Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus （Polypodiaceae） from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, and spores. As a result, nine species were recognized： Lepisorus macrosphaerus （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus asterolepis （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Lepisorus kuchenensis （Y.C. Wu） Ching, Lepisorus megasorus （C. Chr.） Ching, Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa, Lepisorus subsessilis Ching ＆ Y.X. Lin, Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus （Hook.） Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa was reinstated; Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching ＆ S.K. Wu and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms ofL. nudus and L. affinis, respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.     

广东蕨类植物分布新记录

报道7个广东分布新记录种：细羽凤尾蕨、尾头风尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨、阔鳞肋毛蕨、网脉实蕨和海南假瘤蕨。其中细羽凤尾蕨、尾头凤尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨为石灰岩上生长种类。     

Molecular Taxonomic Study and Revision of the Three Japanese Species of Asplenium sect. Thamnopteris

Asplenium sect. Thamnopteris or A. nidus L. complex is defined by the synapomorphic character peculiar to Aspleniaceae, an anastomosing vein near the margin of the simple lamina. Thus, it is easily recognizable and its monophyly is quite clear. In spite of its naturalness as the whole group, species delimitation is very confusing. Three species of sect. Thamnopteris, A. antiquum Makino, A. australasicum (J. Smith) Hooker and A. nidus L. have been recognized in Japan, but the naturalness of each species is still not clear because their morphology is too simple to find good qualitative taxonomical characters. In the present work, we examined the intraspecific variation of allozymes and rbcL sequences in the Japanese plants of sect. Thamnopteris and compared them with those from other paleotropical localities in order to recognize natural units in such morphologically simple plants. We found a large amount of genetic variation in this section and inferred that A. antiquum is a species of ancient origin, though morphologically it is not so different from other species of the sect. Thamnopteris. It was also discovered that the so called “A. australasicum” in Japan has a very different rbcL sequence from A. australasicum sensu Holttum, which is distributed in Australia and South Pacific Islands. Based on these molecular data, we described the Japanese “A. australasicum” as a new species, Asplenium setoi N. Murak. et Seriz. Received 9 September 1998/ Accepted in revised form 22 December 1998     

滇产凤尾蕨属植物小志

本文订正滇产凤尾蕨属植物2种和1变种。Pteris subsimplex Ching ex Ching et S．H．Wu、Pteris hekouensis Ching ex Ching et S．H．Wu和Pteris monghaiensis Ching ex Ching et S．H．Wu被作为新异名处理。     

Taxonomic notes on Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) from Yunnan,China

In the present paper, two species and one variety of the fern genus Pteris from Yunnan have been revised. Pteris subsimplex Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wu, Pteris hekouensis Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wu and Pteris monghaiensis Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wuare treated as new synonyms.     

宽带蕨属（水龙骨科）的系统学研究

对喜马拉雅和横断山地区特有的水龙骨科的宽带蕨属Platygyria Ching&S.K.Wu植物进行了形态学、分类学、生态和植物地理学的观察与分析,探讨了该属植物的系统位置、亲缘关系和生态适应性,推测宽带蕨属是随着喜马拉雅山脉的隆升,由瓦韦属Lepisorus（J.Sm.）Ching网眼瓦韦群植物适应高寒生态环境演化而来的新生类群。确定宽带蕨属有5种,即川西宽带蕨P.soulieana（Christ）X.C.Zhang&Q.R.Liu、多变宽带蕨P.variabilis Ching&S.K.Wu、耳基宽带     

Spore morphology of the north Asian members of Cystopteridaceae

Spores of Cystopteridaceae from northern Asia were examined using scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the utility of spore morphology in the taxonomy of each genus, we examined spores of 14 species: seven species each of Gymnocarpium and Cystopteris. Among these are 12 species occurring in northern Asia and two species from other regions for comparative studies. The study focused particularly on perispore characters and spore size. Spores of all species examined are monolete, bean-shaped, with a range in spore size of 26–56 × 18–37 μm for Cystopteris and 25–48 × 16–34 μm for Gymnocarpium. The perispore is morphologically diverse within Cystopteris, but less so within Gymnocarpium. The perispore of the Cystopteris spores is characterised by folds and spines that are separate or form complex sculptural elements. Sacci, ridges and flanges, sometimes on the same spore, are characteristic of the perispore of Gymnocarpium. Spores have straight laesura over which the perispore forms a crest. The crest represents a high and flat fold, which is entire, foveolate or reticulate.     

Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae) from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis and spores. As a result nine species were recognized: Lepisorus macrosphaerus (Baker) Ching, L. asterolepis (Baker) Ching, L. marginatus Ching, L. kuchenensis (Y. C. Wu) Ching, L. megasorus(C. Chr.) Ching, L. kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa, L. subsessilis Ching & Y. X. Lin, L. affinis Ching and L. nudus (Hook.) Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa was reinstated; L. gyirongensis Ching & S. K. Wu and L. longus Ching were reduced to synonyms of L. nudus and L. affinis respectively. The subdivision of L. macrosphaerusis was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.     

云南产凤尾蕨属植物(凤尾蕨科)的新修订

在《中国植物志》和《云南植物志》的基础上,对云南产凤尾蕨属植物进行新的分类修订。文中澄清了8个混淆类群,其中新等级1种,即高原凤尾蕨Pteriscuspigera(Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu)X.Q.Song;云南分布新记录1种,即假指状凤尾蕨Pteris psudodactylina Ching et S.K.Wu;新异名3个,即Pteris asperi-caulis var.cuspigera Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu,Pteris inaequalis Bak.及Pteris wallichiana var.yunnanensis(Christ)Ching et S.H.Wu。还列出了新修订种类的文献引证、标本引证、生境和地理分布。经该文研究确认,现知云南有该属植物48种。     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching &; S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching &; Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching &; P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching &; S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching &; P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

A skin disease of the eels caused by Myxobolus kotlami n. sp.

In elvers (Anguilla anguilla) imported yearly to a fish farm in Hungary the regular occurrence of a Myxobolus infection was recorded. The parasite produces oval or spherical plasmodia of 0.1–0.2·0.07–0.12mm in the subcutaneous and intermuscular connective tissue of the head. In each piasmodium about 200 to 400 spores develop which differ morphologically from the spores of all Myxobolus species known from the eel and other fishes. Based upon the characteristic location of plasmodia and spore morphology, this parasite is described as a new species, Myxobolus kotlani.     

中国四种卷柏科植物孢子的形态观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对睫毛卷柏（Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring）、甘肃卷柏（S.kansuensis Ching）、墨脱卷柏（S.mutensis Ching）、毛枝卷柏（S.trichoclada Alston）等4种中国产卷柏科（Selaginellaceae）植物的大、小孢子进行了详细的观察。结果表明,4种卷柏的大、小孢子在表面纹饰方面存在明显的差异,而在每一种内,孢子形态是基本稳定的。因此,孢子形态特征可以作为区分种的重要依据。4种卷柏的大、小孢子的孢壁多为混合纹饰类型,且近极面纹饰比远极面的细密。     

The systematic position ofAsplenium cardiophyllum (Aspleniaceae)

Asplenium cardiophyllum is a morphologically unusual species with simple leaves and anastomosing venation, and is often placed in the segregate genusBoniniella. To determine its systematic position, character comparisons were made of vascular anatomy, raphides in leaf epidermis, chromosome number and perispore of this species and those ofAsplenium sect.Hymenasplenium. Asplenium cardiophyllum conforms with sect.Hymenasplenium in its dorsiventral dictyostele, the presence of raphides, a chromosome number of 2n=156 (x=39), and lophate peristore with spinulate projections on the lumina. We therefore propose to includeA. cardiophyllum in that section. Dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Kunio Mitui.     

中国25个蕨类植物名称原白中排印错误之更正

根据《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规》（深圳法规）规则9.2的精神,对我国25个蕨类植物名称的原白中指定的主模式标本错误做了更正,这些植物名称是粤里白、峨眉里白、云南姬蕨、阔基凤丫蕨、川西蹄盖蕨、无盖蹄盖蕨、贡山蹄盖蕨、哈巴蹄盖蕨、假轴果蹄盖蕨、大盖蹄盖蕨、金佛山蛾眉蕨、城口假冷蕨、墨脱红线蕨、镰羽复叶耳蕨、离脉柳叶蕨、弓羽柳叶蕨、木坪贯众、秦岭贯众、强壮鳞毛蕨、西天目鳞毛蕨、百山祖鳞毛蕨、离柄沙皮蕨、毛根蕨、长柄线蕨和长瓦韦。     

国产蹄盖蕨属软刺蹄盖蕨组植物的研究

作者对国产蹄盖蕨属软刺蹄盖蕨组植物从形态分类和地理分布上进行了研究,共计载了23种。其中Athyrium densisorum,A.medogense和A.chingianum为新种,A.paranigripes为一新名称。文中还附有分类检索表,每种都有文献、异名和标本引证及地理分布。     

Stelar structure ofAsplenium obtusifolium and its allied species in the New World tropics,with comparison to the Asian members ofAsplenium sect.Hymenasplenium

The stelar structure ofAsplenium obtusifolium and its related species (A. repandulum, A. riparium, A. triquetrum, A. volubile, A. purpurascens, A. ortegae, A. delitescens, A. hoffmannii, andA. laetum) in the New World tropics was observed and compared to that of Asian species ofAsplenium sect.Hymenasplenium. Both of the groups were found to share peculiar stelar structures: steles with two meristeles, a broader ventral and a narrower dorsal, each providing one of the two leaf traces; leaf gaps arranged in two rows between the dorsal and ventral strands, which are connected by thin meristeles, delimiting the leaf gaps. These structures are distinct from the radial symmetrical ones general inAsplenium. Together with cytological evidence, this strongly indicates that the New and Old World groups are closely related. Thus, these Neotropical species should be included in sect.Hymenasplenium.     

网叶马铃苣苔(苦苣苔科)的重新发现以及花的补充描述

花部形态是马铃苣苔属属下划分和种间界定的关键性状,缺乏花器官的描述直接导致了一些存疑物种的存在。网叶马铃苣苔(Oreocharis rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li)自1956年最后被采集到并于1983年发表,由于没有花的特征,在《中国植物志》《中国苦苣苔科植物》和Flora of China均存疑,但该种在随后的60余年间再无相关的采集记录。作者经过多年的跟踪调查,于2017年在其模式产地重新发现并采集了带花的凭证标本。该文作者根据已经采集到的具花标本,确定这个种是个自然种,并基于新收集到的材料,补充描述了花的形态特征。网叶马铃苣苔的重新发现,为探索其系统位置提供了重要的依据。     

Factors Influencing Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development in Anemia mexicana and Anemia phyllitidis

Spores of Anemia mexicana Klotzsch and Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Swartz were tested comparatively to investigate the effects of various treatments on spore germination and early gametophyte development in light and darkness. The optimum pH for induction of spore germination is approximately 6. Both species have a minimum 8 hour light insensitive preinduction phase for spore germination. An additional 8 to 12 hours of light are needed to induce 50% germination in A. phyllitidis while at least 24 hours of light are needed for A. mexicana spores. A. phyllitidis has greater sensitivity to the four gibberellic acids tested (GA₃, GA₄, GA₇, and GA₁₃) than A. mexicana for induction of spore germination in darkness. In both species the greatest response was observed with GA₄ and GA₇. GA₁₃ was clearly the least effective. Gametophytes of each species are 100 times more sensitive to their own antheridiogen than to the antheridiogen of the other species. AMO-1618 (1 millimolar), fenarimol (1 mm), and ancymidol (0.1 mm) had essentially no effect on light-induced germination. The latter two did, however, inhibit gametophyte development.     

宁夏4种新记录植物（二）

报道了宁夏4个新记录种——野豌豆(Vicia sepium L.)、小花柳叶菜(Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.)、长嘴薹草(Carex longerostrata C.A.Mey.)、狭盖粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris stenochlamys Ching ex S.K.Wu)。对于补充完善宁夏植物资源,研究宁夏植物区系有重要意义。     

Phylogenetic position of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Acaulospora gerdemannii, and its synanamorphGlomus leptotichum, based upon 18S rRNA gene sequence

We examined the phylogenetic position of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus which produces two types of spore,Acaulospora gerdemannii andGlomus leptotichum, based upon the DNA sequence of the 18S rRNA gene. DNA was extracted separately from bothGlomus-like orAcaulospora-like spores and partial 5′-terminus segments of 18S rRNA gene were amplified by the PCR method. Several clones derived from each spore type were sequenced and compared. The sequences from both spore types agreed well, confirming that these morphologically different spores were formed by the same fungus. Nucleotide substitutions were found among several clones, suggesting polymorphism of the rRNA gene in glomalean fungi. Further phylogenetic analysis based upon the whole sequence of the 18S rRNA gene showed thatA. gerdemannii may be within the order Glomales but is far from the fungi that have been analyzed and probably should be in a new family.