苦丁茶化学成分的研究

从苦丁茶叶中分离鉴定出四种成份,其中之一经鉴定为一新五环三萜内酯,暂命名为苦丁茶甙元(kudinchagenin);其他三种成份分别鉴定为α-香树脂、β-谷甾醇和鸟苏酸。     

药用植物苦丁茶与近缘种的微形态研究——叶表皮特征的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电镜下对药用植物苦丁茶 (Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng)与 4个近缘种的叶表皮微形态进行了观察。结果显示这些材料的叶表皮仅远轴面有气孔器存在 ,气孔圆形至椭圆形 ,气孔外拱盖表面多平滑 ,拱盖内缘近平滑 ,浅波状或波状 ,外缘角质膜在气孔周围呈环形包着气孔。但各种间叶表皮的微形态特征具有较为明显的差异 ,有一定的分类鉴定意义。本研究结果支持将五棱苦丁茶 (I.pentagona S.K.Chen,Y.X.Feng et C.F.L iang)从苦丁茶中独立出来建立一新种 ,但因苦丁茶具有 2种类型气孔器外缘角质膜排列 ,而不支持对扣树 (I.kaushue S.Y.Hu)与苦丁茶的合并     

苦丁茶与近缘种的果皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

在扫描电镜下对药用植物苦丁茶(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng)与4 个近缘种的果皮微形态进行了观察。结果显示这些材料的果皮上均有气孔器存在, 气孔圆形至椭圆形, 气孔外拱盖表面近平滑或有蜡质碎片, 拱盖内缘近平滑稀浅波状, 外缘角质膜在气孔周围呈环形包着气孔。但各种间果皮的微形态特征具有较为明显的差异, 有一定的分类鉴定意义。本研究结果表明扣树(I.kaushue S.Y.Hu)的果实有指状毛附属物, 不支持与苦丁茶的合并。五棱苦丁茶(I.pentagona S.K.Chen, Y.X.Feng et C.F.Liang)的果皮特征与苦丁茶较近, 但有明显差异, 支持将其从苦丁茶中独立出来建立一新种。     

苦丁茶冬青叶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

苦丁茶冬青叶(苦丁茶)是民间常用中草药,主要用于治疗头痛、齿痛、目赤、热病烦渴、痢疾等症。本文就近年来国内外对苦丁茶冬青叶的化学成分及药理作用的研究进展作一综述。     

冬青科黔灵山冬青的增补

通过对文献的研究,指出《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》中存在黔灵山冬青资料不完善的问题。结合实地跟踪考察及形态解剖,描述了黔灵山冬青雄、雌花,并绘制了形态图。雄花:二歧聚伞花序,单生于当年生枝条叶腋内,3～7朵,淡紫色;雌花:假二歧聚伞花序,单生于当年生枝条叶腋内,1～3朵,淡紫色或白色。完善了黔灵山冬青的分类学资料。     

The health hazards of unemployment and poor education: the socioeconomic determinants of health duration in the European Union.

The effect of socioeconomic status on the likelihood that an individual enters a period of poor health is examined using an Accelerated Failure Time methodology. This study employs data from the European Community Household Panel for the years 1994-2002 across 13 European countries, using the Physical and Mental Health Problems, Illnesses and Disabilities measure of physical health. Some socioeconomic status indicators do impact on the length of time an individual remains in good health - these being unemployment, which has a negative effect, and education, which has a positive effect - but others, such as income, have far less of an impact. Age and gender effects are also found.     

Childhood overweight in the United States: A quantile regression approach

The prevalence of overweight children in the United States has increased dramatically over the past two decades, and is creating well-known public health problems. Moreover, there is also evidence that children who are not overweight are becoming heavier. We use quantile regression models along with standard ordinary least squares (OLS) models to explore the correlates of childhood weight status and overweight as measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI). This approach allows the effects of covariates to vary depending on where in the BMI distribution a child is located. Our results indicate that OLS masks some of the important correlates of child BMI at the upper and lower tails of the weight distribution. For example, mother's education has no effect on black children, but is associated with improvements in BMI for overweight white boys and underweight white girls. Conversely, mother's cognitive aptitude has no effect on white boys, but is associated with BMI improvements for underweight black children and overweight white girls. Further, we find that underweight white children and black girls experience similar improvements in BMI as they get older, but that for black boys there is little if any association between age and BMI anywhere in the BMI distribution.     

The allometry of metabolism and stature: Worker fatigue and height in the Tanzanian labor market

If the positive wage–height correlation is at least partially biological in origin, one plausible pathway is the effect of stature on energy expenditure in individuals. If metabolism scales proportionately with stature, then relative to short individuals, taller individuals can produce more energy for a given work task. This also suggests that end-of-the-workday fatigue, or lack of energy, varies inversely with stature. We test this hypothesis with data from the 2004 Tanzanian Household Worker Survey in which workers report the extent of their fatigue at the end-of-the-workday. Ordinal latent variable parameter estimates reveal that relative to short workers, taller workers are less likely to report being tired at the end-of-the-workday. This suggests that the positive wage–height relationship also has a biological foundation whereby the energy requirements and metabolic costs associated with work effort/tasks are inversely related to stature.     

陕西胡椒科一新记录属--胡椒属

报道了陕西省胡椒科一新记录属——胡椒属(Piper Linn．)及一新记录种——竹叶胡椒(P．bambusifolium Y．C．Tseng)。     

兰科一新属和新亚族——丫瓣兰属和丫瓣兰亚族

基于丫瓣兰Ypsilorchis fissipetala (Finet)Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chen(基名为裂瓣羊耳蒜Liparis fissipetala Finet)建立了兰科新属--丫瓣兰属Ypsilorchis Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen&.J.Chen.新属与羊耳蒜属Liparis的区别点为:新属有两个粉蜡质花粉团:每个花粉团具1个多少有弹性的花粉团柄;花瓣二深裂;叶具强烈波状的边缘,其先端有一个长达1 mm的芒尖.这些特征表明了其与羊耳蒜亚族Liparidinae有明显的差别,为此,建立了一个新的亚族--丫瓣兰亚族Ypsilorchidinae Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chert.     

八角属(八角科)三种植物之小记

根据对腊叶标本的研究,将少药八角Illicium oligandrum Merrill & Chun、I. parvifolium Merrill subsp. oligandrum(Merrill & Chun)Q. Lin作为小叶八角I. parvifolium Merrill的新异名,将苏门答腊八角I. sumatranum A. C. Smith作为里德利八角I. ridleyanum A. C. Smith的新异名,发现厚皮香八角I. ternstroemioides A. C. Smith在越南的新记录。     

Ypsilorchis and Ypsilorchidinae,a new genus and a new subtribe of Orchidaceae

A new orchid genus, Ypsilorchis Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen, is established based on Ypsilor-chis fissipetala (Finet) Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen (basionym: Liparis fissipetala Finet). The new genus differs from Liparis and its allies by having two granular-waxy pollinia each with a somewhat elastic caudicle, deeply bilobed petals and strongly crisped-margined leaves with an apical awn to 1 mm long. These features are an indication of its distant relation to the members of the subtribe Liparidinae, and thus a new subtribe, Ypsilor-chidinae Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen, is proposed.     

Decomposing body mass index gaps between Mediterranean countries: A counterfactual quantile regression analysis

Wide cross-country variation in obesity rates has been reported between European Union member states. Although the existing cross-country differences have not been analyzed in depth, they contain important information on health production determinants. In this paper we apply a methodology for conducting standardized cross-country comparisons of body mass index (BMI). We draw on estimations of the marginal density function of BMI for Italy and Spain in 2003, two countries with similar GDP and socio-economic conditions. We produce different counterfactual distribution estimates using covariates (health production inputs) specified in a quantile regression. Our findings suggest that Spain-to-Italy BMI gaps among females are largely explained by cross-country variation in the returns to each covariate, especially for younger women. We find that adverse underlying determinants do not explain the gap observed in particular between younger Spanish females and their Italian counterfactuals; behavioural differences appear to be the key. We tentatively conclude that Spanish policy on obesity should target mainly younger females.     

Perceived Racial Discrimination in the Workplace and Body Weight among the Unemployed

This study investigates the association between body weight and the likelihood that people perceive that they have been the victims of racial discrimination in the workplace among the unemployed. I find that unemployed obese men and women are 8.4 percentage points and 7.7 percentage points, respectively, more likely to have experienced racial discrimination before becoming unemployed than their non-obese counterparts. For unemployed men, the relationship between body weight and perceived racial discrimination does not seem to be associated with race. For unemployed women, being black and obese significantly increases the likelihood of perceiving racial discrimination.     

Obesity and labour market success in Finland: The difference between having a high BMI and being fat

This paper examines the relationship between obesity and labour market success in Finland, using various indicators of individual body composition along with body mass index (BMI). Weight, height, fat mass and waist circumference are measured by health professionals. We find that only waist circumference has a negative association with wages for women, whereas no obesity measure is significant in the linear wage models for men. However, all measures of obesity are negatively associated with women's employment probability and fat mass is negatively associated with men's employment probability. We also find that the use of categories for waist circumference and fat mass has a substantial influence on the results. For example, the category for high fat mass is associated with roughly 5.5% lower wages for men. All in all, the results indicate that in the absence of measures of body composition, there is a risk that labour market penalties associated with obesity are measured with bias.     

Differences in nutritional outcomes between Brazilian white and black children

This paper analyzes whether differences in nutritional outcomes between white and black children are related to disparities in socioeconomic status and how improvements in nutritional indicators for each racial group over time are associated with changes in household income, parent's education and other socioeconomic attributes. According to the results, the gap in anthropometric measures would be substantially reduced if black and white children had similar characteristics. Evidence also shows that better economic and social attributes explain only a small part of the large improvement in nutritional measures verified between 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 for both racial groups.