组织工程化软骨与富血小板血浆复合可促进软骨缺损修复

为探讨组织工程化软骨与富血小板血浆复合修复软骨缺损的效果,本研究选取了8周龄健康新西兰兔24只,依据随机数表法分为观察组(组织工程化软骨与富血小板血浆复合)和对照组(单纯软骨缺损模型),发现术后4周、8周、12周,观察组实验动物的大体评分均明显高于对照组(p0.05)。观察组实验动物的Collagen TypeⅠ、Collagen TypeⅡ相对表达水平明显高于对照组(p0.05)。两组实验动物的Collagen TypeⅩ相对表达水平无显著差异(p0.05)。观察组实验动物的软骨缺损直径和缺损深度分别为(1.02±0.35)mm、(0.96±0.27)mm,对照组实验动物的软骨缺损直径和缺损深度分别为(4.27±1.09)mm、(5.43±1.85)mm(p0.05),表明组织工程化软骨与富血小板血浆复合修复软骨缺损效果明显,能够刺激软骨相关基因表达,缩小软骨缺损范围,促进缺损软骨愈合。     

新型持续皮肤牵张器促进皮肤创面愈合的实验研究

目的：介绍自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器,探讨自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器治疗皮肤缺损的可行性和效果分析。方法：自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器8套;白色家猪6只,将每只猪的背部（两侧）切除矩形皮肤软组织缺损,形成12个创面,分为二组,实验组4只猪8个创面,对照组2只猪4个创面,创面均为10cm×6cm,实验组创面用自制持续皮肤牵张器行皮肤伸展术治疗,对照组创面自行愈合。结果：实验组与对照组每日创面缩小面积相差较多,差异有统计学意义,实验组皮肤缺损行5-6天皮肤伸展术治疗后,可直接行二期缝合关闭,对照组1周后仍存在较大皮肤缺损,无法缝合关闭。结论：应用自制持续皮肤牵张器行皮肤伸展术,可以早期快速闭合皮肤创面。自制持续皮肤牵张器克服了以往牵张器的不足,具有使用方便,效果可靠,并发症少等优点,有良好的应用前景。     

富血小板血浆与贫血小板血浆治疗中华眼镜蛇细胞毒素致小鼠皮肤溃疡的效果比较

目的 比较富血小板血浆(PRP)与贫血小板血浆(PPP)治疗中华眼镜蛇细胞毒素致小鼠皮肤溃疡的效果。方法 将中华眼镜蛇细胞毒素造模成功的30只中小鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)、PRP组(n=10)、PPP组(n=10),造模后第9天各组分别给予单纯生理盐水、PRP、PPP治疗,比较3组小鼠皮肤溃疡面积、溃疡创面愈合率、创面面积差绝对值与HE染色的病理改变。结果 低速组的PRP、PPP符合工作浓度标准。PRP凝胶、PPP凝胶治疗小鼠溃疡愈合时间可缩短3 d。PRP组与PPP组创面愈合率及3 d内面积差绝对值均大于对照组(均P<0.05)。镜下见PRP凝胶、PPP凝胶可减少炎症细胞浸润,促进小鼠上皮细胞再上皮化等病理改变。结论 PRP凝胶、PPP凝胶均可促进中华眼镜蛇伤溃疡皮肤修复,缩短愈合时间。     

负压封闭引流技术促进慢性复杂创面的愈合

目的:探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)对慢性复杂创面愈合的治疗效果。方法:选取各类慢性复杂性创面患者共65例,病程均超过3个月,将65例患者随机分为VSD组(35例)及对照组(30例)。VSD组定期更换VSD辅料;2周后视创面愈合情况,选择继续VSD治疗,或行II期修复治疗(直接拉拢缝合,皮片移植,或皮瓣移植修复)。对照组的治疗采用常规换药,即以凡士林油纱布及无菌纱布覆盖创面,内置引流条,每12 h换药一次。两组创面于治疗前及治疗后各个时间点分别对比创面愈合率及创面组织细菌计数。结果:VSD治疗组患者全部愈合,治愈率达100%,对照组30例患者中治愈率为86.7%。两组治愈率相比无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。VSD治疗组平均愈合时间为22±3.3天,对照组平均愈合时间为35±5.8天,两组愈合时间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后相同检测时间点VSD组创面细菌含量显著低于对照组,两组创面细菌含量的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在提高慢性复杂创面的愈合率及清除创面细菌方面具有显著的效果。     

树突状表皮T淋巴细胞对糖尿病小鼠创面的治疗效果

目的建立体外大量扩增高纯度小鼠树突状表皮T淋巴细胞(DETCs)培养技术,并证实外源性给予DETCs能够有效促进糖尿病小鼠创面愈合。方法通过流式细胞技术及Western Blot方法分析糖尿病及正常小鼠表皮组织中DETCs比例和IGF-1/KGF-1表达情况。体外培养扩增获得大量高纯度DETCs后,局部植入糖尿病创缘皮下,创面未愈合面积采用单因素方差分析,通过图像分析软件Image-pro plus分别统计每组5只糖尿病小鼠每天创面面积与红色标尺面积之比数据统计分析。结果对比正常小鼠,糖尿病表皮组织中DETCs比例和IGF-1/KGF-1表达均显著降低;体外培养能够获得大量高纯度DETCs(95﹪);创缘局部植入DETCs后能够显著增强糖尿病创缘皮肤表皮组织IGF-1/KGF-1的表达,并从第2天,对照组创面面积与红色标尺面积比为0.769±0.034,实验组创面面积与红色标尺面积比为0.692±0.038,到第7天对照组创面面积与红色标尺面积比为0.178±0.024,实验组创面面积与红色标尺面积比为0.011±0.003,实验组创面比对照组创面愈合面积显著加速。结论外源性给予DETCs能够显著改善糖尿病创面愈合,可能为临床糖尿病难愈创面治疗提供新的思路。     

自体富血小板凝胶联合冷沉淀制剂对糖尿病足溃疡患者创面愈合、血管生成因子及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨自体富血小板凝胶联合冷沉淀制剂对糖尿病足溃疡患者创面愈合、血管生成因子及生活质量的影响。方法:选取西宁市第一人民医院于2016年8月～2018年8月间收治的糖尿病足溃疡患者54例,依据数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=27)和观察组(n=27)。对照组采用常规基础治疗,观察组在对照组基础上序贯使用自体富血小板凝胶联合冷沉淀制剂治疗。比较两组疗效、溃疡愈合时间、住院时间,比较两组患者治疗前及治疗20d后的肉芽组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达水平以及糖尿病患者生存质量特异性量表评分。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组溃疡愈合时间和住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗20d后,两组患者肉芽组织bFGF、VEGF表达水平均明显升高(P0.05),且观察组肉芽组织bFGF、VEGF表达水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗20d后,两组患者生理功能、社会关系、心理或精神以及治疗影响四个维度评分均明显下降(P0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:自体富血小板凝胶联合冷沉淀制剂治疗糖尿病足溃疡疗效确切,可提高患者生活质量,可促进肉芽组织中血管生成和创面愈合。     

重组人表皮生长因子在面部瘢痕修复治疗中的应用

目的:分析重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)在面部瘢痕修复治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择2013年3月-2016年2月我院收治的80例面部瘢痕患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各40例,两组均应用二氧化碳点阵激光进行面部瘢痕修复治疗,观察组术后加用rh EGF敷于皮肤表面,对照组则采用等渗盐水敷于皮肤表面,比较两组治疗不同时间创面愈合率、创面愈合时间及换药时疼痛情况,测定创面愈合后患者瘢痕面积,并评定创面处理后不同时间患者肉芽组织成熟情况、创面愈合后瘢痕面积及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组术后7 d、术后14 d创面愈合率均显著高于术后3 d(P0.05),观察组术后不同时间创面愈合率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组创面愈合时间短于对照组,其创面愈合后瘢痕面积小于对照组(P0.05);观察组换药时疼痛程度低于对照组,其轻度疼痛所占比例高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后7 d、14 d肉芽组织成熟分级均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组均未见炎症全身不良反应。结论:re EGF可促进面部瘢痕患者创面修复,缩短创面愈合时间,缩小瘢痕面积,减轻患者换药疼痛程度,促进肉芽组织成熟,且安全性高。     

封闭负压引流对兔糖尿病溃疡创面组织愈合影响的观察

目的:探讨封闭负压引流(VAC)对兔糖尿病溃疡创面组织愈合的影响及其可能机制。方法:采用四氧嘧啶法建立兔糖尿病溃疡模型,设空白对照组和实验组(对照组创面采用常规包扎治疗处理,实验组创面则采用VAC处理),观察和比较两组动物的创面肉眼观、愈合时间,在致伤前、致伤后3 d、7 d、14 d取创面软组织,检测和比较两组动物的创面组织含水量、血流量以及血浆ET-1和NO含量。结果:与对照组比较,实验组动物的创面肿胀及分泌物得到明显控制,创面坏死组织的清除与肉芽组织的生长明显加快,平均愈合时间明显缩短(P0.05);致伤后3 d、7 d和14 d,创面组织含水量与血浆ET-1含量明显下降(P0.05),创面组织血流量与血浆NO含量明显增加(P0.05)。结论:VAC对兔糖尿病溃疡创面组织的愈合可起到积极的促进作用,这可能与其增加血浆NO含量及降低ET-1的含量有关,其具体机制尚有待于进一步的研究。     

阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板治疗对脑梗死患者疗效及对血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:观察阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板治疗对脑梗死患者脑血管事件复发率、神经功能缺损、血清炎性因子水平的影响,探讨其疗效和安全性。方法:选择2014年6月到2016年6月我院收治的脑梗死患者110例,按照随机数字表分为实验组和对照组,每组55例。两组患者均接受脑梗死常规治疗,对照组服用阿托伐他汀和阿司匹林,实验组服用阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林和氯毗格雷。在治疗前和治疗后2周、4周分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对患者神经功能缺损程度进行评分,检测血清炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,随访4周并统计脑血管事件复发率。结果:两组患者治疗2周、4周后NIHSS评分均低于治疗前(P0.05),且实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗2周、4周后血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α均低于治疗前(P0.05),治疗4周后,实验组血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组患者脑血管事件复发率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合双抗血小板疗法具备一定的抗炎作用,有助于脑梗死患者神经功能缺损恢复,且脑血管事件复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

超短波促进烧伤肉芽创面植皮片愈合的临床观察

目的:观察超短波对烧伤肉芽创面受皮区皮片成活的影响。方法:32例自身对照邮票皮移植及40例整张刃厚皮移植术后根据是否给予超短波治疗分别分为两组,治疗组术后接受无热量超短波治疗,对照组术后未接受超短波治疗,观察创面完全愈合时间和愈合创面水泡出现情况进行疗效判定。结果:根据两组患者创面愈合时间进行比较,治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.01);而在创面水泡出现程度比较中,实验组水泡发生率和严重程度均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:超短波治疗能明显促进烧伤肉芽创面植皮片的成活,加速烧伤创面的愈合。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.