中国广西晚白垩世一新的巨龙类恐龙

记述了采自广西南宁市郊晚白垩世地层中一巨龙类恐龙新属种:右江清秀龙(Qingxiu- saurus youjiangensis gen.et sp.nov.)。新属种正型标本包括以下不关联的头后骨骼:一段较完整的前部尾椎神经棘、左右胸骨板、左右肱骨。它以以下独特特征组合区别于其他巨龙类:前部尾椎神经棘板状结构不发育、相对较高并呈桨状;胸骨与肱骨最大长之比值较低(约0.65)。广西发现的新属种以及近年来报道的巨龙类恐龙材料表明,亚洲巨龙类恐龙的头后骨骼形态变异度高,白垩纪时期这类恐龙曾在亚洲广为分布。     

贵州关岭海龙类一新属种——双列齿凹棘龙

简要记述了产自贵州关岭小凹组的一具基本完整的骨架,在此基础上建立了海龙类的一个新属种,双列齿凹棘龙(Concavispina biseridens)。新种最明显的鉴定特征是:上颌骨前端有两列钝的牙齿,后部无齿;脊椎神经棘背缘形成V形缺口。凹棘龙与新铺龙(Xinpusaurus)独有的衍征包括上颌骨前段背向弯曲,颈椎数目小于5枚,肱骨近端比远端宽。这些特征指示凹棘龙与新铺龙可能具有较近的亲缘关系。     

异齿龙背帆的奥秘

几十年来,许多人对于象异齿龙之类的某些早期爬行动物的适应方式感到难以解释。异齿龙生活在距今两亿八千万年至两亿二千五百万年以前的二叠纪。它具有脊椎式的长棘,而这些长棘支撑着沿着背部隆起的、薄而褶皱的皮膜,就象船帆一样,所以异齿龙又叫帆龙。英国雷丁大学的两位科学家对异齿龙的“帆”进行了研究,发现这种“帆”是用来调节体温的(见图)。他们认为:在北美得克萨斯州的巨型异齿龙,能够自动地把它的体温由最小的活动量的26℃提升到可能是最大极限的32℃,它使自身朝向东方,以便帆的表面最大限度地面对太阳的光线,上述升温过程仅需80分钟。     

重庆侏罗系杨氏璧山上龙(一淡水蛇颈龙)的再研究(英文)

侏罗纪的蛇颈龙类化石主要发现于欧洲 ,在世界的其他地区则比较少见。亚洲的蛇颈龙化石 ,尤其是侏罗纪的属种大多破碎而难以鉴别 (Sato,1 998)。到目前为止 ,Bishanopliosaurusyoungi(Dong,1 980 )和Yuzhoupliosauruschengjiangensis(Zhang,1 985)是亚洲地区最为完整的侏罗纪蛇颈龙类化石 ,并且化石产自对于蛇颈龙而言比较罕见的淡水沉积 ,因此这些材料对于了解该类群的系统发育、历史动物地理和古生态来说非常重要。本文重新详细描述了采自中国重庆自流井组东岳庙段的杨氏璧山上龙2 ) (董枝明 ,1 980 )。愈合情况不好的椎体和椎弓以及耻骨的边缘形态表明 ,杨氏璧山上龙的正型标本是一个幼年个体的头后骨架。我们的研究表明杨氏璧山上龙主要依分叉的荐肋为特征 ,而这一性状在初次发表时作为颈肋特征被描述。璧山上龙的其他特征包括侧扁的神经棘以及狭窄的乌喙骨和肱骨上有一个突。经过重新修理的标本显示 ,坐骨和耻骨相对的面呈沟槽状 ,这一现象表明它们之间的接触关系要较原来描述的情况复杂 ,是一种依靠软骨的连接 ,而非直接接触。本文对杨氏璧山上龙的腰带部分进行了重新复原。O’Keefe (2 0 0 1 )的支序分析支持将Plesiosauria二分为Plesiosauroidea和Pliosauroidea,后者包含两个科 :Pliosauridae和     

细胞间黏附分子5在树突棘发育和突触可塑性中的研究进展

诸多神经精神性疾病的发生均伴有树突棘发育异常。免疫球蛋白超家族成员细胞间黏附分子5(intercellular adhesion molecule 5,ICAM5)是一个通过抑制树突棘成熟,将其维持在丝状形态的跨膜蛋白,它只表达于端脑兴奋性神经元,可能与树突棘发育、突触可塑性乃至学习记忆密切相关。现综述了ICAM5的发现和特征、分子结构、基因结构、在树突棘发育过程中的作用,以及与脆性X综合征等疾病的关系,试图为阐明发育阶段脑神经元异常树突棘形成的机制提供线索。     

北京地区家禽体内棘口科(Echinostomatidae)几种吸虫的初步研究

寄生于北京地区的家鸭、家鸡与家鹅体内的棘口科(Echinostomatidae Dietz,1909)吸虫共获得12种,隶属于2亚科:1.棘口亚科(Echinostomatinae Odhner,1910)计有2属:(1)棘口属(Echinostoma Rudolphi,1809)有8种,其中2种为国内新纪录与1种未定名种。(2)棘绿属(Echinopharyphium Dietz,1909)有3种,其中1种新种与1种未定名种。2.低颈亚科(Hypoderaeina Skrjabin et Baschkirova,1956)只有1属1种。 卷棘口吸虫与似锥低颈吸虫的感染率最高,感染强度也较大(接睾棘口吸虫最大)。 宿主以家鸭体内的吸虫种类为多,计有11种,家鸡与家鹅体内仅获得2—3种,寄生部位棘口亚科以大肠为主,而低颈亚科以小肠为多。 感染率一般较昆明与福建为低。 文中附有鸭、鸡与鹅三种家禽的棘口吸虫属与棘缘吸虫属的检索表以及名录和分布地区。     

区分霸王龙性别的诀窍

你能从图片中的这具霸王龙化石骨架上看出它是雄性的还是雌性的吗？若按美国南达科他黑山地质研究所的彼得·拉森的说法 ,它是雄性的霸王龙。拉森认为 ,雄龙属椎骨下面向下伸的第一个脉弧要比雌龙的相对要大（约大５０ %）。这是因为雌龙的生殖器———阴茎收缩肌就着生在第一脉弧的骨棘上 ;相反 ,雌龙的第一脉弧长得小些 ,除了没有阴茎收缩肌需要着生外 ,可能还与雌龙要产卵这种生理特征有关 ,第一脉弧的骨棘短小些 ,产卵时就不会受到阻碍。拉森区别霸王龙性别的诀窍是从他的鳄鱼“师父”那里学来的 ,他解剖过一些鳄鱼 ,从而发现了这个小秘…     

贵州发现长颈“背帆龙”

从石炭纪到白垩纪跨度长达３亿年的这段漫长时空 ,地球上出现大大小小近８００种的各种“龙”。其中不少“龙”的背脊上都长有各种“帆状物”。从现有资料来看 ,这些“背帆”龙的颈部似乎都不很长 ,颈椎很少超出２０节。最近在贵州龙动物群中 (贵州关岭 )发现一条有背帆的“龙”。这是一条全长仅６公分的幼体 ,颈椎较长超出２４节。用放大镜可清晰观察到从胸椎到肋外有一排长棘 ,棘条长度都大大超出肋条长度。不仅如此 ,该“龙”可贵之处还在于其内部的许多结构并未因长达２亿多年的漫长化石过程而受到破坏。今将其躯干部分的照片供化石爱好…     

中国恐龙展在香港

中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所同香港市政局合作,在香港九龙的香港博物馆举办“中国恐龙展”,展览已于2月9日正式开幕,为期3个月。这次“中国恐龙展”展出三具体态巨大的恐龙骨架。其中有晚侏罗纪的合川马门溪龙,它身长22米,是目前亚洲发现的最大、最长的恐龙;有山东莱阳发现的晚白垩纪棘鼻青岛龙,它的头骨上额骨和鼻骨变形,向上突起成棒状棘,是一种双足行走的恐龙。骨架长     

受体酪氨酸激酶依赖的信号转导在突触可塑性中的研究

突触可塑性对于脑发育过程中的神经环路重构以及学习记忆等脑的高级功能是非常重要的。许多受体酪氨酸激酶家族成员,包括TrkB、ErbB和Eph在神经连接的建立和重构过程中起到核心作用。比如,突触后EphB依赖的信号会导致树突棘的产生和神经递质受体的聚集,而ephrinA引起的EphA4激活可以导致树突棘的回缩。但是,目前对EphA4依赖的树突棘重组和对神经递质受体的调节背后的机制还知之甚少。本文将集中探讨EphA4及其下游的信号通路在神经肌肉接头和中枢神经的突触中,对神经递质受体的调节功能。     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

新疆一新蜥脚类

本文记述了新疆中侏罗世蜥脚类恐龙的克拉美丽龙新亚科的一新属种——戈壁克拉美丽龙,并对新亚科的建立及其所属地质时代进行了分析讨论。     

A Small Short-Necked Hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of Hubei Province,China

Hupehsuchia is a group of enigmatic Triassic marine reptiles that is known exclusively from two counties in Hubei Province, China. One of the common features of the group was a modestly long neck with nine to ten cervical vertebrae. We report a new species of Hupehsuchia, Eohupehsuchus brevicollis gen. et sp. nov., which for the first time shows a short neck in this group, with six cervicals. The configuration of the skull roof in Eohupehsuchus is also unique among Hupehsuchia, with narrow frontals and posteriorly shifted parietals, warranting recognition of a new species. The taxon superficially resembles Nanchangosaurus in retaining hupehsuchian plesiomorphies, such as low neural spines and small body size. However, its limbs are well-developed, unlike in Nanchangosaurus, although the latter genus is marginally larger in body length. Thus, the individual is unlikely to be immature. Also, Eohupehsuchus shares a suite of synapomorphies with Hupehsuchus, including the second and third layers of dermal ossicles above the dorsal neural spines. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new species is not the most basal hupehsuchian despite its short neck, and instead forms the sister taxon of Hupehsuchidae. Until recently, Hupehsuchia contained only two monotypic genera. Now there are at least four genera among Hupehsuchia, and the undescribed diversity is even higher. The left forelimb of the only specimen is incomplete, ending with broken phalanges distally. The breakage could only have occurred pre-burial. The individual may have been attacked by a predator and escaped, given that scavenging is unlikely.     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

记述了产自四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世峨眉龙属一新种——焦氏峨眉龙(Omeisaurus jiaoisp.nov.)。新种为大型蜥脚类恐龙,以如下特征区别于其他蜥脚类:前、中部背椎为典型的后凹型,后部背椎为双平型,背椎神经棘呈高大棒状,不分叉;尾椎为弱双凹型,第一尾椎不具扇形尾肋;第一脉弧短小且与第一尾椎关联;锁骨长大;肱骨和股骨细长而圆实;肱骨与股骨长度之比为0.83,尺骨与肱骨长度之比为0.72,胫骨与股骨长度之比为0.63。     

四川自贡发现合川马门溪龙新材料

记述了产自四川自贡上侏罗统的一具较完整的蜥脚类恐龙骨架 ,将其归入合川马门溪龙 (Mamenchisaurushochuanensis)中。新材料的发现弥补了合川种正型标本的不足 ,对合川种的特征作了重要补充 ,同时也使我们对马门溪龙的末端尾椎形态有了新的认识。     

GENUS EROTIS MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE) NEW FOR CHINA

Abstract  This paper reports the genus Erotis Meyrick for the first time from China. Two new species Erotis expansa sp. nov. and Erotis punctalosa sp. nov. are described. E. expansa sp. nov. is related to E. phosphora Meyrick both in appearance and in the male genitalia, but can be differentiated from the latter by uncus broader and slightly concave at middle of caudal margin, gnathos nearly as long as uncus and valva with costa almost straight in the male genitalia. E. punctalosa resembles E. expansa sp. nov. externally, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the female genitalia: eighth tergite caudally almost straight; two signa large thorn-like, basal plate irregularly triangular in shape, with fine spines along anterior margin. The photographs of the adults and the genital structures of the new species are provided. A key to all the known species of Erotis is given.     

中国新纪录属——平织蛾属Erotis(鳞翅目:织蛾科)研究(英文)

首次报道了平织蛾属Erotis Meyrick在中国的分布,并描述了2新种:阔平织蛾Erotis expansasp.nov.和点平织蛾Erotis punctalosa sp.nov.。阔平织蛾采自贵州江口,与Erotis phosphoraMeyrick相似,但其雄性外生殖器的爪形突较宽大,后缘中部微凹;颚形突几乎与爪形突等长;抱器背平直。点平织蛾采自广西防城,与阔平织蛾Erotis expansa sp.nov.外形近似,但其雌性第八腹节背板后缘较平直;囊突角状,基部骨化板为不规则三角形,其前缘有微刺。文中给出了该属世界已知种检索表。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

The hemiramphid,Oxyporhamphus, is a flyingfish (exocoetidae)

Osteological and myological studies on the caudal complex of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) plusOxyporhamphus (of Hemiramphidae) revealed the following shared derived conditions: 1) neural spines of preural vertebrae broader than haemal spines; 2) spur present on posterior margin of preural vertebra 2;3) upper hypural plates steeply angled; 4) lower hypural plate extending strongly posteriorly; 5) lower hypural plate deeply surrounded by caudal fin rays; 6) flexor ventralis well developed, arising from neural spines; 7) flexor ventralis externus well developed; 8) adductor dorsalis well developed.Oxyporhamphus and exocoetids also share a lower jaw of adults not elongate and the premaxilla with a straight anterior margin. Therefore,Oxyporhamphus is transferred to the Exocoetidae, with which it shares a total of 10 derived conditions.     

四川自贡肉食龙一新种

和平永川龙(Yongchuanosaurus hepingensis sp. nov.)为四川盆地发现的又一相当完整肉食龙新材料,本文对它进行了记述.     

First record of ponyfishes (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) from the Oligocene of the Grube Unterfeld (“Frauenweiler”) clay pit

The first and presently only record of a ponyfish is described from the Lower Oligocene of the Grube Unterfeld (“Frauenweiler”) clay pit at Rauenberg (S Germany) and compared with other extant and fossil representatives of the Leiognathidae. It differs from all extant (and probably also fossil) members of this family in the coalescence of the ascending and articular processes of the premaxilla and the presence of a straight maxilla with a prominent dorsal crest. It furthermore differs from most extant and probably also fossil Leiognathidae in the combination of the following characters: the presence of multiple-rowed villiform teeth on the oral jaws; the presence of three supraneurals; third and fourth dorsal as well as third anal fin spines that are smooth at their anterior margins; delicate longitudinal surface striations on the neural and haemal spines of the vertebral column as well as on the dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores and on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fin spines; small but not plate-like distal expansions on the dorsal and haemal spines of the fourth preural centrum; the presence of autogenous hypurals; and a squamation that extends anteriorly onto the occipital and otic regions but not onto the cheeks. In terms of its general morphological traits, it resembles Leiognathoides altapinna, a species that has been reported from contemporary localities in Switzerland and Russia, although there are also some deviations that may be indicative of a different species. However, with the available materials, it is difficult to decide whether these differences are of taxonomic significance, so the new record is assigned to the genus Leiognathoides as cf. L. altapinna. The Oligocene specimens from France as well as the Lower Miocene specimens from the Czech Republic clearly belong to different taxa and probably not to the genus Leiognathoides at all. With regard to the palaeoecological and palaeogeographical framework, the new record indicates a tropical to subtropical climate and a waterway connection with the eastern Paratethys.