成人先天性髋关节发育不良的围手术期护理

成人先天性髋关节发育不良是一种髋臼先天性发育缺陷的疾病,长期发展会形成髋关节半脱位、脱位,最终甚至可能出现股骨头坏死等严重合并症。对于早期患者目前主要采用髋臼旋转截骨手术治疗,而晚期出现股骨头脱位及坏死则只能通过全髋关节置换进行治疗。不论哪种手术方式,围手术期的护理对于患者的健康恢复都有着非常重要的意义。     

股骨头缺血坏死相关影像学误诊分析

目的:分析与股骨头缺血坏死相关临床与影像资料,以期提高影像科医生对该病的认识水平,提高股骨头缺血坏死的诊断正确率,防止与其相关的髋关节疾病的误诊。方法:回顾性分析26例误诊为股骨头缺血坏死的髋关节疾患,归纳分类疾病的种类,找出原因。结果:类风湿性髋关节炎、强直性脊柱炎髋关节炎和痛风性髋关节炎、先天性髋臼发育不良、股骨颈干角发育异常、髋关节骨关节病等疾病易与股骨头缺血坏死相混淆,引起误诊。结论:病史采集不详细、思路狭窄,对类风湿、强直性脊柱炎及痛风性关节炎所致髋关节病变认识不足或不了解、股骨头缺血坏死病理过程不清楚、临床误导等因素与股骨头缺血坏死的误诊有关。     

全髋置换术在治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死中的应用

探讨全髋置换术(THA)在治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死中的临床应用。26例(29髋)施行全髋置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死,女性18例,男性8例,平均年龄55岁(39~62)。根据Crowe分类,Ⅰ型15例15髋,Ⅱ型7例8髋,Ⅲ型2例3髋,Ⅳ型2例3髋。髋臼缺损重建采用标准全髋置换术,自体骨植骨造盖和重建髋臼等方法。术前Harris髋关节功能评分平均49.1,下肢缩短2~4 cm,平均2.5 cm。随访26例(29髋),平均随访时间为3.5年(1.1~4.6)。随访期内未发现手术感染或神经、血管损伤、下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)等并发症。术后X线检查显示假体形态良好并且位置稳定,植骨块融合尚可。术后Harris评分平均86分。下肢短缩0~2.7 cm,平均1.0 cm。所有患者均疼痛明显缓解,步态显著改善,2例双下肢不等长仍超过2 cm,轻微跛行。全髋关节置换术是治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死的一种理想的方法,能有效重建患者髋臼功能。     

老年髋关节置换术后早期脱位的相关因素研究

目的:探讨老年髋关节置换术后发生早期脱位的相关因素。方法:选取在我院行髋关节置换术治疗的老年患者110例,随访3个月,并对置换术后可能导致早期脱位的7个因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析发现,性别、年龄、手术方式、人工股骨头直径大小这4个因素在有脱位组和无脱位组间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,导致早期脱位的3个危险因素分别是年龄(X2=16.572,P=0.000)、手术方式(X2=5.283,P=0.021)、人工股骨头直径大小(X2=5.498,P=0.019)。结论:老年髋关节置换术后早期脱位的发生可能受多个因素的影响,术前及术中应充分考虑各危险因素,从而选择最佳治疗方案。     

小腿延长术治疗青少年单侧先天性髋关节脱位后短肢畸形

目的：评价小腿延长术治疗青少年单侧先天性髋关节脱位后短肢畸形的疗效。方法：采用小腿延长术纠正15例青少年单侧先天性髋关节脱位患者患肢短缩畸形,随诊观察患肢跛行变化,小腿延长区愈合及并发症情况及对髋关节功能影响。结果：随诊5月-3年,15例患者跛行消失或明显减轻,小腿延长区愈合率100％,无血管和神经损伤,骨延长器针孔表浅感染4例共9孔经治疗痊愈,髋关节功能良好。结论：小腿延长术平衡双下肢安全可行,操作简单,是治疗青少年单侧先天性髋关节脱位后短肢畸形的一种较好方法。     

关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的临床研究

目的:研究髋关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的方法、疗效及适应证,探讨髋关节镜在髋关节疾病中的临床价值。方法:研究对象为86例有明显髋关节疼痛的患者,包括股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis,ON)(43%)、盂唇损伤(20%)、退行性关节病变(degenerative joint disease,DJD)(10%)、股骨头骨骺缺血性坏死(Legg-Calve'-Perthes,LCP)(10%)、髋关节游离体(10%)、髋关节疼痛(100%)、机械性损伤(78%)、运动损伤(56%)。对患者采用仰卧位进行髋关节镜检查,使用牵引床,300或700,前外侧入口。观察不同疾病在治疗后的预后结果。结果:所有患者均无并发症,平均随访时间30个月,有60%的患者疼痛症状得到缓解。盂唇(91%,P0.003)或LCP(89%,P0.05)患者疗效较好,而ON和DJD患者疼痛症状缓解较差,改善率仅为40%和44%。在吻合血管游离腓骨移植(free-vascularized fibular graft,FVEG)的患者中有34%在随访期间得到改善(P=0.003)。其中18名患者(21%)进行了全髋关节置换术。结论:髋关节镜手术对于游离体、盂唇损伤、局灶性软骨病变、晚期LCP后遗症患者有良好的治疗效果;对股骨头坏死的治疗效果不佳。     

保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术治疗中晚期股骨头坏死的临床疗效

目的:探讨中晚期股骨头坏死患者采用保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术治疗的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年2月至2015年2月在我院接受手术治疗的中晚期股骨头坏死患者30例。根据全髋关节置换术中股骨假体材料不同,将所选研究对象分为陶瓷界面组和金属界面组,每组15例。陶瓷界面组行陶瓷界面假体结合保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术,金属界面组行金属界面假体结合保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后输血量、Harris髋关节功能评分以及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);陶瓷界面组患者术中出血量及术后输血量均少于金属界面组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后Harris评分均高于术前,且陶瓷界面组高于金属界面组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者假体无松动、下沉等并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:陶瓷界面结合保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术是治疗中晚期股骨头坏死的临床疗效显著,值得推广应用。     

股骨头坏死行人工髋关节置换的护理干预

目的:分析股骨头坏死行人工髋关节置换的护理干预。方法:2012年6月-2014年6月期间,选取我院收治的53例股骨头坏死行人工髋关节置换术患者为研究对象,给予所有患者针对性护理,对护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:研究中所有患者在经过有针对性护理之后,恢复良好,并未出现严重并发症,患者住院时间15-35d,平均(23.3±2.1)d。结论:当股骨头坏死患者行人工髋关节置换术后,需对患者的病情进行严密观察,做好患者的心理护理,帮助患者尽早康复。     

外后侧小切口髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床研究

目的：观察髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死临床可行性和疗效。方法：后侧入路小切口行全款关节置换术,选取55例患者作为临床研究对象共62髋,进行12个月以上随访平均随访（15．5±2．5）个月。结果：术后患者功能恢复较好,假体位置及周围组织结合良好,Harris评分比术前提高45分以上,临床效果值得肯定。结论：通过外后侧入路髋关节置换治疗股骨头缺血性坏死可达到预期疗效,术前的充分准备对手术成功具有积极作用,可以作为减轻患者自身痛苦和降低医疗费用临床治疗方式。     

Dega骨盆截骨术后最佳中心边缘角的三维有限元分析

目的:应用三维有限元技术评估发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿在Dega骨盆截骨术后不同中心边缘角(center-edge angle,CEA)状态下髋臼的应力分布,为术前的手术规划提供有参考价值的生物力学结果。方法:使用已建立的DDH患者髋关节三维有限元模型,以术后CEA27°为中间值,每3°为一个变量,在Mimics誖10.0软件的模拟手术模块分别构建7组髋臼截骨术后的模型。在单腿站立和双腿站立状态下测量不同CEA状态下髋臼的应力分布。结果:单腿站立情况下,CEA为24°、27°、30°和33°的术后模型患侧髋臼的峰值应力接近正常侧。双腿站立情况下,CEA为24°时双侧髋臼的峰值应力最为接近。结论:对于该患者而言,在7组术后CEA中,24°时患侧髋臼的峰值应力与健侧最为接近,可以认为是最佳的术后CEA。有限元技术能够为Dega手术的术前规划提供个性化的指导方案。     

PREVENTION-ACHD: PRospEctiVE study on implaNTable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy and suddeN cardiac death in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease; Rationale and Design

Background

Many adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may prevent SCD, but the evidence for primary prevention indications is still unsatisfactory.

Study Design

PREVENTION-ACHD is a prospective study with which we aim to prospectively validate a new risk score model for primary prevention of SCD in ACHD patients, as well as the currently existing guideline recommendations. Patients are screened using a novel risk score to predict SCD as well as current ICD indications according to an international Consensus Statement. Patients are followed up for two years. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of SCD and sustained ventricular arrhythmias. The Study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03957824).

Conclusion

PREVENTION-ACHD is the first prospective study on SCD in ACHD patients. In the light of a growing and aging population of patients with more severe congenital heart defects, more robust clinical evidence on primary prevention of SCD is urgently needed.

     

Prosthetic valves in adult patients with congenital heart disease: Rationale and design of the Dutch PROSTAVA study

Background

Data on long-term complications in adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and a prosthetic valve are scarce. Moreover, the influence of prosthetic valves on quality of life (QoL) and functional outcome in ACHD patients with prosthetic valves has not been studied.

Objectives

The primary objective of the PROSTAVA study is to investigate the relation between prosthetic valve characteristics (type, size and location) and functional outcome as well as QoL in ACHD patients. The secondary objectives are to investigate the prevalence and predictors of prosthesis-related complications including prosthesis-patient mismatch.

Methods

The PROSTAVA study, a multicentre cross-sectional observational study, will include approximately 550 ACHD patients with prosthetic valves. Primary outcome measures are maximum oxygen uptake during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and QoL. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence and incidence of valve-related complications including prosthesis-patient mismatch. Other evaluations are medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, MRI, rhythm monitoring and laboratory evaluation (including NT-proBNP).

Implications

Identification of the relation between prosthetic valve characteristics in ACHD patients on one hand and functional outcome, QoL, the prevalence and predictors of prosthesis-related complications on the other hand may influence the choice of valve prosthesis, the indication for more extensive surgery and the indication for re-operation.     

Asymmetrical dimethylarginine--more sensitive than NT-proBNP to diagnose heart failure in adults with congenital heart disease

Background

Chronic heart failure is an important cause for morbidity and mortality in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). While NT-proBNP is an established biomarker for heart failure of non-congenital origin, its value in ACHD has limitations. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) correlates with disease severity and independently predicts adverse clinical events in heart failure of non-congenital origin. Its role in ACHD has not been investigated.

Methods

In 102 patients ADMA and NT-proBNP were measured and related to NYHA class, systemic ventricular function and parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Results

In contrast to NT-proBNP ADMA differentiated between NYHA classes I-III. Both, ADMA and NT-proBNP showed a good correlation with parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing with comparable receiver-operating characteristic curves for identifying patients with severely limited cardiopulmonary exercise capacity.

Conclusion

ADMA seems to be a better biomarker than NT-proBNP for the assessment of NYHA class and as a good as NT-proBNP for the estimation of maximum exercise capacity in adults with congenital heart disease. Its use in clinical routine should be evaluated.     

Neonatal screening in Vancouver for congenital dislocation of the hip.

After 20 years'' experience throughout the Western world the effectiveness of screening newborns for congenital dislocation of the hip remains controversial. Is the clinical test for hip instability (the Ortolani or "jump" sing) reliable? Are other equally important physical signs frequently missed by inexperienced examiners? Do some dislocations develop after the newborn period when no abnormality was identifiable during the first week of life? In Vancouver, screening for this condition was initiated in 1964. In the 5-year period 1967-1971 an orthopedic surgeon screened all the infants in the newborn nursery of one hospital, while orthopedic residents screened all those at another hospital. Their rates of neonatal and late (after the first month of lfe) diagnosis of congenital hip abnormalities were, respectively, 6 and 0.3/100 lives births for the surgeon and 5 and 0.8/1000 for the residents. In contrast, at 20 hospitals that did not have regular screenign the average rates were 1.2 and 1.4. Systematic screening the early treatment have great potential for reducing the need for immobilization and surgical treatment of infants who congenital dislocation of the hip is missed in the first month of life. it may also prevent the arthritic sequelae that in adult life afflict many patients whose treatment was begun after the newborn period.     

CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP—A Study of Open Reduction After Failure of Conservative Treatment

In a study of 42 cases in which open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip was carried out after conservative treatment had failed, the following observations were made (in a relatively short period of follow-up observation):No one pathological change, as observed at operation, was inordinately associated with failure of closed reduction.By far the highest incidence of successful results of open reduction was obtained in cases in which the operation was done in the second and third year of life.The highest incidence of successful operation, as appraised immediately after the procedure, was in patients more than one year and less than six years of age.Results as determined roentgenographically were in close agreement with results observed clinically.     

Angiopoietin-2 in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Failure

Background

Chronic heart failure is an important cause for morbidity and mortality in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). While NT-proBNP is an established biomarker for heart failure of non-congenital origin, its application in ACHD has limitations. The angiogenic factors Angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1, Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble receptor tyrosine kinase of the Tie family (sTie2) correlate with disease severity in heart failure of non-congenital origin. Their role in ACHD has not been studied.

Methods

In 91 patients Ang-2 and NT-proBNP were measured and related to New York Heart Association class, systemic ventricular function and parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Ang-1, VEGF, and sTie2 were also measured.

Results

Ang-2 correlates with NYHA class and ventricular dysfunction comparable to NT-proBNP. Further, Ang-2 showed a good correlation with parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Both, Ang-2 and NT-proBNP identified patients with severely limited cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Additionally, Ang-2 is elevated in patients with a single ventricle physiology in contrast to NT-proBNP. VEGF, Ang-1, and sTie2 were not correlated with any clinical parameter.

Conclusion

The performance of Ang-2 as a biomarker for heart failure in ACHD is comparable to NT-proBNP. Its significant elevation in patients with single ventricle physiology indicates potential in this patient group and warrants further studies.     

Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: Prognostic Implications of Early Diagnosis

A retrospective analysis of 62 patients with 78 congenital dislocations of the hip (CDH) referred to Children''s Hospital at Stanford was done to ascertain whether CDH was being diagnosed as early as had been thought possible and whether various treatments were effective. In this series there were a substantial number of cases of CDH that were not diagnosed within the first 48 hours of life. At Children''s Hospital the Pavlik harness was the most effective form of treatment of congenital dislocations of the hip in the perinatal period.     

流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析

摘要目的：随着我国人口老龄化日渐严重,高龄人群中髋关节骨折或坏死的发病率明显呈上升趋势。目前,临床用于治疗该类疾 病的方法主要是全髋关节置换术(THA)。但高龄患者身体机能出现衰退,术后极易出现并发症。因此,高龄患者行全髋关节置换术 的围术期护理工作起着重要的作用。本文针对行全髋关节置换术的高龄患者,探讨流程管理模式的临床效果,为护理工作提供参 考。方法：选择我科2010 年12 月至2013 年6 月行全髋关节置换术的12 位高龄患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,分别采用常规 模式和流程管理模式进行护理。对比两组患者的临床效果及对护理服务的满意度。结果：观察组患者无一例并发症出现,髋关节 功能恢复良好,均痊愈出院,且住院时间比对照组短(P<0.05);观察组对护理服务的满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论：采取流程管理模式对高龄患者的围术期护理具有显著的效果,有助于减少术后并发症,提高患者对护理服务的满意度, 值得临床推广。     

流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析

目的：随着我国人口老龄化日渐严重,高龄人群中髋关节骨折或坏死的发病率明显呈上升趋势。目前,临床用于治疗该类疾病的方法主要是全髋关节置换术（THA）。但高龄患者身体机能出现衰退,术后极易出现并发症。因此,高龄患者行全髋关节置换术的围术期护理工作起着重要的作用。本文针对行全髋关节置换术的高龄患者,探讨流程管理模式的临床效果,为护理工作提供参考。方法：选择我科2010年12月至2013年6月行全髋关节置换术的12位高龄患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,分别采用常规模式和流程管理模式进行护理。对比两组患者的临床效果及对护理服务的满意度。结果：观察组患者无一例并发症出现,髋关节功能恢复良好,均痊愈出院,且住院时间比对照组短（P〈0．05）;观察组对护理服务的满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：采取流程管理模式对高龄患者的围术期护理具有显著的效果,有助于减少术后并发症,提高患者对护理服务的满意度,值得临床推广。