中国石灰岩专性凤仙花叶表皮特征及其分类学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对中国产的8种凤仙花科植物叶表皮微形态特征进行了实验研究,其中6种产于石灰岩地区,另外2种作为对照.结果表明,中国石灰岩地区的6种凤仙花的叶表皮微形态上、下表皮差异明显,上表皮细胞为不规则形和多边形,一般不具气孔器;下表皮细胞均为不规则形,均具气孔器,气孔器多为不等型.上、下表皮细胞形状、垂...     

凤仙花近缘种间核型分析与叶表皮微形态研究

为探究凤仙花近缘种植物的细胞学和微形态学方面的亲缘关系,该文选取荔波凤仙花(Impatiens liboensis)及近缘种赤水凤仙花(I.chishuiensis)和管茎凤仙花(I.tubulosa)的根尖和叶表皮为实验材料,采用体细胞染色体常规压片法和叶表皮光学显微镜观察法对凤仙花近缘种植物进行染色体及叶表皮特征研...     

凤仙花属总状花序组的花粉形态及其分类学意义

总状花序组隶属于凤仙花亚属凤仙花属,以具多花的总状花序、侧生萼片2枚、子房5室、果实为线状圆柱形、种子多数、迈卵形、种皮表面具指状突起等特征区别于该亚属的其他类群。前人对凤仙花花粉形态的研究表明凤仙花属的花粉形态对于属下分类及种间界定具有重要的分类学价值。而对于总状花序组来说,有关花粉形态方面的研究少有报道,为了进一步探讨该组花粉S的形态特征及其分类学意义,该研究应用扫描电镜技术对总状花序组的21种植物的花粉进行了观察。结果表明:总状花序组植物的花粉粒均具4条萌发沟,两侧对称,极面观为矩圆形、长矩圆形或近方形;长赤道面观多为椭圆形至矩圆形,短赤道面观为椭圆形;长、短赤道轴比值多在1.4~2.4范围内;表面具网状纹饰,网眼在花粉粒表面均匀分布或赤道面的网眼较极面观的小,网脊边缘光滑或具波状突起,网眼内具不同密度的颗粒状突起。该组的花粉形态与宏观形态性状相关性较小,但花粉极面观形状、长短赤道轴的比值、网眼的分布、网脊边缘形状、网眼内颗粒物密度等特征具有种水平上的稳定性和特异性,对该组植物种间界定具有重要的意义。     

十四种凤仙花属植物种皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

通过扫描电镜对凤仙花属(Impatiens)14种植物的种子表皮微形态特征进行了观察。根据种皮表面纹饰及衍生物的特点,将该属植物的种皮微形态特征划分为4种类型,即光滑型、颗粒型、网状型和隆起型,后两者又可细分为若干亚型,其中负网状亚型和网状-丘状隆起亚型为首次报导。研究表明,14种凤仙花属植物种子表皮微形态特征差异显著,它们作为属内种的分类鉴别特征具有重要价值;种子表皮的微形态学特征与其植物体的部分表型特征具有相关性,在一定程度上反映了属内类群的分化。     

中国特有属藤山柳属(猕猴桃科)植物的叶表皮形态及其分类学意义

由于形态特征变异和地理分布区域存在重叠,中国特有属藤山柳属(猕猴桃科)的物种划分问题长期以来存在争议,曾被分为20种或修订为含1种4个亚种的单型属。该研究选取了在形态和地理分布上有代表性的29个居群的184份标本,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了叶表皮形态和微形态特征,以探讨它们的分类学意义。结果表明:(1)藤山柳属植物叶表皮毛被的形态和微形态特征有3类,即光滑-短柱状毛、刚毛-长柱状毛/长刺毛、绒毛-单列多细胞毛,且这些特征在居群间差异明显,并各具明显的地理分布格局,支持把藤山柳属分为3类,即光滑类、刚毛类和绒毛类。(2)3类藤山柳植物在个别居群表现出部分同域分布现象,在峨眉山不同海拔高度的3个居群存在垂直地带性分布特点。(3)藤山柳属植物叶表皮的其他形态特征,如不规则型表皮细胞、6类气孔器、叶表皮初级蜡质纹饰以网状隆起为主,伴随着2～4类次级纹饰,在居群间变化多样等均没有明显的分类学意义。(4)由于具有相同的叶表皮形态特征和地理分布,建议把繁花藤山柳合并到绒毛藤山柳,故支持藤山柳属是1个正处于分化进程中的单型属,包括1个种3个亚种。     

海南凤仙花与龙州凤仙花花的形态补充描述

凤仙花属植物的花部形态历来是该属的属下划分及种间界定的关键性状,基于大量的有花标本及野外实地调查,并参照了模式标本对海南凤仙花和龙州凤仙花的花部形态进行了补充描述。     

中国五种仙茅科植物叶形态及其分类学意义

为澄清仙茅科属间界限不清的分类学问题,该文以中国仙茅科3属5种植物为研究对象,利用显微镜、扫描电镜和石蜡切片技术,观察了其叶形态、叶表皮显微特征和叶解剖特征。结果表明:(1)叶形态有小型平整叶、中型波状叶、大型折扇状叶三种。(2)叶表皮毛状体结构为单细胞单列,可分为长柔毛、糙伏毛和星状柔毛三类。(3)叶表皮细胞有六边形和五边形,气孔为平列型和椭圆形,气孔大小和气扎密度呈反比。(4)叶表皮蜡质纹饰有光滑、颗粒、屑状和壳状四类。(5)叶中脉横切面分为平整型和龙骨型,维管束有圆形和椭圆形,叶表皮厚度与表皮细胞具有正相关性。对5种植物的叶形态和叶解剖特征比较分析认为,一些特征组合有助于理解仙茅科属间的亲缘关系和物种鉴定,支持大叶仙茅属独立于仙茅属。     

变豆菜属11种植物的叶表皮微形态特征研究

为探讨叶表皮微形态特征在变豆菜属植物中的系统及分类学意义,我们利用扫描电镜对变豆菜属11个种(13个居群)的叶表皮微形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,11种变豆菜属植物叶表皮微形态特征较稳定,上表皮细胞轮廓大多不清晰,初级蜡质纹饰均存在条状纹饰,表皮上均粘附着颗粒物;下表皮均存在气孔,气孔周围存在均匀分布的纹饰,气孔外拱盖表面大多有颗粒状纹饰,并且其二级纹饰类型、气孔周围纹饰、气孔外拱盖内缘纹饰等叶表皮微形态特征上存在一定差异。上述研究结果可为探讨变豆菜属类群界定及种间关系提供重要依据。     

凤仙花属棒凤仙亚属(凤仙花科)植物花粉形态的分类学意义

棒凤仙亚属代表着凤仙花属最先分化出的一支,以多年生草本,多于5朵花的总状花序,侧生萼片4枚,3沟花粉,心皮四室且每室具1枚种子,果实棒锤状,种子椭圆形以及三沟花粉其极面观为三角形而区别于其它种类。该亚属主要分布于中国南部,少数种类辐射分布至华中和中南半岛地区。已有报道证实花粉的形态特征对凤仙花属植物的属下分类具有重要意义,但对棒凤仙亚属的种类少有涉及。为了进一步探讨该亚属花粉的形态特征及其分类学价值,该研究应用扫描电镜技术对国产棒凤仙亚属植物的14种以及凤仙花亚属的窄萼凤仙花的花粉进行了观察。结果表明：棒凤仙亚属的花粉以单粒存在,具3条萌发沟,辐射对称,极面观为三角形或三角状圆形,花粉粒外壁具均匀的网状纹饰,网脊平滑或具波状边缘,网眼中具不同密度的颗粒状突起。棒凤仙亚属的花粉形态与水角属的花粉形态相似,表现出了其原始性;其花粉形态特征与花部形态性状等相关性差,对该亚属的组级分类意义较小,但对于该亚属的种间界定具有重要意义;而其花粉的极面观形状、赤道面观形状以及网状纹饰等变异相对稳定,对于界定该亚属具有重要的分类学价值。     

中国看麦娘属植物叶表皮微形态研究

看麦娘属是禾本科早熟禾亚科的重要类群,中国分布有8种。该研究采用光学显微镜和电子扫描电镜,对中国看麦娘属7种植物的叶下表皮(含叶鞘下表皮)微形态特征进行观察并探讨其分类学意义。结果表明：(1)看麦娘属叶鞘下表皮长细胞的形状呈长筒状或短筒状,深波状弯曲的细胞壁,脉间短细胞密布,单生或对生,形状多为新月形或椭圆形,脉区硅细胞为椭圆形,平行形或低圆屋顶形的气孔器,看麦娘属叶鞘下表皮特征高度一致,分类价值不大。(2)看麦娘属植物叶下表皮和叶鞘下表皮的显微结构存在很大不同,看麦娘属植物叶下表皮长细胞多为长筒状或短筒状或长菱形,平周壁平直或不明显弯曲,脉间区短细胞分布或无,脉区刺毛密布,脉间区有或无刺细胞的分布,平行形的气孔器,脉区分布的硅细胞多为长方形边缘呈波状弯曲。看麦娘属植物叶下表皮的不同主要体现在脉间区长细胞的形状及平周壁的弯曲与否,脉间区短细胞出现或无,脉间区刺细胞的分布数量以及气孔器的列数。7种植物的叶表皮微形态的分类检索表据此列出。依据叶表皮微形态划分的组与根据外部特征划分的组并不完全一致。但是,由于该文仅研究了7种,叶表皮微形态对于看麦娘属的分类意义还需要更深入的研究。     

Impatiens pterocaulis sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) from Guangxi,China

Impatiens pterocaulis S. X. Yu et L. R. Zhang, a new species of the Balsaminaceae from Yancha, Longlin, Guangxi Region, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to I. wilsonii in having nearly white flowers, 4 lateral sepals and a racememos inflorescence, but differs by having winged stems, very short‐spurred lower sepal, yellowish flowers and an acuminate dorsal petal apex. Pollen characters and leaf epidermal micro‐characters of these two species were studied, and the results support that the two species should be kept separate.     

重庆凤仙花科植物1新记录种——太子凤仙花

该文报道重庆市1新记录种——太子凤仙花(Impatiens alpicola Y.L.Chen et Y.Q.Lu),并描述该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布,凭证标本存放于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。另编制了重庆市分布凤仙花属植物分种检索表。     

Epidermal micromorphology in Dioon: did volcanism constrain Dioon evolution?

The genus Dioon occupies an important phylogenetic position as sister to the other Zamiaceae. However, its epidermal morphology is still poorly known. We employed scanning and transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and light microscopy to examine the epidermal and cuticular morphology of 12 of the 14 currently recognized species of Dioon, examining cultivated plants and herbarium specimens. Epidermal characters separate Dioon quite clearly from the other genera of the cycads. Within the genus, the major subgroups can be distinguished by their epidermal morphology. Some characters, such as the degree of stomatal protection, reflect ecological specializations in species within the subgroups. Several epidermal characters of the crown group Dioon seem to be absent in the Cenozoic fossils usually associated with the genus, which have been used as calibrations in many recent molecular dating analyses. The presence of similar characters in a Mesozoic fossil adapted to volcanic stress offers a new key in the interpretation of Dioon evolution. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179 , 236–254.     

国产柿属(Diospyros)的叶表皮形态研究及其分类学意义

为了解柿属(Diospyros)植物的叶表皮特征,在光学显微镜下观察了46种2变种植物的叶表皮微形态特征,并进行了主成分分析。结果表明,柿属植物的叶表皮微形态可分为2组：A组的表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁浅波状或深波状;B组的表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直或弓形。气孔全部位于下表皮,以无规则型为主,但同时有辐射型、环列型和十字型气孔存在。大多数种具有表皮毛,表皮毛有非腺毛和头状腺毛的区别。柿属植物的叶表皮微形态特征类型多样,能够为部分类群的分类提供较好的形态学证据。     

Trisporangiate anthers found in the genusImpatiens (Balsaminaceae)

Trisporangiate anthers were found in four Indian species ofImpatiens (Balsaminaceae),I. barberi, I. clavicornu, I. modesta andI. stocksii, belonging to subgen.Acaulimpatiens. This seems to be the first case of flowering plants characterized by normally formed trisporangiate anthers known to science.     

新疆14种青兰属植物叶表皮微形态结构研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对新疆14种青兰属(DracocephalumL.)植物叶片的微形态特征进行观察,结果表明:该属植物只有宽齿青兰(Dracocephalum paulsenii Briq.)叶的下表皮细胞为多边形,其余种植物叶的上、下表皮均为不规则形;垂周壁式样有深波状、波状、浅波状、平直-弓形;气孔器均为横列型;气孔形状有椭圆形、长椭圆形、宽椭圆形、近圆形;表皮毛的类型为小刺毛、短柔毛、长柔毛、头状腺毛和盾状腺毛。在不同种间甚至是同种植物叶的上、下表皮上,气孔器的大小、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔外拱盖内缘、表皮毛、角质层纹饰等的微形态特征都存在很大的差异,可为探讨本属种间的分类、亲缘关系和演化趋势提供理论依据。     

Phylogeny of Schisandraceae based on morphological data: evidence from modern plants and the fossil record

Schisandraceae are traditionally subdivided in two genera, Schisandra and Kadsura, based on differences in the organisation of the floral receptacle, the carpels, and the presence or absence of a ``pseudostigma'. Recently, phylogenetic analyses utilizing ITS sequence data and morphological data resulted in incongruent tree topologies, with the morphological trees suggesting monophyly of the two genera, whereas ITS trees did not resolve Schisandra and Kadsura as monophyletic clades. In the present paper we study seed morphology and leaf epidermal features of 22 species of Schisandraceae in order to provide additional data for a morphological data matrix. Seed morphological characters are highly homoplastic and do not yield further evidence for monophyly of the two genera. Instead, a number of characters appear to support sister group relationships between taxa within the genera, such as, for instance, for K. coccinea and K. scandens, both of which have large seeds along with a multi-layered mesotesta. Considering leaf epidermal characteristics, species of Kadsura were found to be consistently amphistomatic, whereas species of Schisandra are always hypostomatic. Phylogenetic analysis using the extended data matrix resulted in weakly supported Kadsura and Schisandra clades with five and four synapomorphies indicating monophyly of Kadsura and Schisandra, respectively. Fossils ascribed to Schisandraceae date back to the Late Cretaceous. These are tri-and hexacolpate pollen types displaying a combination of features found in modern Schisandraceae and partly also in Illiciaceae. Leaf remains from this period are poorly preserved and difficult to ascribe to Schisandraceae because of the lack of synapomorphies for the family. In the Early Cainozoic, leaf and seed remains from North America and Europe unambiguously belong to the family. Seeds from the Eocene of North America show some similarities to the modern Schisandra glabra from North America, while fossils from Europe show more similarities to modern Asian species.     

七彩红竹中类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶基因的克隆及功能分析

类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(Flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase,3GT)是花青苷(Anthocyanins)生物合成途径中的关键酶,它主要负责将不稳定的花色素转变为稳定的花色素苷,虽然目前已经从其他植物中克隆获得类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶,但是对竹子中的类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶并不清楚。该文以产生花青素的七彩红竹(Indosasa hispida Mc Clure cv.Rainbow)为材料,首先通过3GT的同源比对后设计3GT基因特异引物,获得3GT基因片段;然后运用RT-PCR及RACE技术从七彩红竹茎中克隆得到完整的3GT基因(Ih3GT)。结果表明:Ih3GT基因的c DNA全长序列为1 730 bp,含有1个1 425 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码474个氨基酸;系统进化分析显示,七彩红竹3GT与其他禾本科植物的3GT聚类到同一个分支;该基因推断的蛋白与水稻(Oryza sativa)3GT蛋白的相似性为69%,与二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)3GT的相似性为67%;经氨基酸序列比对,推断七彩红竹3GT含有糖基转移酶基因家族特有的结构域PSPG-box;半定量PCR的结果显示,七彩红竹3GT基因在微红的幼茎中大量表达,而在其他组织中并不表达,说明Ih3GT具有组织表达特异性。该结果为今后深入研究七彩红竹花色苷的形成机理、鉴定Ih3GT酶活性以及利用Ih3GT基因培育竹子新品种奠定了基础。     

A study on the epidermal structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Periophthalmodon</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Periophthalmus</Emphasis> mudskippers with reference to their terrestrial adaptation

Epidermal structures of three species of Periophthalmus (Ps.) and two species of Periophthalmodon (Pn.) were investigated in relation to their lifestyle. All species of both genera lack a dermal bulge, which species of other two oxudercine genera, Boleophthalmus and Scartelaos, have in their epidermis. In Periophthalmus and Periophthalmodon species, which are highly terrestrial, the middle cells are well developed in the epidermis and the capillaries are distributed in the surface of the epidermis on the head and dorsal body. In Periophthalmus species and Pn. septemradiatus, the capillaries and blood vessels are also distributed in the epidermis of the abdomen, superficially in Ps. modestus and deeply in other species. In Ps. modestus, the capillaries are also densely distributed on the surface of the epidermis in the caudal area, whereas in other species, the epidermal capillaries and blood vessels of this area are located deep with a very low density. In Pn. schlosseri, the epidermal capillaries are not found in either the abdominal area or caudal area. A comparison of the distribution of epidermal capillaries among Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmodon, Periophthalmus, and Scartelaos species revealed that the skin makes a larger contribution to respiration in the species having a more terrestrial lifestyle. Goblet mucous cells are completely lacking in Periophthalmus species, whereas slimelike materials were often found on the skin surface of Periophthalmus species. This finding suggests that Periophthalmus species have some unknown mechanism for producing mucus. In Pn. schlosseri, exposure of the dense capillary net on the surface of the head is likely to increase cutaneous respiration, but it also makes the fish an attractive target of bloodsucking insects.Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic format at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-003-00173-7