双钢板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效及影响预后的相关因素分析

目的:研究双钢板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效,并探讨影响预后的相关因素。方法:选取2009年1月至2013年8月86例我院收治的肱骨远端C型骨折患者,按知情同意原则随机分为双钢板固定组(43例)及Y型钢板固定组(43例),2组患者均给予经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定术后再分别行双钢板及Y型钢板固定,记录两组患者的改良cassebaum肘关节评分、骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并分析影响患者预后的相关因素。结果:双钢板固定组治疗的优良率高于Y型钢板固定组(P0.05),骨折愈合时间及并发症发生率均低于Y型钢板固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);骨折类型、合并损伤、内固定方法、术后功能锻炼是影响预后的因素(P0.05)。结论:双钢板的经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定术在治疗肱骨远端C型骨折患者时有良好的疗效,合并伤、内固定方法、骨折类型、术后锻炼是影响预后的因素,应针对性地采取措施。     

小切口入路锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨小切口入路锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法:选取了80例肱骨近端骨折患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(39例)给予三角肌入路锁定钢板,观察组(41例)给予小切口入路锁定钢板治疗,通过观察并记录围手术期指标,术前术后3个月的Neer评分,术后24 h的凝血指标,随访3个月期间的并发症发生情况,评价小切口入路锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。结果:观察组手术、住院、骨折愈合所需时间均短于对照组(P0.05),两组术中出血量相比,无统计学差异(P.05),术前观察组与对照组Neer评分相比,无统计学差异(P0.05),术后3个月,观察组与对照组Neer评分均明显增加,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组凝血指标无明显差异,术后24 h,两组国际标准化比率(International Normalized Ratio,INR)相比无明显变化,血浆凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)均明显降低(P0.05)。对照组血浆纤维蛋白原(Plasma fibrinogen,FIB)水平明显升高,观察组FIB术前术后24 h无明显变化(P0.05),术后24 h,两组患者PT,APTT,INR相比无统计学差异(P0.05)观察组FIB水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。随访3个月期间,两组均未出现切口感染、血管神经损伤等严重并发症。结论:小切口入路锁定钢板对老年肱骨骨折具有较好的治疗效果,能显著改善患者肩关节功能,对血液系统影响较小,术后并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

改良肩关节前上方入路结合锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的:评价改良肩关节前上方入路结合肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的优越性。方法:分别采取改良肩前上方入路(A组)、肩峰下外侧入路(B组)和肩关节前内侧入路(C组)结合锁定近端肱骨接骨板固定治疗72例肱骨近端骨折患者。比较各组患者手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量,术后1周疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS),术后3月Constan-Murley评分和骨折愈合率之间的差异。结果:A组和B组手术时间无差异(P0.05),二者均大于C组(P0.05);A组和B组术中出血量、术后引流量及术后1周VAS评分无差异(P0.05),二者均小于C组(P0.05);术后3月,A组和B组Constan-Murley评分、骨折愈合率无差异(P0.05;P0.0125),二者均大于C组(P0.05;P0.0125)。结论:改良肩前上方入路治疗肱骨近端骨折具有创伤小的特点,同时具备术中改变切口扩大显露的灵活性,是一种治疗肱骨近端骨折安全有效的手术入路。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效分析

目的:观察肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法:肱骨近端骨折82例,随机分为两组.治疗组(n=41)用肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定,对照组(n=41)用三叶草钢板内固定.随访6-36个月,平均(18.6-± 2.3)月,观察治疗后骨折愈合情况、肩关节功能恢复情况,记录骨折愈合时间、患肩活动度.采用Neer评分法评定疗效.观察手术并发症及安全性.结果:治疗组满意率87.81％,对照组满意率70.73％.两组满意率相比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=3.976,P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后外展和外旋活动度与对照组同期相应指标比较;差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组并发症的发生率相比较,差异有显著意义(X2=4.895,P＜0.05).结论:肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折疗效肯定,安全性好.     

交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨中上段骨折的疗效对比研究

目的:分析交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨中上段骨折的疗效.方法:选择2010年1月～2011年12月在我院就诊的肱骨中上段骨折患者90例,按照随机配对将其分为两组:交锁髓内钉组和锁定钢板组,每组各45例.观察和比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、Constant肩关节评分、Mayo肘关节评分和并发症发生率.结果:两组患者均获随访,平均13(6～24)个月.锁定钢板组的治疗有效率为88.89％,而交锁髓内钉组的治疗有效率为93.33％,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但交锁髓内钉组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、Constant肩关节评分均较锁定钢板组明显缩短、减少或降低(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而两组的Mayo肘关节评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).锁定钢板组的并发症发生率为24.44％,明显高于交锁髓内钉组的6.67％(P＜0.05).结论:交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨中上段骨折的疗效接近,但交锁髓内钉组的具有创伤小,恢复快,并发症少的优点,而锁定钢板组对肩关节功能影响较小.     

肱骨近端加压锁定钢板与传统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效比较

目的比较肱骨近端加压锁定钢板与传统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床治疗效果。方法选取我院2014年1月~2015年1月骨外科门诊收治的肱骨近端骨折患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组采用肱骨近端加压锁定钢板治疗,对照组采用传统钢板治疗,比较两组的Neer功能评分、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生情况。结果两组患者Neer功能评分与治疗前比较均有明显提高,治疗组提高水平明显优于对照组;而且治疗组骨折愈合时间、并发症发生情况均低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肱骨近端加压锁定钢板相比传统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效更优,促进了患者的骨折愈合速度,降低了并发症发生率,具有临床推广和应用价值。     

肱骨近端锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效

目的:研究肱骨近端锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取92例老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者作为研究对象。根据数字法随机将患者分成观察组及对照组,各含46例。其中对照组予以解剖钢板术式治疗,观察组则予以肱骨近端的锁定加压钢板术式治疗。对比两组不同治法的疗效,两组患者的手术相关指标,两组患者治疗后的肩关节活动度以及两组患者治疗前后的Constant评分及VAS评分。结果:观察组的优良率是89.13%(41/46),显著高于对照组的76.09%(35/46),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的术程、手术出血量以及住院时间和骨折的愈合时间均分别显著少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的肩关节活动度显著大于对照组,差均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的Constant评分及VAS评分均分别显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:利用肱骨近端的锁定加压钢板术式治疗FSNH,能够帮助患者获得更为积极的临床预后,值得在临床治疗过程中推广应用。     

微创锁定接骨板与传统切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨微创锁定接骨板与传统切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取89例肱骨近端骨折患者,根据手术方法不同分为两组,观察组(45例)给予微创锁定接骨板治疗,对照组(44例)给予传统切开复位内固定治疗,比较两组手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术中出血量、术后1个月Neer和Constant-Murley评分。结果:观察组患者手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P0.05)。术后1个月,观察组Constant-Murley各项评分及总分均显著优于对照组(P0.05);按Neer评分,观察组优良率为91.1%,明显高于对照组(68.1%,P0.05)。结论:与传统切开复位内固定术相比,微创锁定接骨板能更好,安全性更高,可更快更有效地促进肱骨近端骨折患者肩关节功能的恢复。     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨和内外侧入路非截骨入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折的效果比较分析

目的:比较尺骨鹰嘴截骨和内外侧非截骨入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折的效果。方法:前瞻性选取2016年9月至2018年9月在本院进行治疗的76例肱骨髁间骨折患者作为研究对象,按照数字表法随机分为截骨组和非截骨组各38例,截骨组采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路进行治疗,非截骨组采用内外侧入路非截骨入路进行治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h出血量、X线暴露时间,术后12个月骨折延迟愈合、尺神经麻痹、关节挛缩、骨关节炎等并发症的发生率以及疗效。结果:截骨组手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h出血量、X线暴露时间明显低于非截骨组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。截骨组并发症的发生率为13.16%,非截骨组并发症发生率为26.32%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。截骨组优良率为84.21%,非截骨组优良率为71.05%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。截骨组C1、C2、C3型肱骨髁间骨折术后肘关节评分优良率分别为78.57%、88.23%、85.71%,非截骨组C1、C2、C3型肱骨髁间骨折术后肘关节评分优良率分别为86.66%、73.33%、62.50%,非截骨组C1型肱骨髁间骨折术后肘关节评分优良率略高于截骨组,截骨组C2、C3型肱骨髁间骨折术后肘关节评分优良率略高于非截骨组,但两组不同AO分型优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肱骨髁间骨折患者应用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路手术较肱三头肌内外侧非截骨入路手术具有一定的临床优势,可显著减少手术时间、术中出血量、术后24h出血量以及术中X线照射时间,并且术后肘关节功能恢复较好,在粉碎较为严重的C2、C3型肱骨髁间骨折中推广使用。     

锁定钢板与解剖钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用比较

目的探讨锁定钢板与解剖钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的pilon骨折患者91例为研究对象,根据治疗方式不同分为对照组45例和观察组46例。对照组予以解剖钢板内固定治疗,观察组患者采用锁定钢板内固定治疗,并对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较分析。结果观察组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、下地负重时间均明显短于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的优良率为91.1%,对照组的优良率为64.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前各项生活质量评分无明显差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组的生理功能、身体疼痛、总体健康、活力、情感职能、心理健康评分均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论锁定钢板内固定在pilon骨折治疗中的应用效果优于解剖钢板内固定,值得临床推广应用。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan