,观察了我国常见的八种蛇毒（眼镜蛇毒、蝮蛇毒、眼镜王蛇毒、竹叶青蛇毒、蝰蛇毒、烙铁头蛇毒、银环蛇毒及金环蛇毒）对人白血病Ｔ淋巴细胞系ＣＥＭ细胞、人单核细胞白血病Ｕ９３７细胞及人早幼粒细胞白血病ＨＬ６Ｏ细胞的生长曲线、存活率及分裂指数的影响。结果发现八种常见蛇毒中眼镜蛇毒对白血病细胞的杀伤作用最强,蝮蛇毒次之（与空白对照组相比,Ｐ值均小于０．０１）,其余六种蛇毒的作用则很弱。但无论是眼镜蛇毒还是蝮蛇毒,其杀伤淋巴细胞白血病、单核细胞白血病及早幼粒细胞白血病细胞的作用之间无显著差异。     

蛇毒制剂抗肿瘤活性和机理的研究进展

该文简要综述了蛇毒制剂抗肿瘤活性及其机理。实验已证实 ,眼镜蛇、金环蛇、银环蛇等蛇毒对多株人肿瘤细胞系有杀伤和抑制作用 ,其中以眼镜蛇毒对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用最强。从蛇毒中可分离出心脏毒素、直接溶解因子、细胞毒素 (CT)、神经毒素 (NTX) ,其中 CT是作用较强的成分。这些毒素毒性都通过破坏细胞膜而实现 ,故称为膜毒素。蛇毒在体内外都有抗癌作用 ,对人高、低分化鼻咽癌细胞株 ,人慢性骨髓性白血病和小鼠肝癌均有明显的细胞毒作用 ,其半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )分别为 79μg/ ml、75μg/ ml、5.5μg/ ml、65μg/ ml,表明对白血病最…     

黑皮蛇、山白菜抗五种蛇毒的实验研究

目的研究黑皮蛇、山白菜抗五种蛇毒的药理作用。方法采用鲎试剂凝胶法对黑皮蛇、山白菜抗五种蛇毒的作用进行实验研究。结果黑皮蛇药液浓度在0.4g/ml以上、山白菜药液浓度在0.2g/ml以上,均能抗五种蛇毒与鲎试剂的凝集反应。结论黑皮蛇、山白菜有较强的抗眼镜蛇毒、竹叶青蛇毒、蝰蛇毒、蝮蛇毒和五步蛇毒作用。     

乙醇对中华眼镜蛇毒毒性的影响

目的为了探索乙醇对眼镜蛇毒毒性的影响。方法将眼镜蛇毒不同浓度致死量经不同浓度乙醇体外处理后,分别于小白鼠皮下注射、口服,将致死量蛇毒皮下注射后的小白鼠立即于局部注射乙醇,观察蛇毒毒性情况。结果小白鼠经皮下注射致死量眼镜蛇毒后,在局部注射50％（或异蛇米酒）、75％乙醇0．1～0．2ml有一定的保护作用;口服100倍皮下注射致死量眼镜蛇毒未发现有毒性表现,口服经50％乙醇处理后的眼镜蛇毒（100倍皮下注射致死量）未增加小鼠死亡率。结论眼镜蛇毒体外经过乙醇处理后毒性有所下降。口服少量的眼镜蛇毒是安全的。眼镜蛇毒与乙醇混合后口服未见蛇毒毒性增加。     

精制抗蛇毒血清救治孕妇毒蛇咬伤的临床研究

目的 观察蛇毒毒素（神经毒、血循毒、混合毒）、抗蛇毒血清制品对孕妇和胎儿有影响。方法 对6种不同毒蛇咬伤的12例孕妇,采用精制抗蛇毒血清治疗,配合抗生素、中医中药等。结果 12例患者中治愈10例,占83．3％;好转2例,占16．7％,总有效率达100％。出生后新生儿全部存活,无畸形,发育正常。结论 抗蛇毒血清治疗孕妇毒蛇咬伤有显著疗效,使用过程中无明显的过敏反应,也无流产、早产及胎儿致畸现象。研究表明,胎盘的屏障作用完全可以抵御蛇毒素、抗蛇毒血清制品对胎儿的损害,关键是要尽早使用足量的抗蛇毒血清。     

ON THE EVOLUTION OF HARMING AND RECOGNITION IN FINITE PANMICTIC AND INFINITE STRUCTURED POPULATIONS

Natural selection may favor two very different types of social behaviors that have costs in vital rates (fecundity and/or survival) to the actor: helping behaviors, which increase the vital rates of recipients, and harming behaviors, which reduce the vital rates of recipients. Although social evolutionary theory has mainly dealt with helping behaviors, competition for limited resources creates ecological conditions in which an actor may benefit from expressing behaviors that reduce the vital rates of neighbors. This may occur if the reduction in vital rates decreases the intensity of competition experienced by the actor or that experienced by its offspring. Here, we explore the joint evolution of neutral recognition markers and marker-based costly conditional harming whereby actors express harming, conditional on actor and recipient bearing different conspicuous markers. We do so for two complementary demographic scenarios: finite panmictic and infinite structured populations. We find that marker-based conditional harming can evolve under a large range of recombination rates and group sizes under both finite panmictic and infinite structured populations. A direct comparison with results for the evolution of marker-based conditional helping reveals that, if everything else is equal, marker-based conditional harming is often more likely to evolve than marker-based conditional helping.     

THE EFFECT OF THE H ION CONCENTRATION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF IRON FOR CHLORELLA SP

The data obtained in these experiments indicate clearly that unless the necessary precautions are taken to keep the iron of the culture medium in solution the results obtained by varying the H ion concentration will not represent the true effect of this factor on growth. The availability of iron in nutrient solutions has been the subject of numerous recent investigations and it is now known that iron is precipitated at the lower hydrogen ion concentrations, that the iron of certain iron salts is less likely to be precipitated than that of others, and that certain salts of organic acids tend to keep the iron in solution. In general, ferric citrate seems to be the most favorable source of iron. In addition to chemical precipitation, however, it is also possible for the iron to be removed by adsorption on an amorphous precipitate such as calcium phosphate. As this precipitate is frequently formed when nutrient solutions are made alkaline, this may account for the discordant results reported in the literature as to the availability of certain forms of iron. By omitting calcium from the culture solution iron can be maintained in a form available for growth in alkaline solutions by the addition of sodium citrate. In such solutions the maximum growth of Chlorella occurred at pH 7.5. The alkaline limit for growth has not been established as yet. In investigating the availability of iron at varying concentrations of the hydrogen ion, changes in the pH value of the solution during the course of an experiment should also be taken into account. This is especially important in unbuffered solutions. The differential absorption of the ions of ammonium salts may cause a marked increase in the hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn will cause an increase in the solubility of iron. In strongly buffered solutions as used in these experiments this effect is slight.     

灰绿拟青霉U—2菌株的生长条件及对蚜虫的感染性研究

比较了灰绿拟青霉U－2菌株在不同培养基质上的生长状况;研究了温度、pH、湿度对生长的影响以及该菌对碳源、氮源的利用情况。证明分生孢子对蚜虫（菜蚜）具有侵染力;生物测定结果资明该菌株发酵液（离心后）亦具有一定的杀蚜活性,具有深入研究的价值。     

A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE ETIOLOGY OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE

Extensive research to trace the cause of Hodgkin''s disease to a bacterial or protozoan agent has proven fruitless.Although a viral cause for Hodgkin''s disease has been previously suggested, early explorations along that line have not been confirmed. With the development of newer techniques for the study of viral characteristics certain apparently significant factors in Hodgkin''s disease have been encountered. Most promising has been the consistent demonstration that Seitz-filtered, sterile Hodgkin''s disease lymph node extract can be passed serially in fertile chicken eggs and that the amniotic fluid from these eggs possesses the capacity to interfere with the growth of influenza virus in eggs.     

INFLUENCE OF HAIR PLUCKING ON THE TURNOVER TIME OF THE EPIDERMAL BASAL LAYER

The epidermal cell kinetics of male DBA-2 mice have been studied using tritiated thymidine. Liquid scintillation data from skin punches, taken after stimulation of hair growth by plucking, agree well with similar data from DBA-1 mice. A technique has been devised for obtaining sheets of epidermal cells from haired mice. Labelling index values from these sheets show that epidermal proliferation increases after plucking and they agree well with values obtained from sections. Counts of cells per unit area of epidermis show that cells are removed by plucking.
Using an estimated value for the length of S, the turnover time of the basal layer was calculated. The growth fraction and proliferative cell cycle time have also been estimated.     

重组成骨生长肽对骨折愈合影响的实验研究

目的成骨生长肽(osteogenic growthpeptide,OGP)是具有促进成骨和刺激造血等多方面作用的14肽。本实验旨在研究重组OGP(rOGP)的促成骨活性。方法一、检验动物模型骨折后不同时期血清Ca、P、AKP(碱性磷酸酶)水平;二、作骨折断端病理切片;以观察rOGP对骨折愈合的影响。结果．rOCP具有降低血清Ca,升高血清P、AKP及加速骨折愈合的作用,且其促成骨效果明显优于目前临床常用的促成骨生物制剂骨宁注射液。结论     

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYTES ON POLLEN TUBE DEVELOPMENT

These experiments serve to show that neutral salts in amounts considerably below those commonly employed in culture solutions may be very injurious to pollen. It has been found, for example, that NaCl, one of the least toxic salts tried, excepting CaCl₂, added to a sucrose solution in a concentration of 0.0002 M, or about 11 parts per million, reduces the growth of sweet pea pollen tubes 15 per cent. When it is considered that MgCl₂ and BaCl₂ are about fifteen times as toxic as NaCl it becomes evident that the susceptibility of pollen tubes to injury by these substances amounts virtually to hypersensitiveness. On the other hand calcium salts in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.002 M markedly enhance the growth of sweet pea pollen tubes. MgCl₂ has a similar action in the case of Nicotiana. Calcium, moreover, exerts a strong protective action in the presence of the injurious monovalent cations Na and K. So far as can be determined by microchemical means these salts do not alter the wall of the pollen tube; presumably, their effect is on the protoplast itself. In the light of recent experimentation (Osterhout) with other forms better adapted to precise investigation of these phenomena it seems probable that the explanation of the facts presented here lies in changes brought about in the permeability of the cells. Since several gaps exist in our evidence, however, conclusions drawn at this time must necessarily be provisional. The highly injurious action manifested by the cations of several of the salts used indicates that they penetrate the protoplast very rapidly. Possibly in pure sucrose cultures, exosmosis is a limiting factor in pollen tube growth. The addition of salts of calcium or magnesium may favor development by retarding or preventing this outward diffusion. The protective effect of calcium in the presence of the toxic cations K and Na is best interpreted on the assumption that the entry of these latter into the protoplast is retarded by the calcium. The mode by which hydrogen ion concentration affects pollen tube growth is largely a matter of speculation. It has previously been been shown by Brink that the time relations of the growth process simulate those of an autocatalytic reaction. It has been demonstrated also that elongation of the tubes in artificial media is related to the digestion of the reserve food materials contributed by the pollen grain. In the case of the sweet pea these stored substances are largely fats and their hydrolysis may constitute the most important chemical reaction in growth. If, as seems not improbable, the other reactions involved wait upon this one, it is the "master reaction" according to Robertson''s hypothesis. If this conception really applies to the case in hand as outlined, the effect of the concentration of hydrogen ions on growth may be a direct one. It is known that the action of the fat-splitting enzyme lipase is favored by a certain amount of free acid. The maximum rate of germination of the pollen and the greatest amount of growth of the pollen tubes occur at pH 6.0. This may be due in large part to the immediate effect of this concentration of hydrogen ions upon the digestion of the reserve food.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌对三角褐指藻的化感作用研究

实验研究不同剂量(100、500和1000μL)的解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液、解淀粉芽孢杆菌代谢产物和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)及代谢产物混合液3种组合对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)生长的影响.结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌、其代谢产物和两种的混合液对三...     

粗柄鸡菌菌丝体培养和无性繁殖过程研究初报

鸡菌属菌物是一类具有商业前景的食物蕈菌。对Ｔｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｌｂｕｍｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ）Ｈｅｉｍ进行了广泛研究,其它种类的研究仅见于Ｔ．ｆｕｌｇｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ．）Ｈｅｉｍ。笔者首次对Ｔ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｓ（Ｂｅｅｌｉ）Ｈｅｉｍ粗柄鸡菌进行了纯培养研究,其菌丝体生长所需的碳源以麦芽糖为佳,葡萄糖、蔗糖次之;氮源以蛋白胨、酵母粉较好;天然材料的热水提取物,如松针、蚁巢圃、马铃薯、平菇出菇废料、蚕豆的混合物能促进菌丝生长;培养基在ｐＨ４．５左右最佳,可用０．０５％的柠檬酸调节。菌丝体纯培养很容易形成大量分生孢子和小白球菌,表明小白球菌是粗柄鸡菌菌丝体无性繁殖过程的一个阶段。     

THE EFFECTS OF PREDATION ON THE AGE AND SIZE OF MATURITY OF PREY

The effects of nonselective predation on the optimal age and size of maturity of their prey are investigated using mathematical models of a simple life history with juvenile and adult stages. Fitness is measured by the product of survival to the adult stage and expected adult reproduction, which is usually an increasing function of size at maturity. Size is determined by both age at maturity and the value of costly traits that increase mean growth rate (growth effort). The analysis includes cases with fixed size but flexible time to maturity, fixed time but flexible size, and adaptively flexible values of both variables. In these analyses, growth effort is flexible. For comparison with previous theory, models with a fixed growth effort are analyzed. In each case, there may be indirect effects of predation on the prey's food supply. The effect of increased predation depends on (1) which variables are flexible; (2) whether increased growth effort requires increased exposure to predators; and (3) how increased predator density affects the abundance of food for juvenile prey. If there is no indirect effect of predators on prey food supply, size at maturity will generally decrease in response to increased predation. However, the indirect effect from increased food has the opposite effect, and the net result of predation is often increased size. Age at maturity may either increase or decrease, depending on functional forms and parameter values; this is true regardless of the presence of indirect effects. The results are compared with those of previous theoretical analyses. Observed shifts in life history in response to predation are reviewed, and the role of size-selective predation is reassessed.