毛竹PsbS基因的克隆及其原核表达特征研究

采用RT-PCR技术从毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)叶片中克隆到1个PsbS基因,命名为PePsbS (GenBank No. FJ600727),其编码区为810 bp,编码269个氨基酸。序列分析表明,PePsbS编码的蛋白与其它单子叶植物的PsbS蛋白有很高的相似性。蛋白结构分析表明,PePsbS基因编码蛋白包含导肽部分和成熟蛋白,其中成熟蛋白包含4个跨膜结构域。将PePsbS基因编码成熟蛋白的序列构建到原核表达载体pET23a中,并转入大肠杆菌,用IPTG进行诱导表达。结果表明, 41℃下诱导4 h的表达效果最好,目的蛋白含量约占总蛋白的21.5%,分子量约为22.0 kD。这说明温度和诱导时间明显影响PePsbS基因的表达。     

白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

为认识葫芦科植物中葫芦素生物合成途径所需鲨烯合酶基因结构特征,克隆白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶(squalene synthase,SS)基因c DNA并进行生物信息学分析。根据葫芦科植物绞股蓝、罗汉果、红花栝楼等的鲨烯合酶基因cDNA序列,设计白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶引物,分别采用3'RACE和5'RACE技术扩增鲨烯合酶基因3'端和5'端。获得白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因的两个cDNA克隆,命名为CsSS1和CsSS2,其cDNA序列全长分别为1 627 bp和1 534 bp,都编码417个氨基酸残基,分子质量为47.6 k D。成功克隆得到白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因全长cDNA序列并对其进行序列分析,后续可用于葫芦素生物合成途径所需鲨烯合酶基因正选择位点功能分析。     

青皮苦瓜鲨烯合酶基因ORF序列的克隆和正选择分析

为研究葫芦科植物中三萜皂苷生物合成通路中的关键酶鲨烯合酶的分子进化,克隆青皮苦瓜鲨烯合酶基因的c DNA序列,并进行正选择分析。根据葫芦科植物之间的同源性设计青皮苦瓜鲨烯合酶引物。采用3'RACE和5'RACE快速扩增技术分两步进行巢式PCR扩增鲨烯合酶ORF序列。根据克隆出来的青皮苦瓜编码框序列以及在Gen Bank数据库中完整的陆生植物鲨烯合酶编码框序列信息,用贝叶斯方法和PAML4软件进行鲨烯合酶的正选择分析。青皮苦瓜鲨烯合酶基因c DNA的克隆,命名为Mc SS,其c DNA序列全长为1 548 bp,ORF 1 251 bp,编码417个氨基酸残基。通过正选择运算,检测到33个正选择位点,其正选择位点主要集中在第二跨膜区及其两侧。本研究成功克隆得到青皮苦瓜鲨烯合酶基因全长c DNA序列并对其正选择分析,在三萜合成通路上为鲨烯合酶的定点突变提供重要参考。     

异育银鲫GABAB受体1亚基cDNA部分序列的克隆及表达分析

为了确定γ-氨基丁酸B受体（gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor,GABA_BR）基因在异育银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）不同组织中的表达,本实验分别对异育银鲫不同组织中GABA_BR1基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并进行了克隆和测序,在与GenBank基因库中已知GABA_BR1序列进行同源性比对的基础上采用邻接法构建系统发育树,并进一步分析其在异育银鲫不同组织内的表达水平。经克隆获得异育银鲫GABA_BR1基因CDS区序列383 bp,编码127个氨基酸。荧光定量PCR结果显示,GABA_BR1基因在异育银鲫脑、肝、肾、心、肠、鳔、鳃、肌、尾鳍、脾、卵巢、精巢组织中均有表达,且在不同组织中的表达水平由高到低依次是：脑>尾鳍>精巢>心、肠、鳔>卵巢、脾、鳃、肌>肝、肾。本研究证实了GABA_BR1基因在异育银鲫各组织中表达的广泛性,且有明显的组织特异性。     

奥利亚罗非鱼髓样分化因子(MyD88)的克隆及其在组织中的表达

髓样分化因子（myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88）是TLR（toll-like receptor）信号通路的关键接头蛋白,在先天性免疫中具有重要作用。通过RACE-RCR技术克隆了奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）MyD88基因cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号：JN032017）。序列分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88 基因全长为1 611 bp,其中包括155 bp的5’非编码区,589 bp的3’非编码区和867 bp的编码区,编码288个氨基酸残基。MyD88蛋白N端具有死亡结构域,C端具有TIR结构域。同源性分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88氨基酸序列与鳜鱼（Siniperca chuats）相似性最高,为85.8%,与其他鱼类相似性为70%~82%,与哺乳动物相似性为63%~66%;系统进化树分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88与同属鲈形目的鳜鱼、大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）聚在一起。采用实时定量PCR方法检测MyD88在奥利亚罗非鱼各组织中的表达情况。结果显示,MyD88在所有被测组织中都有表达,其中表达量最高的是卵巢,其次在小肠、脾、肝、肾、鳃和血液中有较高的表达量,肌肉、精巢组织中表达量最低。本研究可为进一步探讨MyD88在奥利亚罗非鱼TLR信号通路中的作用奠定一定的基础。     

施氮量对麻疯树幼苗生长及叶片光合特性的影响

采用盆栽土培的方法,研究了不同施氮量(对照N₀ 0 kg N/hm²、低氮N_L 96 kg N/hm²、中氮N_M 288 kg N/hm²、高氮N_H 480 kg N/hm²)对麻疯树幼苗生长、叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,麻疯树幼苗叶片氮含量、可溶性蛋白含量、株高、地径、叶片数量、叶面积、根长、各组分生物量、叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和水分利用效率(WUE)均随施氮量的增加先升高后降低,N_M处理下麻疯树幼苗长势最好,各气体交换参数值最高;施氮对麻疯树地上部分的促进作用远大于地下部分,施氮后根冠比显著降低;此外,麻疯树叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效量子产量(F'v/F'm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均随施氮量的增加而升高,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)随施氮量增加而降低。适量施氮可通过增强叶绿体光化学活性、气孔导度和羧化能力而提高麻疯树幼苗的光合能力,促进生长;过高施氮对麻疯树幼苗光合与生长的促进效应降低。试验条件下,当年生麻疯树幼苗的最适施氮量为288 kg N/hm²。     

巴西橡胶树鲨烯合酶基因的克隆与序列分析

鲨烯合酶(SQS )是植物甾醇和三萜化合物生物合成途径中的关键酶。以巴西橡胶树为试验材料,提取胶乳总 RNA,利用 RT-PCR 以及 RACE 的方法克隆橡胶树鲨烯合酶 cDNA 编码区片段,并进行序列分析。结果表明：橡胶树鲨烯合酶 cDNA 编码区为1239 bp,编码413个氨基酸,命名为 HbSQS 。荧光定量分析表明鲨烯合酶基因在不同组织里表达水平存在明显差异,且受乙烯调控。     

油茶种仁鲨烯合酶基因的分子特性与表达分析

角鲨烯含量是高品质植物食用油评判标准的重要指标之一。鲨烯合酶是角鲨烯合成直接相关的上游调控关键酶。本研究在已构建的油茶种仁转录组数据库基础上,设计特异引物,采用RACE技术获得油茶鲨烯合酶基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为CoSQS(Gen Bank登录号为JX914592)。生物信息学分析结果表明:该序列全长1554 bp,其中含全长的开放阅读框为1245 bp,编码415个氨基酸残基,CoSQS蛋白为弱碱性非分泌型蛋白,具有2个明显的跨膜区和2个角鲨烯和番茄红素合成酶的特异信号区。与柿Dk SQS同源蛋白亲缘关系最近,属于疏水性蛋白。亚细胞定位试验结果显示该基因定位于叶绿体。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,5-10月间,油茶种仁中CoSQS基因表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,转录最高峰在9月下旬。通过关联分析表明CoSQS基因表达量与角鲨烯含量密切相关。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌chiA,chiB全基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

以苏云金芽孢杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株基因组DNA为模版,用touchdown PCR方法扩增几丁质酶ChiA和ChiB的全基因序列(GenBank登录号:EF103273和DQ512474)。将PCR产物连接pUCm-T克隆载体,获得重组质粒pUCm-chiA和pUCm-chiB,分别转化E.coliXL-Blue。克隆的几丁质酶基因可以利用本身的启动子异源表达各自的蛋白,不需要几丁质作为诱导物。表达的几丁质酶能够分泌到胞外。证明15A3菌株可组成型表达2种几丁质酶。经核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析证明,chiA基因全长1426bp,含有343bp的上游非编码区和1083bp的ORF,编码360个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量为36kD,只有一个几丁质酶催化域。chiB基因全长2279bp,含有248bp的上游非编码区和2031bp的ORF,编码676个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量约为70.6kD,具有三个功能域。核苷酸序列分析显示chiA和chiB的启动子所处的位置及转录起始碱基都不相同,-35区相同,而-10区有两个碱基不同,SD序列也不完全一致。     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育得到的漆酶高产菌株。为了对其漆酶基因进行研究和利用,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)技术,从T.gallica诱变菌株SAH-12分离得到漆酶基因全长cDNA Lacc1(GenBank accession No.DQ431716)及其对应的结构基因Lac1(DQ431715)。该基因属于真菌漆酶基因家族,与来自出发菌T.gallica漆酶基因lacA(AY875867)在成熟肽编码区的同源性最高(一致性为98%)。Lacc1全长1891bp,由40bp的5'-UTR、1554bp的完整ORF和297bp的3'-UTR构成,具有polyA加尾信号AATACA和59bp的polyA结构;其完整ORF可编码21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和496个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白。在Lacc1基因的推导氨基酸序列中有4个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个参与二硫键形成的Cys残基,且含有真菌漆酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型铜离子结合区的4个高度保守序列。结构基因Lac1全长2338bp,含10个内含子和11个外显子,各内含子长度在51bp~76bp之间,且其序列均符合5'-gt…ag-3'规则。     

基于转录组测序对油茶角鲨烯合酶基因的克隆及分析

油茶是中国重要的木本油料树种,而角鲨烯在茶籽油中含量多少是茶油品质的重要指标,为提高油茶角鲨烯含量,以油茶种子转录组测序为基础,根据Unigene设计SQS基因RACE引物,克隆出基因全长共1 490 bp,开放阅读框1 266 bp,编码422个氨基酸,将氨基酸序列与其他植物SQS进行比对,构建进化树,分析物种间进化关系,进行蛋白质的生物信息学分析,包括蛋白质结构特点、理化性质、氨基酸组成及稳定性分析; 跨膜区域分析; 信号肽识别位点; 磷酸化位点; 二级结构及功能; 结构域分析。通过转录组测序和荧光实时定量分析了SQS基因在油茶种子发育各时期表达量变化规律,并提取各时期油脂,测定角鲨烯含量,发现两种基因表达量分析方法的结果有一致的变化趋势,且与各月份间角鲨烯含量有相同的变化规律。证明了转录组测序的有效性,并推测油茶角鲨烯合酶基因的表达量变化与角鲨烯含量的多少有直接关系,为后续从分子手段提高茶籽油中角鲨烯含量提供了理论基础。     

Simultaneous cloning and expression of two cellulase genes from Bacillus subtilis newly isolated from Golden Takin (Budorcas taxicolor Bedfordi)

A bacterial strain with high cellulase activity was isolated of feces sample of Golden Takin (Budorcas taxicolor Bedfordi). The bacterium was classified and designated Bacillus subtilis LN by morphological and 16SrDNA gene sequence analysis. Two putative cellulase genes, CelL15 and CelL73, were simultaneously cloned from the isolated strain by PCR. The putative gene CelL15 consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1470 nucleotides and encoded a protein of 490 amino acids with a molecular weight of 54 kDa. The CelL73 gene consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 741 nucleotides and encoded a protein of 247 amino acids with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. Both genes were purified and cloned into pET-28a for expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The ability of E. coli to degrade cellulose was enhanced when the two recombinants were cultured together.     

Efficacy of karanjin and phorbol ester fraction against termites (Odontotermes obesus)

The non-edible oil seeds of Jatropha curcas (physic nut) and Pongamia pinnata (karanja) contain some toxic components (phorbol esters in J. curcas and karanjin in P. pinnata), which may be used as biopesticides. In this study, the active components of J. curcas and P. pinnata oil were extracted and their efficacy against the termites Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), was tested. The phorbol ester fraction of J. curcas and karanjin of P. pinnata oil were found to be effective against termites. A mortality rate of 100% was achieved in 6 h with karanjin and in 12 h with phorbol ester fraction. The LC₅₀ levels of karanjin and phorbol esters fractions were 0.038 and 0.071 g ml⁻¹, respectively, after 24 h at a 95% (0.05) confidence limit.     

小桐子JcACBP基因克隆和序列分析

以小桐子(Jatropha curcas)cDNA为模板,克隆了酰基辅酶A结合蛋白(Acyl-CoA-binding Protein)基因(JcACBP)的CDS序列,对其序列进行了生物信息学分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,研究了JcACBP基因在小桐子不同器官和果实生长发育阶段的表达模式。结果显示:JcACBP基因完全阅读框(coding sequence,CDS)全长279bp,编码92个氨基酸。预测其编码蛋白质的分子量为10.30kD,具有ACBP家族典型的结构域。JcACBP基因推测氨基酸与油桐(Vernicia fordii,AFZ62125)的亲缘关系最近(96%)。JcACBP基因在小桐子根、茎、叶、花、发育中的胚及果实等组织中都有表达,其中在花后40d的种子中表达最高,其次是果皮,而在根中表达较少;在果实发育过程中的表达与果实油脂积累的变化趋势基本一致。     

Molecular cloning of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) cDNA from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and its potential value in phylogenetic study

The cDNA fragment of ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) was cloned from Ailuropoda melanoleuca using RT-PCR method. The cDNA fragment is composed of 475 bp, containing an open reading frame of 145 amino acids. Alignment analyses indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other known RPL26 sequences from vertebrates and invertebrates. The cDNA sequence was used to construct phylogenetic trees with other known vertebrate and invertebrate RPL26 sequences, and the obtained trees demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, indicating the potential value of RPL26 gene in phylogenetic analysis.     

Phytochemical analysis of Jatropha curcas L. during different seasons and developmental stages and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as affected by extracts/leachates of Jatropha curcas L

Jatropha curcas shows invasive characters and is a significant source of many phytochemicals with varying biological activities. Different plant parts of Jatropha curcas L exhibited variation in their phytochemical constituents. Leaves and ovary walls were found to contain higher contents of total phenols, tannins and phytic acid whereas free amino acids were greater in leaves. Young leaves of Jatropha show greater contents of all these metabolites. Further, plants exhibit seasonal differences as leaves collected during summer (May-June) have greater accumulation of total phenols, tannins and free amino acids however, phytic acid was more during rainy season. Leachates and extracts in their higher concentrations adversely affected the germination and growth of wheat seedlings however, lower concentrations were more or less stimulatory. These treatments not only decreased the length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings but also affected the chlorophyll contents and activity of enzymes such as nitrate reductase, aminotransferases in wheat seedlings however, the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidases increased. Experiments indicate harmful allelopathic effects of Jatropha leachates /extracts on wheat seedlings, hence further experimentation and analysis is recommended before continued plantation of Jatropha particularly on fertile soils. However. Growth of Jatropha plants on saline soils and their potential for accumulating sodium, potassium and chloride are the attributes suggesting the possibility of use of Jatropha plants in improving saline soils.