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抗除草剂转基因植物的研究现状 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
主要对目前在农业上广泛采用的除草剂以及抗除草剂转基因植物的研究现状进行了阐述.介绍了非选择性除草剂和选择性除草剂的分类及其作用机理。并对杂草产生除草剂抗药性的机理进行了分析,此外还介绍了抗除草剂基因的作用机理和对转基因植物所产生的生理作用,另外对抗除草剂转基因植物的生物安全性问题,如对基因飘移和生物多样性的影响进行了讨论,并对新型除草剂的发展方向提出思考。 相似文献
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近10年来,我国对除草剂的研究、引进、生产和应用发展迅速,品种结构发生了很大变化。但其室内生物检测的手段却很落后,仍采用大田施药试验为主要方法。这种方法周期长、耗资大、难于适应对除草剂的研究、生产和应用的需要。在国外,早在60年代已发展了对除草剂的快速生测技术。Gooden(1961)用离体叶绿体研究了除草剂的结构与 相似文献
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化学除草剂对农田生态系统野生植物多样性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
农田生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分, 除草剂的大量施用对其产生了严重影响。本文综述了化学除草剂对农田生态系统中野生植物多样性的影响, 并分析归纳了其影响机制。除草剂的施用会使敏感植物减少, 抗药性植物增多, 从而改变农田生态系统中的野生植物物种组成, 并使其趋同化, 降低遗传多样性和物种多样性, 以致植物功能群单一化, 群落稳定性下降。除草剂的主要影响机制是杀死植物或改变其生长代谢、抗性、繁殖等, 改变生境, 并与人为因素、环境因素等产生协同影响。不同种类的除草剂影响程度不同, 且不同物种间、不同群落间的响应也存在差异。我国化学除草剂使用量持续增长, 应加强除草剂对野生植物多样性的影响及其机制研究, 重视除草剂使用历史记录和野生植物的长期监测, 以及除草剂使用规范和相关政策法律研究, 更好地保护我国农田生态系统中的生物多样性。 相似文献
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《植物遗传资源学报》2020,(4)
咪唑啉酮类除草剂是一类广谱高效除草剂,其作用靶标是乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS,acetolactate synthase)。培育抗咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻品种是防治直播稻田杂草危害的有效途径之一。本研究通过喷施咪唑啉酮类除草剂,从30570份水稻种质资源中,获得1份抗咪唑啉酮类除草剂的水稻新种质,该材料抗性性状稳定、抗性效应明显,序列分析表明其ALS基因编码区第1880位的G/A突变导致第627位氨基酸由丝氨酸改变为天冬酰胺,从而产生抗性。本研究发现的抗除草剂新材料,为选育抗除草剂水稻新品种奠定了种质基础。 相似文献
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通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一. 相似文献
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The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth. 相似文献
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Ying Tsun-Shen 《植物分类学报:英文版》1989,27(1):27-38
Nine of 10 genera and 119 of approximately 240 species of the Pinaceae occur
in China, including 67 endemic species and two endemic genera.
In this paper, the distributional maps of all the genera of the Pinaceae are presented (fig.
1-8). The horizontal and vertical distributions of species in each genus are discussed.
The analysis of the distribution patterns of the genera indicates that some genera, such as
Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are restricted to the area south of the
Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, and the others, i. e. Picea, Abies, Larix and Pinus,
extend northward to northeastern China. However, all of the genera except Keteleeria and Pinus
are not found in very dry areas and tropical mountainous regions of China.
The monotypic genera, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are distributed in eastern and central
China. The genus Keteleeria consists of 10 species, 7 of which are concentrated in southern
Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southwestern Hunan and easternmost Yunnan. The distribution of
the remaining 6 genera shows the maximum concentration in western Sichuan and northwestern
Yunnan. (Figs. 2-8). Furthermore, more than third of species of the Pinaceae (37.8%) are
also concentrated in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. where a great variety of habitats and different topographic features occur. It is apparent that to conduct our systematic and
evolutionary studies on this family in these region is especially needed.
The relations between the areal size and the tolerance of species are discussed. The distributions of macrofossils and microfossils of the genera of the Pinaceae ia China are given, and
it has been proved that areas of most genera of the family were considerably larger in the past.
than at present. 相似文献
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目的:分析激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法:将120例处于增殖期血管瘤患儿分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗,对照组采用激光治疗,比较两组患者的治疗疗效。结果:观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.7%和66.7%,两组比较具有显著差异,P〈0.05;对于表浅病灶,观察组治疗的有效率为96.8%,对照组为84.8%,两组之间无差异,P〉0.05;对于深部病灶,观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.6%和44.4%,具有显著差异(P〈0.05)。结论:激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤具有较好的疗效,尤其对深部增殖期的血管瘤具有较好的效果,适合在临床推广应用。 相似文献
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Shinjiro Ogita Hamako Sasamoto Edward C. Yeung Trevor A. Thorpe 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):268-273
Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l−1 glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic
and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic
aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation
of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing
(2400 mg l−1) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic
aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level
of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell
masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues. 相似文献
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龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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Analysis of evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The availability of multiple, complete eukaryotic genome sequences allows one to address many fundamental evolutionary questions on genome scale. One such important, long-standing problem is evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists. The data on shared and lineage-specific intron positions were used as the starting point for evolutionary reconstruction with parsimony and maximum-likelihood approaches. Parsimony methods produce reconstructions with intron-rich ancestors but also infer lineage-specific, in many cases, high levels of intron loss and gain. Different probabilistic models gave opposite results, apparently depending on model parameters and assumptions, from domination of intron loss, with extremely intron-rich ancestors, to dramatic excess of gains, to the point of denying any true conservation of intron positions among deep eukaryotic lineages. Development of models with adequate, realistic parameters and assumptions seems to be crucial for obtaining more definitive estimates of intron gain and loss in different eukaryotic lineages. Many shared intron positions were detected in ancestral eukaryotic paralogues which evolved by duplication prior to the divergence of extant eukaryotic lineages. These findings indicate that numerous introns were present in eukaryotic genes already at the earliest stages of evolution of eukaryotes and are compatible with the hypothesis that the original, catastrophic intron invasion accompanied the emergence of the eukaryotic cells. Comparison of various features of old and younger introns starts shedding light on probable mechanisms of intron insertion, indicating that propagation of old introns is unlikely to be a major mechanism for origin of new ones. The existence and structure of ancestral protosplice sites were addressed by examining the context of introns inserted within codons that encode amino acids conserved in all eukaryotes and, accordingly, are not subject to selection for splicing efficiency. It was shown that introns indeed predominantly insert into or are fixed in specific protosplice sites which have the consensus sequence (A/C)AG|Gt. 相似文献