1. Zenker's solution 4 hours at 37°C or Dominici's 3 hours.
2. 70% alcohol, 12 to 18 hours at room temperature.
3. 80% alcohol, about 5 to 6 hours.
4. 90% alcohol, about 4 to 6 hours.
5. Absolute alcohol about 16 hours.
6. Ether and absolute alcohol aa, about 8 hours.
7. 16 to 24 hours in the following mixture: celloidin 1 g., methyl salycilate 25 cc., abs. alcohol 25 cc., ether 25 cc.
8. Chloroform and paraffin, 2 to 3 hours.
10. Paraffin, 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
11. Embed.
1. Cut sections 4 to 5 μ.
2. Bring section to water and cover with Lugol's iodine for 10 minutes.
3. Decolorize with a 2% sodium thiosulfate (hypo).
4. Wash thoroly with water.
5. Cover with a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% phloxine and 1% eosin Y (National Aniline brand) and leave for 15 minutes.
6. Wash with water and stain 2 to 5 minutes in 0.1% azure B (National Aniline).
7. Wash with 96% alcohol and decolorize in a mixture of 2 parts absolute alcohol with 1 part clove oil, ordinarily for not more than 1/2 to 1 minute.
8. Dehydrate rapidly, clear, and mount in Yucatan Elemi.
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inefficiency of the purification procedure;
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surface denaturation;
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imperfect freeze-drying of the final product; and
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factors yet unknown vhich cause alteration in the immoglobulins or other protein components not ellminated by the purification procedures.
The catalase activity of Candida tropicalis pK 233 was induced by hydrocarbons but not by glucose, galactose, ethanol, acetate or lauryl alcohol.
The induction of the catalase activity depending upon hydrocarbons was sensitive to cycloheximide but not to chloramphenicol.
Glucose repressed strongly the induction of the catalase activity by hydrocarbons but galactose did not affect seriously.
When C. tropicalis was incubated with hydrocarbons, the appearance of microbodies was observed electronmicroscopicaliy.
l-Aspartate was found to replace l-asparagine in the protective action from acid inactivation of l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) produced by Escherichia coli A–1–3 and at the same time to inhibit the proteolytic inactivation by α-chymotrypsin.
l-Asparaginase changed in its chromatographic properties in the presence of l-aspartate and became to be absorbed on the CM Sephadex column.
The sedimentation patterns of l-asparaginase at pH 3.5 were identical either in the presence or absence of l-aspartate, showing partial dissociation. But the reversibility to the active state was observed only in the enzyme dissolved in the solution containing l-aspartate.
l-Aspartate did not prevent the enzyme either from the dissociation into subunits or from decrease in the activity by urea.
High concentration of l-aspartate was shown to inhibit the l-asparagine hydrolysis reaction.
l-Aspartate was suggested from ORD measurements to cause changes in the higher structure as well as the ionic properties or proteolytic inactivation.
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Determine concernsby using risk assessment techniques for various scenarios.
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Identify the consequences by systematically identifying hazards.
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Undertake calculations by using relevant models.
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Evaluate certainties, uncertainties, and probabilities involved in the calculations of the vulnerability and of the exposure.
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Compare with criteriato assess the need for further action.
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Determine and act on options to control, mitigate, and adapt to the risk.
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Communicatethe results to those who need to know.
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Nyssodrysilla nov. gen. mit N. irrorata (Melzer) aus Brasilien als Generotype, N. viliata (Melzer), comb, nov., aus Brasilien und N. lineata nov. spec, aus Peru.
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Nyssodrysola nov. gen. mit N. stictica nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Sciadosurus nov. gen. mit S. albobrunneus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Acarinozineus nov. gen. mit A. striatus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype und A. spinicornis nov. spec, aus Mexiko.
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Alcathousites nov. gen. mit A. chaclacayoi nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatina nov. gen. mit X. pulcher (Lane) aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatoides nov. gen. mit X. asper (Bates) aus Brasilien und Argentinien als Generotype.
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Xylergates Bates, Generotype X. lacteus (Bates), mit Beschreibung der beiden neuen Arten X. elaineae aus Peru und X. dorotheae aus Britisch‐Guayana.
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Chaetanes Bates, Generotype C. setiger (Bates), mit Beschreibung der drei neuen Arten C. costulatus aus Peru, C. nigrobasalis aus Brasilien und C. apicalis aus Französisch‐Guayana.
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Wo es erforderlich ist, sind Bestimmungstabellen gebracht und die Arten abgebildet.
The incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into ipomeamarone in sweet potato root tissue infected by Ceratocystis fimbriata was demonstrated, but the rate was low when compared with acetate-2-14C. No dilution effect of mevalonate was noted during the incorporation of acetate-2-14C into ipomeamarone. This is very likely to result from the passive transfer of mevalonate into the cells.
No dilution effect of acetate during the incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into ipomeamarone was noted. This indicates that mevalonate is not incorporated into ipomeamarone after its conversion to acetate.
Evidence for incorporation of acetate-2-14C into mevalonate was shown by the fact that the specific radioactivity of mevalonic acid benzhydrylamide was not lowered throughout repetitive crystallizations. These data also support the participation of mevalonate in ipomeamarone synthesis as an intermediate.
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l'archisporio è pluricellulare e possono svilupparis talvolta pi[ugrave] cellule madri;
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normalmente solo una cellula madre arriva a maturità;
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delle quattro megaspore solo una è fertile e precisamente la pi[ugrave] calazale;
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lo sviluppo del gametofito è del tipo Normale cioè Monomegasporiale con oangio emisporiale.
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Identification of skulls
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Taxonomic situation of the vicugna
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Origin of the alpaca.
- Highlights
The present investigation signifies the role of Enterobacter spp. in various processes:
??To synthesize gallic acid (a precursor for food oxidant such as propyl gallate) and a bacteriostatic antibiotic (trimethoprim).
??To protect the environment from tannery’s discharge through the process of biodegradation.
??To reduce the toxicity of tannins in animal feed.
Very useful nitrogen source: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid
Useful nitrogen source: Alanine, Diammonium citrate
Insufficient nitrogen source: Glycine, Proline
Harmful for chick growth: Serine
Total concentration of soluble salts.
Relative proportion of sodium to other cations.
Concentration of boron or other toxic elements.
Under certain conditions, the bicarbonate concentration as related to the concentration of calcium plus magnesium.
Groth D. et al. Int J Pharm 1998; 162:143–157.
Nikol S. et al. Int J Angiol 2000; 9:87–95.
Armeanu S. et al. Mol Ther 2000; 1(4):366–375.
L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) from Escherichia coli A–l–3 was acetylated using acetic anhydride as a modifying chemical. The fully acetylated L-asparaginase retained 60% of the activity of the unmodified L-asparaginase.
The acetylated L-asparaginase hydrolyzed D-asparagine and L-glutamine as well as L-asparagine in the same ratio as the unmodified L-asparaginase did.
However, the effects of pH on the activity of the acetylated L-asparaginase showed very interesting differences from that of L-asparaginase. On the other hand, both L-asparaginase and the acetylated L-asparaginase exhibited similar pH activity curves on L-glutamine hydrolysis.
The acetylated L-asparaginase was found to become more stable against acid or heat in the presence of L-aspartate than in its absence in the same manner as L-asparaginase was.
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Research into the visual shape discrimination abilities of compound‐eyed animals has almost exclusively been limited to insects, the crustaceans having been virtually ignored. The two groups have many dissimilarities, having primarily adapted in different habitats to different lifestyles. Differences may exist in visual systems and visually mediated behavior.
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Fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator), without training, differentially approached dissimilar silhouettes presented simultaneously, demonstrating visual discrimination between stationary, geometric shapes of equal‐area. The strength of response was ordered hierarchically: vertical rectangle, horizontal rectangle, triangle, square, circle.
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Basic geometric shapes were used to facilitate replication and comparison with research findings from other species.
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Continuous darkness leads in a few days to a disappearance of the variations of the circadian rhythms of digestive enzymes while these rhythms go on in continuous light.
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Short (1 or 2 hrs) and low intensity flashes of white light are effective in bringing on the reappearance of rhythmic variations in darkness.
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We have been able to establish an isoquantic spectrum of action of the light. Two values of wavelength appears to account for a maximum sensibility of the shrimp: one in ultraviolet light and an other one, more important, in the green (λ=544 nm).
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In green light it is possible to obtain the same effect of light by decreasing the time of stimulation to 5 or 10 mn and in increasing the total quantity of energy. Significant responses are obtained with total energy greater than 10000 pE. cm‐2.
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A removed ear, not yet mature, exerts a depressing effect upon the development of the stem and ucon the leaf's functions.
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The threads and the pistils removed inhibit the enlongament of the stem and alter the functions of leaves.
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Maturing seeds removed cause trubles on the function of the vegetative organ.
The egg white, thick and thin fractions, was solubilized in 1.0% SDS solution by vigorous mixing and subjected to gel filtration on a Sepharose 4B column, eluted with 1.0% SDS. The isolated thick and thin ovomucins were found by analytical disc electrophoresis to be free from contamination with lysozyme.
In the velocity sedimentation the two ovomucin fractions behave similarly, both comprising at least two components with sedimentation coefficients 35 S and 30 S.
The chemical compositions of the two ovomucin fractions showed only notable difference in that the carbohydrate content of the thick white ovomucin was somewhat higher than that of the thin white ovomucin. The amino acid profiles of the two fractions were similar.