木材腐朽菌培养特性的研究综述

论述了研究木材腐朽菌培养特性的意义,对自1889年以来有关木材腐朽菌培养特性的研究文献进行了回顾。通过综合分析以往国内外对木材腐朽菌培养特性研究的结果,得出了对木材腐朽菌培养特性研究的总体结论。     

三峡库区珍稀濒危植物荷叶铁线蕨的生物学特性及保护对策

荷叶铁线蕨为三峡库区珍稀濒危植物 ,已被国家列为二级保护植物。本文较系统地综述了荷叶铁线蕨的生物学特性 ,包括其形态特征、生长特性、地理分布、生态学特性和群落学特性 ,分析了荷叶铁线蕨濒危的可能原因 ,并提出了保护措施     

珍稀濒危植物独叶草的生物学特性及保护对策

对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物独叶草的生物学特性,包括其形态特征、生长特性、生境特点、群落学特性和地理分布进行了较系统的综述,分析了独叶草濒危的可能原因,并提出了一些保护措施.     

微藻培养过程的光特性研究进展

微藻培养过程中光的吸收、衰减以及光暗循环等特性是影响微藻的生长速度及其产量的重要因素。本文分析了微藻的光吸收过程、光在微藻培养液中的衰减特性以及微藻培养过程中的光暗循环特性,重点综述了国内外各类光生物反应器中光特性的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望,为微藻培养光生物反应器的设计提供参考依据。     

猫外膝体神经元非寻常的方位调谐特性——Ⅰ、在正常猫的研究

在九只成年猫上用玻璃电极记录了单个外膝体神经元对不同方位的移动正弦光栅刺激的反应共详细测定了４００个细胞的方位调谐特性。少数外膝体神经元具有非寻常的方位调谐特性,包括：具蝴蝶状调谐曲线的方位调谐特性;双调谐的方位调谐特性和最优方位随刺激光栅空间频率的改变而变化的方位调谐特性。这些细胞非寻常的方位调谐特性往往伴随着非寻常的空间频率调谐特性。空们的方位调谐特性和空间频率调谐特性都不能用Ｓｏｏｄａｋ等提     

太子参生物学特性的研究

报道了江苏地道药材太子参Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm的生物学特性,包括形态特征、主要分布区和主产区、生态特性、种子萌发特性、生长发育特性等,为进行太子参的规范化栽培提供科学依据。     

电磁场曝露对生物组织电磁特性的影响

电磁辐射严重影响着人体的健康.电磁场生物效应的发生机制与电磁场本身的特性相关,同时也与生物组织在电磁场作用下电磁特性的改变密切相关.生物体内的信号分子、自由基以及磁颗粒等处于外加电磁场中时其电磁特性会发生变化,尤其是不同频率电磁场曝露作用下生物组织的导电、介电以及磁学等特性会有非常显著的区别.明确不同频率电磁场作用下生物组织电磁特性的变化规律是研究电磁场生物效应发生机制以及预防问题的关键.综述了近年来电磁场对于生物组织电磁特性影响的研究成果,并对未来的研究方向做了展望.     

珍稀濒危植物翅果油树的生物学特性及其保护

翅果油树为我国特有植物,已被列为国家二级重点保护树种。本文较系统地综述了翅果油树的生物学特性,包括其外部形态、内部结构、染色体核型、生长特性、地理分布、生态学和群落学特性、根瘤固氮活性及化学成分等。文章还分析了翅果油树濒危的可能原因并提出了保护措施。     

寄生于柳属植物的Uncinula adunca的生物学特性(英文)

介绍了柳树白粉病病原菌Uncinula adunca的生物学特性,揭示了西伯利亚地区该菌在症状、无性型阶段及有性型阶段形成等方面的不同,同时还指出了该病原菌子实体的一些生物学特性。     

基于光敏蛋白的猫视皮层细胞双眼汇聚功能的模拟

已知光敏蛋白菌紫质ＬＢ膜具有类似于视觉系统感受野的对光微分响应。利用这个特性,本文组装了一对人工视皮层条型简单细胞感受野,并测定了其朝向选择特性及ＯＮ－区闪光融合频率响应特性。在此基础上,用这一对人工感受野组成了猫视皮层细胞双眼汇聚功能模拟系统,并模拟了猫视皮层细胞双眼汇聚功能。     

Chlorotetracycline Induced Fluorescence of Antherozoids in Ferns

A quick method based on chlorotetracycline induced fluorescence of the antherozoids is described. This method was found suitable for studying the number and duration of motility of antherozoids in toxicity studies where male fertility is a significant character.     

HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶胞内荧光检测方法的建立

目的:建立丙型肝炎病毒NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶胞内荧光检测方法。方法:利用EGFP分子内合适位点可以插入一定长度外源片段而不影响荧光性能的特性,构建EGFP分子内插入NS3/4A蛋白酶识别序列NS5AB的EGFP-5AB重组分子。将EGFP-5AB与NS3/4A蛋白酶共表达,若短肽链被切断,则EGFP的两个部分解离,荧光消失,从而可以监测HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶的存在。通过将NS5AB插入三种不同位点,寻找最合适的插入位点;将EGFP-5AB转染进入不同宿主细胞,验证其在不同细胞的表达情况并选择最佳宿主细胞。结果:确定EGFP 173-174氨基酸位点是合适的插入位点;确定CHO-K1为理想的荧光检测系统宿主细胞;在构建的细胞模型中,能够检测到EGFP被切割后的条带,但检测不到荧光信号,说明EGFP-5AB蛋白被有效切割,该方法可以检测到NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的存在。结论:成功构建了一种在哺乳动物细胞中检测NS3/4A蛋白酶切割活性的荧光检测方法。     

双光子激发荧光各向异性度的成像

荧光各向异性度 (fluorescence anisotropy) 测量可以获得荧光分子的转动速度信息,进而了解分子质量、结构、以及与周边环境的相互作用情况 . 围绕一台双光子激发扫描荧光成像系统,通过改变外光路和图像记录与处理程序,从而实现了双光子激发荧光各向异性度成像,并针对一些典型样品和体系,展示了该方法的应用 . 实验中观察了 FITC 荧光分子、 FITC 结合的 CD44 抗体分子及与肿瘤细胞表面受体结合的 FITC-CD44 抗体分子 . 测量结果表明,不同分子质量、不同微观环境状态下的荧光分子,其各向异性度大小不同,在各向异性度图中能够被明显区分 . 荧光各向异性度成像能够定量测量样品微区的各向异性度值,并以二维图像的形式直观表达,是各向异性度测量与成像技术的良好结合 .     

荧光探针在光动力疗法亚细胞损伤位点研究中的应用

目的：应用荧光探针在光动力疗法研究中检测亚细胞损伤位点。方法：传代培养鼠肺毛细血管内皮细胞,将血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)与内皮细胞共同孵育24小时后,加入线粒体探针Bhodamine-123、内质网探针DioC6(3)和溶酶体探针Lucifer yellow分别对细胞器染色。首先采用激光共聚焦显微镜对光敏剂进行亚细胞定位。应用荧光显微镜汞灯照射激发光敏剂的光动力效应,加入ROS探针H2DCF-DA检测产生的单线态氧。分别在激发前后采集Pdloclamine-123、Lucifer yellow和DioC6(3)的荧光图像。结果：线粒体探针Phodamine-123的荧光图像在光动力损伤前后差异显著,原有形态特点发生明显改变;Phodamine-123在光动力损伤后再分布于细胞核区。结论：血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力效应导致亚细胞水平多位点损伤,线粒体和核膜可能是PDT敏感位点;荧光探针标记检测光动力损伤亚细胞位点方法简便可靠。     

Fluorescence microscopy

Although fluorescence microscopy permeates all of cell and molecular biology, most biologists have little experience with the underlying photophysical phenomena. Understanding the principles underlying fluorescence microscopy is useful when attempting to solve imaging problems. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy is in a state of rapid evolution, with new techniques, probes and equipment appearing almost daily. Familiarity with fluorescence is a prerequisite for taking advantage of many of these developments. This review attempts to provide a framework for understanding excitation of and emission by fluorophores, the way fluorescence microscopes work, and some of the ways fluorescence can be optimized.     

The Early Stages of Photosystem II Assembly Monitored by Measurements of Fluorescence Lifetime, Fluorescence Induction and Isoelectric Focusing of Chlorophyll-Proteins in Barley Etiochloroplasts

The relationship between functional and structural aspects ofPSII formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves hasbeen investigated using fluorescence lifetime measurements,fluorescence kinetics analysis and analysis of chlorophyll-proteincomplexes by IEF-PAGE. Two phases of different character couldbe distinguished in the course of the greening process in dark-grownplants. An early phase covering the first 3–4 h afterthe onset of illumination and a late phase covering the subsequentgreening. During the first phase the formation of PSII reactioncenters and their minor antenna components was observed as manifestedby the IEF-PAGE polypeptide pattern. This was accompanied byshortening of the slow and middle components of the fluorescencelifetime, as well as by the rapid drop in the amplitude of theslow component. A room temperature emission band at 676 nm wasassociated with uncoupled chlorophyll and with the slow fluorescencelifetime component during the first hours of greening. Duringthe late greening phase peripheral light-harvesting complexesof PSII were formed concomitantly to an increase in lifetimeand amplitude of the fast component and to a further decreasein the lifetime of the middle component. The gradual increasein PSII complexity during both phases of greening was also manifestedby changes in proportion and kinetic properties of PSII     

Fluorescence analysis study of the lability of biomembranes and their components. III. Kinetics of complex formation between bovine serum albumin molecules and higher saturated fatty acids]

Kinetic peculiarities of the sorption of natural limited fatty acids on the molecules of bovine serum albumine (BSA) were studied by investigating fluorescent parameters of ionic (1-anilinonaphtalin-8-sulphonate-ANS) and neutral (N-phenyl-1-naphtylamine-PNA) probes. The following regularities were found: 1. The parameters which characterize the microsurroundings of both probes (quantum yield of fluorescence, the binding constant) did not change significantly during the sorption of the fattyn acids (laurinic, palmitinic and methyl ether of the stearinic acid). An exponential character of BSA fluorescent titration with fatty acids points to a competitive character of the relationship dye -- fatty acid for the binding sites in hydrophobic sacks of BSA. 2. The study of the character of the effect of solution ionic strength on the sorption of fatty acids showed that along with hydrophobic interactions the electrostatic interaction between carboxyl residues of fatty acids and charged protein groups also significantly contributed to this process. 3. Temperature relationship of AMS and PNA fluorescence intensity in the complex BSA -- laurinic acid correlates well with temperature relationship obtained from a pure protein system.     

Fluorescence crossmatch testing

This paper is a short evaluation of the crossmatch testing performed with the fluorescence cytotoxic test to detect HLA compatibility of the platelet concentrates administered. From a total of 1,500 reactions between HLA incompatible donors and recipients mutual agreement was achieved in 96% of the reactions. HLA compatibility between donors and recipients was achieved in 97.31%. Advantages of the fluorescence method were stressed out.     

Fluorescence lifetime-resolved imaging

This is a short account of fluorescence lifetime-resolved imaging, in order to acquaint readers who are not experts with the basic methods for measuring lifetime-resolved signals throughout an image. We present the early FLI (fluorescence lifetime imaging) history, review shortly the instrumentation and experimental design, discuss briefly the fundamentals of the measured fluorescence response, and introduce the basic measurement methodologies. We also emphasize the complex nature of the fluorescence response in FLI signals, and introduce certain analysis methods that are appropriate and informative for complex fluorescence decays. The advantages of model independent analyses are discussed and examples given.     

Fluorescence fingerprints of oral bacteria

The rapid detection and identification of microorganisms is one of the most important factors in many cases of ill health. The purpose of this study was to determine the fluorescence characteristics of seven oral bacteria using emission spectra with the aim of distinguishing between the bacteria, and to compare fluorescence imaging methods for the direct assessment of oral bacteria. Fluorescence images of each bacterium were obtained under a 405‐nm light source using a two‐filter system. The emissions of all samples were measured with a fluorescence spectrometer. The complete fluorescence data set collected for each sample employed a three‐dimensional data cube. The differences in the autofluorescence characteristics of the seven oral bacteria were determined by principal components analysis (PCA). The fluorescence images of the oral bacteria varied with the genus and the filter system. The three‐dimensional excitation‐emission matrix fluorescence spectra exhibited distinctive fluorescence features associated with intracellular fluorophores. The seven bacteria could be clearly differentiated on the PCA score plot. The findings of this study indicate that oral bacteria can be identified based on their autofluorescence characteristics. Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PCA can be used to detect and classify oral bacteria.