Chemical constituents from Orobanche cernua Loefling

Phytochemical study of Orobanche cernua Loefling afforded 17 compounds, including eleven phenylpropanoid glycosides (1–11), two flavonoids (12, 13), one lignan (14), and three phenolic acids (15–17) were isolated from the fresh whole plant of O. cernua. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of isolation of compounds (6, 8, 9, 11, 14–16) from O. cernua and compounds (14, 15) from the family Orobanchaceae, respectively. Compound 14 was obtained from natural source for the first time, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Chemical constituents from Phlomis bovei Noë and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves and roots of Phlomis bovei Noë (Lamiaceae) led to the isolation of sixteen compounds, including iridoids (1, 2, 3), megastigmanes (4, 5), phenylpropanoids (6, 7, 8, 9, 10), lignans (11, 12, 13, 14), a nortriterpene (15), and a phenyl glucoside (16). Compounds (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10) were obtained from the leaves and compounds (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) were isolated from the roots. Compounds 1 and 2 were found both in the leaves and in roots.The compounds were identified by analysis of 1D- (¹H, ¹³C), 2D-NMR (¹H–¹H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry (ESI- and HR-ESI-MS), and by comparison with previously reported spectral data.Compounds 5, 9, 10, 13 and 14 were isolated from the genus Phlomis for the first time. All these specialized metabolites were described here for the first time in the Algerian Phlomis bovei Noë species. To the best of our knowledge, no reports have appeared on the constituents of the roots of P.bovei Noë. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Flavonoids and other phenolics of Cichorium and related members of the Lactuceae (Compositae)

Extraction of the leaves of chicory, Cichoriumintybus , revealed the presence for the first time of the 3-glucuronides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, the 3-glucoside of kaempferol and the 7-glucuronide of luteolin. The same compounds appear to occur throughout the genus. An aglycone survey of the leaves of 240 other members of the Lactuceae failed to reveal any other source of isorhamnetin, although quercetin and kaempferol were found as occasional constituents in 12 other genera. In Lactuca , a survey of 12 species showed eight with quercetin present. In general, though, flavonols are more uncommon than flavones and thus have more potential as taxonomic markers within the tribe. The coumarins cichoriin and aesculin and the caffeoyl-tartaric acid ester, chicoric acid, were also found to be present widely in the tribe.     

Antioxidant activity of phenylethanoid glycosides on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity

ABSTRACT

Exposure of PC12 cells to 10 mM glutamate caused significant viability loss, cell apoptosis, decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In parallel, glutamate significantly increased the intracellular levels of ROS and intracellular calcium. However, pretreatment of the cells with acteoside and isoacteoside significantly suppressed glutamate-induced cellular events. Moreover, acteoside and isoacteoside reduced the glutamate-induced increase of caspase-3 activity and also ameliorated the glutamate-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction in PC12 cells. Furthermore, acteoside and isoacteoside significantly inhibited glutamate-induced DNA damage. In the mouse model, acteoside significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in the Y maze test and attenuated neuronal damage of the hippocampal CA1 regions induced by glutamate. These data indicated that acteoside and isoacteoside play neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and maintenance of steady intracellular calcium.     

肉苁蓉有效成分提取集成方法的研究

研究了肉苁蓉(CistanchedeserticolaY.C.Ma)中有效成分苯乙醇糖甙类化合物、甜菜碱和肉苁蓉多糖提取的集成方法。肉苁蓉先后用甲醇和水超声破碎提取,然后经大孔吸附树脂AB-8柱和强酸型阳离子交换树脂001×7柱洗脱以及SephadexG-75凝胶柱层析,可以分别得到苯乙醇糖甙类化合物52.3mg、甜菜碱125.6mg和肉苁蓉多糖24.5mg,其回收率分别为64.4%、92.9%和53.5%。该法的优点是将肉苁蓉中3种有效成分的提取方法集成起来,具有经济、高效的特点。     

Iridoid glycosides from the stems of Pithecoctenium crucigerum (Bignoniaceae)

Sixteen crude extracts from six Panamanian plants of the family Bignoniaceae were submitted to rapid TLC tests against DPPH and acetylcholinesterase. Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A.H. Gentry, which showed interesting activity against DPPH, has been studied. The chemical investigation of the methanol extract from the stems afforded the iridoid glycoside theviridoside and three derivatives (6'-O-cyclopropanoyltheviridoside, 10-O-hydroxybenzoyltheviridoside and 10-O-vanilloyltheviridoside), along with five known phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, isoverbascoside, forsythoside B, jionoside D and leucosceptoside B). These last compounds were all active against DPPH. The structures were determined by means of spectrometric and chemical methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS analysis.     

Improved production of phenylethanoid glycosides by Cistanche deserticola cells cultured in an internal loop airlift bioreactor with sifter riser

An internal loop airlift bioreactor with sifter riser (ILABSR) was composed of a bubble column and a draught-tube rolled with 40-mesh sifter that placed 5 cm above the bottom at the center of the column. A 2 L ILABSR was used for the suspension cultivation of Cistanche deserticola cells and its performance was compared with shake flask culture and a bubble column. Under the optimum culture conditions with the air flowrate of 0.075 m³/h and the inoculation size of 4.7%, about one-fifth cells were attached to the sifter draught-tube. PeG content in these cells was 16.3%, which was 104% higher than that of suspension cells. The production of phenylethanoid glycosides reached 0.85 g/L, which was 102 and 4% higher than those cultured in a 2 L bubble column and shake flasks respectively under their optimal culture conditions.