中国皿蛛科——新纪录属及天山前延首蛛的重描述（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

本文记述我国皿蛛科一新纪录属:前延首蛛届Archaraeoncus Tanasevitch 1987,并对天山前延首蛛A.tianshanicus(Hu et Wu,1989)n.comb.重新作了描述,本种的雌蛛系首次发现。本文还对Araeoncus tianschanica Hu et Wu 1989原学名命名的原始拚缀作了改正。文中测量数据均以mm为单位。     

湖南省5种皿蛛的记述（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

记述采自我国湖南省南岳、道县和双桥的皿蛛科皿蛛亚科蜘蛛５种,其中有４个新种：南岳斑皿蛛ｌｅｐｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｎａｎｙｒｅｎｓｉｓ、衡山斑皿蛛Ｌｅｐｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｈｅｎｈｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ、双刺长指蛛Ｋａｅｓｔｎｅｒｉａ ｂｉｃｕｌｔｒａｔａ和双板指蛛Ｂａｔｈｙｐｈａｎｔｅｓ ｄｉｐｅｔａｌｕｓ,１个既有种：天目中指蛛Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｍｅｒｕｓ ｔｉａｎｍｕｓｈａｎｕｓ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｓ     

湖北省盖蛛属二新种：蜘蛛目：皿蛛科

本文记述了采自湖北省神农架林区的盖蛛属Neriene二新种:鹰喙盖蛛 Neriene aquilirostralis,丽带盖蛛 Neriene calozonata。从外生殖器形态结构对新种与其近似种进行了比较。鹰喙盖蛛与人井盖蛛 N.oidedlcata Helsdingen近似;丽带盖蛛与饰斑盖蛛 N.compta Zhu et Sha 近似,但是,它们在外生殖器形态结构上存在显著差异,可以明确将其区分开。     

中国皿蛛科蜘蛛名录补遗（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

主要对作者1994年发表的皿蛛科蜘蛛名录进行了补充,其中Osteariusmelanopygius为我国新纪录种。合计我国皿蛛科蜘蛛共228种。     

我国3种皿蛛记述（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

记述我国皿蛛科蜘蛛3个新纪录种:朝鲜珍珠Macaragus coreanus Paik,1991;库山斑皿蛛Lepthyphantes kuhitangensis Tanasevitch,1988;突厥斯坦斑皿蛛Lepthyphantesturkestanicus Tanasevitch,1989.其中朝鲜珍珠的雄殊为首次发现。     

中国皿蛛科2新纪录属及2新纪录种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

记述产于新疆的我国皿蛛科微蛛亚科2新纪录属:双舟蛛属Dicymbium Mcnge 1867和长插蛛属Silometopus Simon 1926,2新纪录种:黑双舟蛛Dicymbium nigrum(Blackwall,1834)和罗氏长插蛛Silometopus reussi(Thorell,1871)。     

中国鳞蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

记述了采自我国甘肃省皿蛛科1新种:钝突鳞蛛Oslearius mulicus sp.nov.     

中国皿蛛科二新种及二新纪录（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

本文记述产自浙江和福建两省的4种皿蛛,其中2种系新种,命名为浙江斑皿蛛Lepthyphantes zhejianensis sp.nov.和中华盖蛛Neriene sinensis sp.nov.;2种系国内新记录种,尤诺盖蛛Neriene yunohamensis Bosenberg et Strand和弱马罗蛛Maro sublestus Falconer。     

四川钻头蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目,皿蛛科)

报道了采自四川的钻头蛛属1新种,螺旋钻头蛛Hylyphantes spirellus sp nov..文中详细描述了该新种的形态特征及其与近似种的比较,并附有特征图.模式标本采于四川冕宁县冶勒自然保护区,存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国吻额蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文描述了作者1986年采自湖北省神农架林区的吻额蛛属Aprifrontalia一新种:膨大吻额蛛,新种Aprifrontalia afflata sp.nov.。目前,除本新种外,世界仅报道过1种:Aprifrontalia mascula,本新种雄蛛最显著的特征是:其额向前突呈吻状,触肢胫节前端甚膨大。外雌器形成一斜向下方的突起。模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

Body size determines the outcome of competition for webs among alien and native sheetweb spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Abstract 1. Biotic invasions are one of the most important reasons for changes in biodiversity. The alien sheetweb spider Mermessus trilobatus (Araneae: Linyphiidae) has become abundant in large parts of Central Europe within the past three decades. Its invasion might negatively influence native spiders, for instance via competition for webs. 2. Laboratory experiments were developed to test if M. trilobatus is competitively superior to native spiders. The alien M. trilobatus and five native sheetweb spiders (Erigone dentipalpis, E. atra, Gnathonarium dentatum, Dicymbium nigrum and Micrargus herbigradus) were compared with respect to their success to take over occupied webs from E. dentipalpis. 3. The rate of web takeover or defence was determined by body size, whereby individuals with a wider thorax invaded webs more successfully. After taking body size into account, the frequency of defence or web takeover did not differ between species. In 13% of all confrontations, predation against generally smaller opponents was recorded. Contrary to the predictions, raising the web value with food resources did not raise the effort expended on web defence but reduced predation by the web owner. 4. The current study does not indicate that the invasion of the relatively small‐sized M. trilobatus is facilitated by strong competitiveness. Nevertheless, M. trilobatus may displace smaller‐sized immature specimens and thereby threaten native spiders. Still, other reasons are likely to underlie the success of M. trilobatus in Europe, such as rapid reproduction or release from natural enemies.     

论二叠贝类(Permianellids)

本文研究了二叠纪一类形态很特殊的腕足动物——二叠贝类。在仔细观察了迄今所有的有关材料和采用系统切面法和电镜扫描技术分析部分标本后,认为二叠贝类代表着欧姆贝目的1个新支系,即二叠贝科,包括3属,其中1新属(Laterispina gen. nov. )和1新种(Laterispina liaoi gen. et sp. nov. )。根据二叠贝类在地层分布上所显示的形态变化,将二叠贝类的形态演化分成3个阶段:早二叠世、晚二叠世早期和晚二叠世晚期。本文还探讨了二叠贝类的生态特点,认为它属近礁相生物群落中或浅海近浪基面泥质基底上生物群落中的高层附生悬食类,是二叠纪特提斯生物群的特有类群。     

国产姜科植物的染色体计数(5)

<正> 本文继续对7属15种国产姜科植物作染色体计数观察,其中10种是染色体计数的新纪录(表、图)。通过对黄花大苞姜(Caulokaempferia coenobialis)和大苞姜(C.yunnanensis)以及凹唇姜(Bosenbevgia rotunda)和心叶凹唇姜(B.fallax)的染色体观察,确定了大苞姜属(Caulokaempferia)和凹唇姜属(Bosenbergia)的染色体基数分别为12和9。     

国产姜科植物的染色体计数(6)

<正> 本文继续对5属14种姜科植物作染色体计数观察,其中8种是染色体计数的新记录(表1,图版Ⅰ)。通过对偏穗姜(Plagiostachys austrosinensis T. L.Wu & Senjen)的根尖染色体观察,初步确定偏穗姜属(Plagiostachys)的染色体基数为12,并首次报道了阳荷(Zingiber striolatum Diels)的核型。     

FEEDING OBSERVATIONS ON ACTEON TORNATILIS (LINNAEUS) (OPISTHOBRANCHIA: ACTEONIDAE)

The prey of the opisthobranch Acteon tornatilis (Linnaeus) andthe method of attack by the predator are described. The resultsof a series of choice experiments suggest that the preferredprey is the polychaete Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, althoughLanice conchilega (Pallas) is also favoured. (Received 5 February 1988; accepted 29 April 1988)     

ON THE PROTONEPHRIDIA AND 'LARVAL KIDNEYS' OF NASSARIUS (HINIA) RETICULATUS (LINNAEUS) (CAENOGASTROPODA)

Protonephridia in marine streptoneuran gastropods are describedfor the first time. The organization of these paired organsof the intracapsular veliger larva of Nassarius reticulatusis described. The ciliary flame is formed by a single terminalcell. The duct is formed by one tubular cell and the aperturalcell, which forms the lips of the excretory pore. In addition,the surface of the apertural cell is covered to a great extentby the post-velar bud cell (usually termed ‘larval kidney’).Protonephridia like these are considered to be widely distributedamong streptoneuran gastropods. The homology of these organswith those of opis-thobranchs and pulmonates is suggested. Thepost-velar buds (= ‘larval kidneys’) are suggestedas a synapomorphous character of Caenogastropoda. The functionof the postvelar buds is discussed taking into considerationthe existence of a protonephridium and a possible functionalconnection between these two structures. (Received 14 June 1990; accepted 1 September 1990)     

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON NATHORSTIANA (ISOETACEAE)

The patterns of root arrangement and stelar morphology in the Lower Cretaceous fossil Nathorstiana are essentially identical with those of extant Isoetes. These structural similarities imply a similar mode of development in both plants and are used to infer an Isoetes-like, linear, root-producing meristem along the lower end of the stele in Nathorstiana. The root-bearing base of Nathorstiana differs from that of Isoetes principally in two respects. In earlier developmental stages, the rooting base of Nathorstiana was unlobed and radially symmetrical, whereas Isoetes is originally bilobed. Unlike Isoetes, which lacks stelar elongation and sheds its root-bearing cortex at the periphery of the cortical lobes, the downward growth of the root-bearing base of Nathorstiana resulted in the accumulation of a substantial extent of axial root-bearing surface.     

纵坑切梢小蠹对云南松蛀害研究

在昆明地区,纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda L.表现出枝梢聚集、树干蛀害等重要的行为学特征,形成三种基本蛀害模式。横坑切梢小蠹、蓝色伴生真菌参与了纵坑切梢小蠹危害过程,并在其中发挥积极作用。上述因素的综合影响,加强了纵坑切梢小蠹对云南松Pinus yunnanensis寄主树木的危害能力。     

NOTES ON CULISETA (CULICELLA) ATRA (LEE) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

i
Adults of Culiseta (Culicella) atra (Lee) are redescribed; the larva is described for the first time and the pupa is figured. The relationships and origin of C. atra are discussed.     

STUDY ON XORIDES (MOEROPHORA) (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEU-MONIDAE) FROM NORTHEASTERN CHINA

Abstract  Two species of Xorides ( Moerophora ) collected in the northeastern part of China, in which one is new to science, namely Xorides ( Moerophora ) tuqiangensis Sheng sp. nov., and one, X . ( M .) jakovlevi (Kokujev) 1903, is a Chinese new record, are reported. A key is provided to distinguish the Chinese species of this subgenus.