术中皮质脑电图监测癫痫病灶切除13例分析

目的:探讨继发性癫痫术中运用皮质脑电图监测切除癫痫病灶的疗效。方法:对13例继发性癫痫患者术前经多次常规脑电图、24h动态脑电图检查定位并联合CT、MRI等检查结果,确定癫痫病灶的准确位置。在皮质脑电图精确定位监测下手术切除致痫灶。结果:13例癫痫患者均通过皮质脑电图监测,准确定位,切除致痫灶,切除病灶后的棘波、尖波,棘、尖慢复合波减少或完全消失。结论:利用皮质脑电图监测手术切除痫灶是治疗继发性癫痫最有效的方法之一。     

动态脑电图与常规脑电图应用于病毒性脑炎诊断的效果分析

目的:探讨动态脑电图与常规脑电图应用于病毒性脑炎的应用价值。方法:选取150例病毒性脑炎患者,随机分为两组,每组各75例,常规脑电图(REEG)组采用常规脑电图检查,动态脑电图(AEEG)组采用动态脑电图检查;观察并记录脑电图异常率,不同程度病情脑电图异常率的例数,评价动态脑电图与常规脑电图对病毒性脑炎的检测灵敏度和准确度。结果:AEEG组检出的脑电图异常率明显高于REEG组(P0.05)。不同程度病情脑电图检出的患者比例,两组相比,差异没有统计学意义(F=-0.085,P0.05)。REEG组中,轻度与中度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),中度与重度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于轻度(P0.05)。AEEG组中,轻度与中度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于中度和轻度(P0.05),AEEG组重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于REEG组(P0.05)。结论:动态脑电图作为一种无创性检查,对于病毒性脑炎具有极好的检出率,灵敏度高,适用于病毒性脑膜炎的早期辅助诊断。     

飞行活动脑电图的特点

脑电图作为观察人脑的功能状态,仍不失为一种无损伤、客观、连续的研究方法。研究记录飞行活动脑电图不同于在实验室内,常因人—机—环境、仪器、技术方法等因素影响,不易得到可供分析的脑电图材料。因此,目前国内外报道都不多。为了解飞行活动瞬时变化的脑功能,我们记录、分析了飞行活动的脑电图。     

模拟50米氮氧饱和潜水5昼夜过程中高、低二氧化碳对人体脑电图的影响

本文报道人体暴露于50米氮氧饱和条件下高、低 CO_2对脑电图的影响。1.在50米氮氧暴露时静息脑电图上的α波频率下降,振幅降低,指数减少,而慢波指数明显增多。有的受测者在暴露期,脑电图上可表现为以慢波占优势,主要为θ波,也有少量δ波,此时给予光刺激可使慢波暂时消失,α波暂时恢复。高压下在脑电图发生明显变化时,某些受测者可出现一些神经症状,如头痛、头昏、噁心、呕吐等。随着在高压下暴露时间的延长,症状消失。减至常压后脑电图能很快恢复到加压前的水平。2.在常压下过度通气造成体内低二氧化碳,可引起脑电图上慢波的增加;而在高压下,当静息脑电图以慢波占优势时,过度通气所致的低二氧化碳可引起慢波成分的减少。在常压下重复呼吸造成体内高二氧化碳时,脑电图出现变化;而在高压下高二氧化碳可以引起脑电图更为明显变化。     

125例抽动障碍患儿动态脑电图及头颅核磁分析

目的:探讨抽动障碍患儿病情严重程度与其动态脑电图及头颅核磁改变的相关性。方法:对125例抽动障碍患儿进行耶鲁评分、动态脑电图以及头颅核磁检查。按抽动障碍患儿动态脑电图、头颅核磁检查结果将其分为正常组及异常组,比较不同组患儿的耶鲁评分;按抽动患儿耶鲁评分,将其分为轻、中、重症三组,比较不同组患儿的动态脑电及头颅核磁异常率,以探讨动障碍患儿病情严重程度与其动态脑电图及头颅核磁改变的相关性;对动态脑电图及头颅核磁检查均异常的抽动障碍患儿具体分析其临床特点。结果:1)动态脑电图异常组抽动障碍患儿之耶鲁评分高于正常组(P0.05),病情越重(耶鲁评分越高),动态脑电图异常率越高;2)头颅核磁异常组抽动患儿耶鲁评分亦高于正常组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P=0.077);3)动态脑电图及头颅核磁均异常患儿中,脑电异常以慢波为主,头颅核磁异常以脑室增宽或不对称及异常信号灶为主。结论:动态脑电图与抽动障碍患儿病情严重程度相关,可作为病情评估的客观标准之一;头颅核磁检查情况与抽动障碍严重程度相关性有待进一步研究证实。     

轻度头部外伤89例病员的脑电图分析

自从脑电图应用于临床以来,轻度头部外伤对脑功能有无影响,至今少见有系统的、完整的脑电图资料。本任务中涉及到客观评价外力对人脑功能的影响问题,为此,我们结合临床对轻度头部外伤病人的脑电图进行了研究。     

多发性抽动症的脑电图观察

目的:进一步探究脑电图对多发性抽动症患儿的辅助诊断价值。方法:本文对45例多发性抽动症患儿进行脑电图描记录,选择理想信号段进行分析。结果发现24例异常,异常率为53.3%。其中中度异常6例,占25%,脑波表现为在高幅δ、θ波长程阵发的背景上偶发尖波;轻度异常18例,占75%,表现背景脑波频率变慢,出现高幅δ、θ波及活动,伴短程出现;正常21例,较同年龄组的脑电图调节差,波形杂乱。结论:脑电图反映脑功能活动,通过计算机分析方法可提供更多信息,并且脑电图操作方便,无痛无创,易于被儿童接受,在多发性抽动症早期临床诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

复杂性热性惊厥脑电图特征与癫痫发生的相关性

目的：探讨复杂性热性惊厥脑电图特征与癫痫发生的相关性。方法：2012年3 月到2014 年5 月选择在我院诊治为复杂性热 性惊厥的呼吸道感染患儿86 例作为观察组,同期选择在我院诊治的非热性惊厥的呼吸道感染患儿86 例作为对照组,两组都进 行脑电图监测与认知功能判定,对癫痫发生情况进行判定与分析。结果：观察组的言语智商、行为智商与总智商评分都明显低于 对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的癫痫发生率为9.3 %,脑电图异常率为8.1 %;而对照组的癫痫发生率为1.2 %,脑电图异常率为2.3 %, 对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在观察组患儿中,Spearman 相关性分析显示脑电图异常与癫痫发生存在明显正向相关性(r=0. 349,P<0.05)。结论：复杂性热性惊厥伴随有脑电图异常,与癫痫发生存在明显正向相关性,损害患儿的认知功能。     

血浆内皮素配合描记动态脑电图在儿童晕厥诊断中应用的临床意义

摘要 目的：探究血浆内皮素配合描记动态脑电图在儿童晕厥诊断中的应用意义。方法：选择2017年1月至2020年1月于我院接受治疗的83例存在晕厥风险儿童,采集其静脉血样进行血浆内皮素水平测定,并实施动态脑电图检测,而后以倾斜试验结果为金标准,分别分析单纯血浆内皮素、单纯动态脑电图以及血浆内皮素+动态脑电图对晕厥的诊断应用意义。结果：（1）83例入组儿童中阳性为68例,阴性为15例,血浆内皮素检测阳性51例,阴性32例,一致性为77.11 %,灵敏度为73.53 %,特异度为93.33 %,阳性预测值为98.04 %, 阴性预测值为43.75 %;（2）动态脑电图诊断一致性为78.31 %,灵敏度为80.88 %,特异度为66.67 %,阳性预测值为91.67 %,阴性预测值为43.48 %;（3）联合检测诊断一致性为93.98 %,灵敏度为94.12 %,特异度为93.33 %,阳性预测值为98.46 %,阴性预测值为77.78 %;（4）检测方式差异性比较发现,联合检测在一致性、灵敏度、阴性预测值方面明显优于血浆内皮素和动态脑电图检测,在特异度方面优于动态脑电图检测（P<0.05）。结论：血浆内皮素联合描记动态脑电图对儿童晕厥具有较好的诊断辅助价值,能够显著提高诊断的一致性、灵敏度和特异度。     

高氧液治疗急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病的临床疗效观察

目的：观察高氧液治疗急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病的临床效果。方法：对68例急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病患者进行高氧液治疗,分析治疗前、后脑电图变化及临床疗效。结果：高氧液治疗组同治疗前及对照组相比,急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病患者脑电图明显好转,临床总有效率显著提高。结论：高氧液对急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病患者有显著治疗效果,脑电图可作为诊断病情及观察临床疗效的一个重要的客观指标。     

Feature extraction and recognition of epileptiform activity in EEG by combining PCA with ApEn

This paper proposes a new method for feature extraction and recognition of epileptiform activity in EEG signals. The method improves feature extraction speed of epileptiform activity without reducing recognition rate. Firstly, Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the original EEG for dimension reduction and to the decorrelation of epileptic EEG and normal EEG. Then discrete wavelet transform (DWT) combined with approximate entropy (ApEn) is performed on epileptic EEG and normal EEG, respectively. At last, Neyman–Pearson criteria are applied to classify epileptic EEG and normal ones. The main procedure is that the principle component of EEG after PCA is decomposed into several sub-band signals using DWT, and ApEn algorithm is applied to the sub-band signals at different wavelet scales. Distinct difference is found between the ApEn values of epileptic and normal EEG. The method allows recognition of epileptiform activities and discriminates them from the normal EEG. The algorithm performs well at epileptiform activity recognition in the clinic EEG data and offers a flexible tool that is intended to be generalized to the simultaneous recognition of many waveforms in EEG.     

Classification of the adolescent EEG by the spectral and segmental characteristics for normals

The 16-channel EEG records of 45 adolescents with schizophrenia and 39 healthy adolescents were subjected to statistical combinatorial analysis of 160 elementary EEG characteristics (6 spectral and 4 segmental EEG characteristics for a channel). Employing pattern recognition algorithm "Kora-n", a list of 37 combined EEG patterns was compiled. This list characterized with a minimal error the EEG of healthy adolescents in such a way that none of these characters featured the EEG of adolescents with schizophrenia. Analysis of this list of EEG characteristics suggests that the contrast between EEG of healthy and ill adolescents is the sharpest in the F4, Cz, T3 and O1 derivations. Compared to EEG samples of schizophrenic subjects, EEGs of healthy subjects exhibit lower levels of delta and theta activity mainly in the frontal and temporal regions of the cortex and higher level of alpha activity predominantly in the occipital region. Applicability of the list of EEG patterns for diagnostics of schizophrenia-type disorders of adolescents is discussed.     

基于平稳小波变换的EEG视觉的信号修正

眼球运动和眨眼会在眼球周围产生电信号,这种电信号的存在直接影响到对EEG信号的分析特征提取及EEG模式的分类等研究。本文提出了一种基于小波阈值滤噪方法来修正EEG信号中出现的视觉伪信号(OA)。这种用于EEG视觉伪信号处理的小波方法的实现过程如下：1)用平稳小波变换(SWT)对原始EEG信号进行处理;2)设置低频带信号的系数阈值;3)对滤噪后的信号进行重构。实验结果表明这种方法同时适用于眨眼和眼球运动产生的伪信号。最后,通过对采集的信号处理前后做了对比,说明其有效性。     

Comparative efficiencies of different methods for removing blink artifacts in analyzing quantitative electroencephalogram and event-related potentials

Different methods for blink artifact correction in multichannel electoencephalogram (EEG) have been compared with respect to their efficiency and the relative systemic error of the estimation of the parameters of EEG spectra and event-related potentials (ERPs). Three methods of blink artifact correction have been used: distraction of the electrooculogram (EOG) signals from EEG signals, zeroing independent EEG components associated with vertical eye movement, and zeroing the principal EEG components related to blinking. The results have shown that these correction methods can substantially improve the accuracy of the estimation of quantitative EEG parameters while only slightly distorting signals from most EEG sites. It is concluded that wide use of these methods for EEG processing in fundamental and applied studies would be advisable.     

睡眠纺锤波在植物状态病人预后判别中的价值研究

目的:探讨脑电图睡眠纺锤波在植物状态病人预后判别中的价值。方法:在长程脑电监测下观察植物状态病人的睡眠纺锤波,与其意识恢复进行相关性分析,并预测患者意识恢复的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果:28例患者中,12例有纺锤波,其中9例意识恢复;16例无纺锤波患者中,14例未恢复意识。纺锤波的有无与患者意识恢复有相关性,P值<0.01。脑电图睡眠纺锤波对植物状态患者意识恢复判断的敏感性(83.25%)、特异性(81.82%)、准确性(82.14%)。结论:脑电图睡眠纺锤波可较准确预测植物状态患者的意识恢复能力,可作为临床评估植物状态患者意识恢复能力的辅助方法。     

The effects of centrally acting drugs on the EEG correlates of meditation.

The present study investigated the effects of three centrally acting drugs on the significant increase in the intermediate alpha frequency of the electroencephalogram (EEG) that accompanied meditation in a male volunteer. When compared to the EEG recorded before each of the three drugs was administered, naloxone tended to enhance the increase in the power of the intermediate alpha EEG (9.4-10.4 Hz), while diazepam tended to spread the increase to the slow (7.4-9.4 Hz) alpha EEG, and flumazenil was without much effect on the overall EEG pattern. However, these EEG changes when compared to similar changes obtained with saline administration were not significantly different from the latter. Thus, it is unlikely that the EEG correlates of meditation are causally related to the rise or fall of endogenous opioid peptides or benzodiazepinelike substances in the brain.     

脑电图与早产儿脑损害的相关性研究

脑电图（Electroencephalography EEG）是观察早产儿（premature infants）脑损害的敏感方法。急性和慢性EEG的改变与早产儿以后的神经和认知功能异常有相关性,应用神经生理学的方法诊断早产儿脑损害,早期持续在ICU病房的EEG监测和在以后阶段的EEG检查相结合是比较理想的手段。     

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)

Oscillatory brain activities are considered to reflect the basis of rhythmic changes in transmission efficacy across brain networks and are assumed to integrate cognitive neural processes. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) holds the promise to elucidate the causal link between specific frequencies of oscillatory brain activity and cognitive processes. Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recording during tACS would offer an opportunity to directly explore immediate neurophysiological effects of tACS. However, it is not trivial to measure EEG signals during tACS, as tACS creates a huge artifact in EEG data. Here we explain how to set up concurrent tACS-EEG experiments. Two necessary considerations for successful EEG recording while applying tACS are highlighted. First, bridging of the tACS and EEG electrodes via leaking EEG gel immediately saturates the EEG amplifier. To avoid bridging via gel, the viscosity of the EEG gel is the most important parameter. The EEG gel must be viscous to avoid bridging, but at the same time sufficiently fluid to create contact between the tACS electrode and the scalp. Second, due to the large amplitude of the tACS artifact, it is important to consider using an EEG system with a high resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. In particular, the magnitude of the tACS artifact can exceed 100 mV at the vicinity of a stimulation electrode when 1 mA tACS is applied. The resolution of the A/D converter is of importance to measure good quality EEG data from the vicinity of the stimulation site. By following these guidelines for the procedures and technical considerations, successful concurrent EEG recording during tACS will be realized.     

Analysis of EEG signals during epileptic and alcoholic states using AR modeling techniques

Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis remains problematic due to limited understanding of the signal origin, which leads to the difficulty of designing evaluation methods. In spite of these shortcomings, the EEG is a valuable tool in the evaluation of some neurological disorders as well as in the evaluation of overall cerebral activity. In most studies, which use quantitative EEG analysis, the properties of measured EEG are computed by applying power spectral density (PSD) estimation for selected representative EEG samples. The sample for which the PSD is calculated is assumed to be stationary. This work deals with a comparative study of the PSD obtained from normal, epileptic and alcoholic EEG signals. The power density spectra were calculated using fast Fourier transform (FFT) by Welch's method, auto regressive (AR) method by Yule–Walker and Burg's method. The results are tabulated for these different classes of EEG signals.