肝细胞生长因子对四氯化碳损伤原代培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用

本工作采用无血清原代培养大鼠肝细胞法,观察了重组人肝细胞生长因子（ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ）对四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）致大鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明,ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ对ＣＣｌ４染毒肝细胞有明显的保护作用。ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ保护组较ＣＣｌ４染毒组细胞存活率显著升高,细胞内丙氨酸转氨酶、钾离子漏出明显降低。结果提示,ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ可减轻ＣＣｌ４对肝细胞膜的损伤,提高细胞膜的结构完整性     

肝细胞生长因子对四氯化碳损伤原代培养大鼠肝细胞的保护…

本工作采用无血清原供培养大鼠肝细胞法,观察了重组人肝细胞生长因子对四氯化碳致大鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明,ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ对ＣＣｌ４染毒肝细胞有明显的保护作用。ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ保护组较ＣＣｌ４染毒组细胞存活率显著升高,细胞内丙氨酸转氨酶,钾离子漏出明显降低。     

重组人肝细胞生长因子抗四氯化碳染毒小鼠肝的保护效应

为检测重组人肝细胞生长因子（ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ）的保肝作用,本工作观察到ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ降低ＣＣｌ４染毒小鼠血清ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ升高的幅度,减轻肝组织受损的程度和防止肝细胞器的破坏,而且,ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ的这种保肝效应所需剂量极小,为ｎｇ级。根据上述资料推测,ｒ－ｈＨＧＦ为一极有效的保护小鼠肝抗ＣＣｌ４损伤的生长因子     

人肝再生增强因子在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及生物学活…

将人肝再生增强因子编码区ｃＤＮＡ亚克隆于表达质业ＰＢＶ－２２０,构建了高效表达菌株,其特异表达蛋白占细菌可溶性蛋白的２０％,表达产物在体内具有促进肝细胞ＤＮＡ合成和提高ＣＣｌ４致中毒性肝功能衰竭大鼠存活率的作用。     

大鼠再生肝抗四氯化碳损伤作用—粗面内质网的形态计量学研究

电镜形态计量学证明,大鼠再生肝对ＣＣｌ４损伤有明显抵抗作用。根据肝小叶外带肝细胞体密度、粗面内质网面密度、比表面及单位膜面附着核糖体数等参量的测算,再生肝接受ＣＣｌ４后肝细胞损伤减轻,粗面内质网不肿胀,膜面积及附着的核糖体数比正常肝ＣＣｌ４损伤后的相应数值增加,假手术动物对ＣＣｌ４肝损伤也有抵抗作用。这种细胞保护机制可能与应激与肝细胞内金属硫蛋白合成增加有关。     

人肝再生增强因子在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及生物学活性研究

将人肝再生增强因子编码区ｃＤＮＡ亚克隆于表达质粒ｐＢＶ－２２０,构建了高效表达菌株,其特异表达蛋白占细菌可溶性蛋白的２０％,表达产物在体内具有促进肝细胞ＤＮＡ合成和提高ＣＣｌ４致中毒性肝功能衰竭大鼠存活率的作用。     

川芎嗪与秋水仙碱抗肝纤维化的实验研究

实验ＳＤ大鼠随机分为正常组、ＣＣｌ４组、川芎嗪组和秋水仙碱组。实验结果显示：与ＣＣｌ４组比较,川芎嗪组血清ＡＬＴ、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）、透明质酸（ＨＡ）及肝组织ＭＤＡ明显减低,肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性显著提高,胶原纤维增生程度显著减轻,结蛋白（Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ）阳性细胞显著减少。两治疗组之间,血清ＰＣⅢ、ＨＡ及肝组织Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ阳性细胞数和胶原纤维增生程度无显著差异。表明川芎嗪有明显保护肝细胞、抗脂质过氧化和肝纤维化作用。秋火仙碱抗肝纤维化效应与之相似,但无抗脂质过氧化和保护肝细胞作用。     

大鼠再生肝刺激因子抗四氯化碳损伤的研究

我们以往的研究证明,大鼠再生肝具有抗四氯化碳损伤的能力。本工作进一步研究其机制,首先从部分（６８％）肝切除后不同的再生肝的取肝刺激因子,用＾３Ｈ胸腺嘧喧核苷测定ｒＨＳＳ的生物活性,结果表明部分切除肝后７２ｈ的ｒＨＳＳ活性较对照组约增加７．７倍。然后将ｒＨＳＳ注射给小鼠,观察其抗ＣＣｌ４损伤肝的效应,具体表现如下：ｒＨＳＳ能减少ＣＣｌ４中毒小鼠的死亡率和降低ＣＣｌ４所增高的血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶     

肝再生增强因子的cDNA克隆,表达及表达产物的生物活性研究

以肝部分切除后再生肝组织为起始材料,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增出大夺再生增强因子（ＡＬＲ）,亚克隆子于ＰＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体,核苷酸序列测定证实为大鼠ＡＬＲ;将ＡＬＰＣＤＮＡ亚克隆于ＰＢＶ２２０质粒,构建了原核表达载体,并获高效表达菌株,特异表达蛋白占细菌总蛋白的１５％,原核表达的ＡＬＲ在体外缺乏促进大鼠原代培养肝细胞及ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１肝癌细胞ＤＮＡ合成的活性,但天体内１／３肝部分切除模型中可刺激肝细胞ＤＮ     

四氯化碳损伤成年大鼠肝细胞后原癌基因（c－fos／c－jun）表达的观察

用四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）损伤正常大鼠后,采用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法和免疫组化法观察肝细胞原癌基因（ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ）的表达。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法表明,当成年大鼠的静息期肝细胞受到ＣＣｌ４损伤性刺激后,ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ产物（Ｆｏｓ和Ｊｕｎ）水平升高,在ＣＣｌ４处理后３０ｍｉｎ开始升高,在４ｈ时消失。８ｈ后Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ再度出现,并持续２４ｈ以上。ＩＣＣ法表明,Ｊｕｎ阳性细胞为靠近肝中央静脉区的肝实质细胞。根据上述资料推测,肝受ＣＣｌ４损伤后肝细胞的原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ出现即时的与滞后的两次表达,这与肝细胞进入细胞周期有关,这种基因表达也许可作为肝再生过程中识别特殊体液因子的标志。     

Ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling in primary culture

The effect of ammonia on water space of astrocytes in culture was determined as a means of studying the neurotoxicity of ammonia in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Treatment of primary astrocyte cultures obtained from neonatal rat cortices with 10 mM NH₄Cl for 4 days resulted in a 29% increase in astrocytic water space, as measured by an isotopic method utilizing 3-O-methyl-[³H]-glucose. this effect was time- and dose-dependent. The ammonia-induced swelling was reversible as the water space in cultures treated with 10 mH NH₄Cl for 3 days, and then returned to normal culture media for 1 day, was similar to control cultures. These findings suggest that elevated levels of ammonia lead to astrocyte swelling and may contribute to the brain edema in FHF.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Santiago Grisolia     

细胞外信号调节激酶1在大鼠胆汁性肝纤维化形成过程中的含量变化

目的:探讨细胞外信号调节激酶1(ERK1)在肝纤维化形成过程中的含量变化.方法:采用胆总管结扎(BDL)方法建立大鼠胆汁性肝纤维化模型,应用免疫组织化学、Western blotting技术及逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,研究ERK1及其mRNA在肝纤维化不同时期肝组织中的分布及含量的动态变化.结果:正常肝组织有少量ERK1分布,随着肝纤维化的发展,ERK1阳性细胞明显增多;正常大鼠肝组织中有ERK1蛋白表达,造模1～4周明显增多,4周时增加了3.9倍:正常大鼠肝组织中亦有ERK1 mRNA表达,于造模2 d开始上调,造模4周表达最多.结论:肝纤维化形成过程中ERK1及其mRNA含量增加,尤以造模4周最明显.     

吲哚氰绿排泄试验评价肝储备功能与拔管时问的研究

目的：术前评估肝硬化患者肝脏储备功能,及其与患者拔管时间及改良OAA/S评分的关系。方法：对60例肝硬化失代偿患者术前行吲哚氰绿排泄试验。将患者分为三组：按吲哚氰绿15min储留率（ICGR15）将患者分为两组I1组,I2组,另30例肝功能正常患者为对照组（C组）。观测ICGR15与患者拔管时间及改良OAA/S评分的关系。结果：拔管时间I1组与I2组均明显长于C组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;发生呕吐,烦躁者I1组与I2组均明显多于C组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,OAA/S评分〉3分者I1组与I2组均多于C组,但无统计学意义。结论：ICGR15对于判断肝硬化患者围术期拔管的时间具有一定的参考价值。     

Applications of proteomics in hepatic diseases research

Proteomics has become an important part in the leading research area and been widely used in the disease-associated study. In hepatic research field, proteomics could be applied in study of hepatic diseases including liver cancer, cirrhosis and hepatotoxicities, etc. Significant proteins could be identified as biomarkers, drug targets and clues for pathogenesis illumination.     

二氢杨梅素通过抑制铁自噬而抑制铁超载诱导的肝星状细胞活化

目的 肝星状细胞（HSCs）是肝纤维化（HF）过程中细胞外基质（ECM）的主要来源,在HF的发生发展中起着重要作用。二氢杨梅素（DMY）具有保肝作用,但机制不清。本研究观察了DMY对枸橼酸铁铵（FAC）诱导HSC-T6细胞活化的影响,并探讨了可能的机制。方法 采用MTT法检测细胞活力,ELISA法检测培养上清中ECM主要成分的含量,普鲁士蓝染色观察HSC-T6细胞铁沉积,比色法测定HSC-T6细胞总铁含量,钙黄绿素法检测细胞内游离铁水平,透射电镜观察HSC-T6细胞超微结构。蛋白质免疫印迹法检测铁蛋白重链1（FTH1）、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、核受体辅活化子4（NCOA4）、微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）和p62/SQSTM1的表达。结果 与FAC组比较,DMY+FAC组细胞培养液中ECM主要成分、细胞内总铁和游离铁水平、细胞中α-SMA、NCOA4和LC3-Ⅱ表达以及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值均显著降低,而FTH1和p62蛋白表达显著上调。雷帕霉素部分阻断DMY抑制FAC诱导的HSCs活化的作用。结论 DMY可抑制铁超载诱导的HSCs活化,其机制可能与抑制铁自噬有关。     

Activated hepatic stellate cells promote angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by secreting angiopoietin-1

Angiogenesis is the central pathological process in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its progression is affected by tumor cells and the microenvironment. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the most significant stromal cells involved in HCC. This study was aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of aHSCs on angiogenesis in HCC. We isolated primary hepatoma cells, aHSCs, and hepatic vascular endothelial cells from human HCC samples. Then, we performed a novel in vitro assay and in vivo experiment in a nude mouse HCC model to investigate the functions of aHSCs on angiogenesis in HCC. Our results demonstrated that aHSCs are the primary sources of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in human HCC in vitro, and aHSCs could promote hepatic vascular endothelial cell (HVEC) growth by secreting Ang-1. Furthermore, aHSCs could induce HVEC microtubule formation, and this ability was reduced when Ang-1 expression was silenced in aHSCs. In addition, CD34 expression in a nude mouse HCC model was downregulated when Ang-1 messenger RNA was silenced in aHSCs. Our data also indicated that HSC Ang-1 expression could be inhibited by overexpressing Raf kinase inhibitor protein. Therefore, we suggest that aHSCs promote angiogenesis through secreting Ang-1, potentially providing an interesting target for antiangiogenic therapies for HCC.     

Sphingosine 1-phosphate regulates regeneration and fibrosis after liver injury via sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator, stimulates proliferation and contractility in hepatic stellate cells, the principal matrix-producing cells in the liver, and inhibits proliferation via S1P receptor 2 (S1P(2)) in hepatocytes in rats in vitro. A potential role of S1P and S1P(2) in liver regeneration and fibrosis was examined in S1P(2)-deficient mice. Nuclear 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine labeling, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining in hepatocytes, and the ratio of liver weight to body weight were enhanced at 48 h in S1P(2)-deficient mice after a single carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) injection. After dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration with a lethal dose, PCNA staining in hepatocytes was enhanced at 48 h and survival rate was higher in S1P(2)-deficient mice. Serum aminotransferase level was unaltered in those mice compared with wild-type mice in both CCl(4)- and DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that S1P(2) inactivation accelerated regeneration not as a response to enhanced liver damage. After chronic CCl(4) administration, fibrosis was less apparent, with reduced expression of smooth-muscle alpha-actin-positive cells in the livers of S1P(2)-deficient mice, suggesting that S1P(2) inactivation ameliorated CCl(4)-induced fibrosis due to the decreased accumulation of hepatic stellate cells. Thus, S1P plays a significant role in regeneration and fibrosis after liver injury via S1P(2).