共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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端粒酶是干扰素抗肿瘤的新靶点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
端粒酶(telomerase)是一种具有逆转录活性的核糖核蛋白酶.端粒酶的异常活化是细胞永生化和肿瘤形成的关键步骤. 端粒酶活性与细胞周期及细胞凋亡调控密切相关;端粒酶由端粒酶逆转录酶、端粒酶RNA、端粒酶相关蛋白质组成,端粒酶逆转录酶是端粒酶活性的决定性组分.干扰素(interferon)是一种具有抗病毒、抗增殖、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等功能的细胞因子;近年研究表明,干扰素通过相关信号转导途径而调节端粒酶活性,诱导细胞凋亡,为肿瘤的生物治疗提供了新思路;但干扰素与端粒酶活性相关的抗肿瘤机制研究尚不充分. 本文综述干扰素通过调节端粒酶逆转录酶转录因子的表达和相互作用而抑制端粒酶活性、调节细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡等抗肿瘤作用机制. 相似文献
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人端粒酶催化亚基基因启动子调控的肿瘤细胞特异表达载体 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为获得端粒酶阳性肿瘤细胞特异表达载体用于癌症的基因治疗 ,克隆并构建了人端粒酶催化亚基 (hTERT)基因启动子调控的萤光素酶报告载体 .用脂质体转染法将其分别转染肿瘤细胞和正常细胞 ,检测其在肿瘤细胞和正常细胞中的转录活性 .hTERT启动子在所检测的 4种端粒酶阳性的肿瘤细胞中具有明显的转录活性 ,平均为阳性对照的 4 4 3% ;而在端粒酶阴性的正常人胚肺成纤维细胞中则无明显的转录活性 .提示hTRET启动子的转录活性在端粒酶阳性的肿瘤细胞中明显上调 ,由hTERT启动子构建的载体可能是一种新颖和有前景的肿瘤细胞特异性表达的基因治疗载体 相似文献
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端粒和端粒酶在植物生长发育中的调控作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
端粒对染色体、整个生物基因组,甚至对细胞的稳定都具有重要意义,它的作用的发挥离不开端粒酶的作用.目前端粒研究的核心主要是在动物细胞方面.就植物端粒、端粒酶以及其在植物生长发育中的调节作一概述. 相似文献
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端粒对维持染色体的稳定和延长细胞寿命至关重要,其长度的维持有赖于端粒酶的存在.布莱克本和绍斯塔克发现端粒中的一种独特DNA序列能保护染色体免于退化,格雷德和布莱克本发现了端粒酶及其作用.这些发现揭示了端粒形成和端粒酶保护染色体的机理,3位美国科学家因此荣获2009年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖. 相似文献
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端粒酶和端粒酶抑制剂研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
端粒酶是一种将端粒区的重复序列加到染色体末端的逆转录酶。端粒酶核蛋白复合物包含了两个基本组分:一个催化蛋白亚单位(hTERT)和一个模板RNA(hTR)。早期的研究讨论了端粒酶及其抑制剂与癌症的关系,由于绝大多数癌症多发于老年期,通常伴随着衰老,预计受癌症困扰的人数会在未来不断增加,而端粒酶激活在细胞的永生化及癌变过程中发挥重要作用,有可能成为癌症治疗的新靶点。端粒酶在绝大多数肿瘤细胞中都有表达,而大部分正常的体细胞中无端粒酶的活性。 相似文献
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An introduction to telomeres and telomerase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bibby MC 《Molecular biotechnology》2003,24(3):295-301
It is now more than a dozen years since the enzyme telomerase was discovered, and since that time, key studies have characterized the structural components of the enzyme and the associated telomeric proteins. Since the original discovery of telomerase, a clear association with cancer has been demonstrated. In normal somatic cells the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes shorten with every cell division, whereas in cancer cells telomere length is often maintained by reactivation of the enzyme telomerase. These discoveries have led to the proposal that telomerase expression can be used as a helpful marker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in humans. Another area of research that has developed as a result of improving knowledge and understanding of the role of telomerase in malignancy is that of cancer therapeutics. This article is an introduction to the field of telomere and telomerase research, with an introduction to recent attempts to develop novel cancer treatments based on telomerase structure and function. 相似文献
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Telomerase regulation: not just flipping the switch. 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Dara L Aisner Woodring E Wright Jerry W Shay 《Current opinion in genetics & development》2002,12(1):80-85
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Yuanlong Ge Shu Wu Yong Xue Jun Tao Feng Li Yanlian Chen Haiying Liu Wenbin Ma Junjiu Huang Yong Zhao 《Nucleic acids research》2016,44(17):8086-8096
The majority of tumor cells overcome proliferative limit by expressing telomerase. Whether or not telomerase preferentially extends the shortest telomeres is still under debate. When human cancer cells are cultured at neutral pH, telomerase extends telomeres in telomere length-independent manner. However, the microenvironment of tumor is slightly acidic, and it is not yet known how this influences telomerase action. Here, we examine telomere length homeostasis in tumor cells cultured at pHe 6.8. The results indicate that telomerase preferentially extends short telomeres, such that telomere length distribution narrows and telomeres become nearly uniform in size. After growth at pHe 6.8, the expression of telomerase, TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 decreases, and the abundance of Cajal bodies decreases. Therefore, telomerase are insufficient for extending every telomere and shorter telomeres bearing less shelterin proteins are more accessible for telomerase recruitment. The findings support the ‘protein-counting mechanism’ in which extended and unextended state of telomere is determined by the number of associated shelterin proteins and the abundance of telomerase. Decreased expression of telomerase and preferential extension of short telomeres have important implications for tumor cell viability, and generate a strong rationale for research on telomerase-targeted anti-cancer therapeutics. 相似文献
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Telomerase redefined: integrated regulation of hTR and hTERT for telomere maintenance and telomerase activity 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Telomerase activity is dependent on the expression of 2 main core component genes, hTERT, which encodes the catalytic component and hTR (also called TERC), which encodes the RNA component. The correlation between telomerase activity and carcinogenesis has made this molecule of great interest in cancer research, however in order to fully understand the regulation of telomerase the mechanisms controlling both telomerase genes need to be studied. Some of these mechanisms of regulation have begun to emerge, however many more remain to be deciphered. For many years hTERT has been regarded as the limiting component of telomerase and much of the research in this field has focussed on its regulation, however it was clear from an early stage that hTR expression was also tightly regulated in normal cells and disease. More recently evidence from biochemistry, promoter studies and mouse models has been steadily increasing for a role for hTR as a limiting and essential component for telomerase activity and telomere maintenance. Perhaps the time has come to redefine our view of telomerase regulation. Knowledge of the mechanisms controlling both telomerase genes in normal systems and cancer may aid our understanding of the role of telomerase in carcinogenesis or highlight potential areas for therapeutic intervention. Here we review the essential requirement of hTR for telomere maintenance and telomerase activity in normal tissues and disease and focus on recent advances in our understanding of hTR regulation in relation to hTERT. 相似文献
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端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的DNA序列,在维持染色体的稳定中起着重要的作用。快速生长的细胞通过端粒酶来合成端
粒重复序列以弥补其损耗。在人类恶性肿瘤细胞中,85%以上能检测到端粒酶的活性,使其成为一个几乎普遍的癌标志物,而在大
多数正常体细胞中,端粒酶是阴性的。端粒酶与肿瘤之间的最新研究已经在肿瘤生物学领域开辟了新的途径,可能会彻底改变抗
癌疗法。在这篇文章中,我们将会总结端粒和端粒酶在癌细胞中的作用。随着科技的发展,端粒和端粒酶拥有巨大的潜力,必将能
够为肿瘤的治疗带来更多的方法。 相似文献
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Pharmacological intervention strategies for affecting telomerase activity: future prospects to treat cancer and degenerative disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Telomerase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein maintaining the length of the telomeres by adding G-rich repeats to the end of the eukaryotic chromosomes. Normal human somatic cells, cultured in vitro, have a strictly limited proliferative potential undergoing senescence after about 50-70 population doublings. In contrast, most of the tumor cells have unlimited replicative potential. Although the mechanisms of immortalization are not understood completely at a genetic level, the key role of the telomere/telomerase system in the process is clear. The DNA replication machinery is not able to replicate fully the DNA at the very end of the chromosomes; therefore, about 50-200 nucleotides are lost during each of the replication cycles resulting in a gradual decrease of telomere length. Critically short telomere induces senescence, subsequent crisis and cell death. In tumor cells, however, the telomerase enzyme prevents the formation of critically short telomeres, adding GGTTAG repeats to the 3' end of the chromosomes immortalizing the cells. Immortality is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Besides the catalytic activity dependent telomere maintenance, catalytic activity-independent effects of telomerase may also be involved in the regulation of cell cycle. The telomere/telomerase system offers two possibilities to intervene the proliferative activity of the cell: (1) inhibition the telomere maintenance by inhibiting the telomerase activity; (2) activating the residual telomerase enzyme or inducing telomerase expression. Whilst the former approach could abolish the limitless replicative potential of malignant cells, the activation of telomerase might be utilized for treating degenerative diseases. Here, we review the current status of telomerase therapeutics, summarizing the activities of those pharmacological agents which either inhibit or activate the enzyme. We also discuss the future opportunities and challenges of research on pharmacological intervention of telomerase activity. 相似文献