代谢组学分析提高谷氨酸棒杆菌L-瓜氨酸产量

利用基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的代谢组学分析方法,研究Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032和C.glutamicum ATCC 13032Δarg GΔargR-p XMJ19-arg B(ec)(CIT4)重组菌胞内代谢物差异性,挖掘L-瓜氨酸合成关键代谢物及代谢途径作用机制,并通过添加关键代谢物进行理性强化,提高L-瓜氨酸的产量。利用GC-MS共检测124种化合物,结合主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS)统计发现10种为区别这两种菌的生物标志物,理性强化添加α-酮戊二酸、丙酮酸、谷氨酸、鸟氨酸、氨甲酰磷酸和谷氨酰胺,CIT4中L-瓜氨酸产量从18.50 g/L增加到20.86 g/L。     

利用重组钝齿棒杆菌高效合成L-茶氨酸

【目的】构建Bacillus subtilis来源的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶蛋白(GGT)的Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPA5-5表达系统,验证该蛋白信号肽片段在宿主表达体系中的作用,并将该体系应用于高效合成茶氨酸的研究。【方法】将该ggt基因和切除信号肽的片段基因(?sp ggt)在C.glutamicum SYPA5-5中克隆表达。以C.glutamicum SYPA5-5高产L-精氨酸培养基为基础进行重组菌产酶优化。最优转化条件为:L-谷氨酰胺∶乙胺为1∶3,酶量为0.06 U/mL。采用底物流加策略高产L-茶氨酸,40 mL的转化体系包含:终浓度为0.9 U/mL的GGT,pH 10,37℃,从0 h开始每隔2 h补加20 mmol/L的L-谷氨酰胺,60 mmol/L的乙胺。【结果】C.glutamicum SYPA5-5/pXMJ19-ggt发酵上清液中GGT酶活达到(4.69±0.34)U/mL,C.glutamicum SYPA5-5/pXMJ19-?sp ggt只检测到胞内酶活(0.99±0.17)U/mL,说明利用B.subtilis来源的信号肽可以实现GGT在C.glutamicum体系中分泌表达。最适产酶培养基条件为:葡萄糖浓度为10%;IPTG最适添加时间为0 h。批次流加在12 h时达到最大茶氨酸产量104.36 mmol/L,转化率为86.9%。【讨论】本文首次实现B.subtilis来源的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶基因(ggt)在C.glutamicum SYPA5-5中分泌表达,通过分批流加底物获得目前报道的利用重组C.glutamicum合成L-茶氨酸的最高产量。     

一步法生产1,5-戊二胺谷氨酸棒杆菌基因工程菌的构建

1,5-戊二胺是一种重要的化工原料,发酵法生产1,5-戊二胺是一条新颖且具有潜在竞争力的生产途径。以蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei)AS1.1009基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增,得到大小约为2.2kb的赖氨酸脱羧酶基因ldc。以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)/谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)穿梭质粒pXMJl9为载体,将扩增得到的目的基因片段克隆至谷氨酸棒杆菌C.glutamicum TK260512,获得重组菌株C.glutamicum TK260512/pXMJl9-ldc.在摇瓶发酵水平上,通过IPTG诱导ldc基因的表达,并采用反相高效液相色谱方法测定了发酵液中1,5-戊二胺的含量,结果显示,经36h发酵,工程菌C.glutamicum TK260512/pXMJ19-ldc的1,5-戊二胺产量为0.96g/L。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌YILW苏氨酸脱水酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

将L-异亮氨酸生产菌谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum YILW)苏氨酸脱水酶(threonine de-hydratase,TD)的编码基因ilvA在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达及进行初步的酶学性质研究。分别以C.glutamicum ATCC13032、YILW的基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出苏氨酸脱水酶的编码基因ilvA,测序获得编码序列。利用质粒PET-His将该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达、金属螯合纯化,对其酶学性质进行初步研究。结果显示C.glutamicum YILW编码基因序列与已报道的ilvA序列相差5个碱基,相似度为99.6%,第383位氨基酸由苯丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸。酶学性质研究表明:重组酶YilwTD最适反应温度为32℃,在20~55℃范围内该酶较稳定,最适pH为6.7,该酶底物专一性强,对最适底物苏氨酸的米氏常数Km=8.32 mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax=3.18×104U/mg,与野生型酶相比,突变(F383V)后可显著降低终产物对酶的反馈抑制作用。为揭示突变对苏氨酸脱水酶活性的影响及进一步利用基因工程技术改造L-异亮氨酸生产菌,提高L-异亮氨酸产量奠定了基础。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌NAD激酶的过表达对L-异亮氨酸合成的促进作用

NAD激酶催化辅酶Ⅰ[NAD(H)]发生磷酸化,转变成辅酶Ⅱ[NADP(H)],而还原态辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)是L-异亮氨酸合成的必要辅因子。为了提高NADPH的供应,首先克隆了谷氨酸棒杆菌NAD激酶基因ppnK,并利用大肠杆菌-棒状杆菌诱导型穿梭表达载体pDXW-8和组成型穿梭表达载体pDXW-9在L-异亮氨酸合成菌——乳糖发酵短杆菌JHI3-156中进行表达。摇瓶发酵后,ppnK诱导表达菌JHI3-156/pDXW-8-ppnK的NAD激酶酶活(4.33±0.74 U/g)比pDXW-8空载菌提高了83.5%,辅酶Ⅱ与辅酶Ⅰ的比例提高了63.8%,L-异亮氨酸产量(3.86±0.12 g/L)提高了82.9%;ppnK组成表达菌JHI3-156/pDXW-9-ppnK的NAD激酶酶活(7.67±0.65 U/g)比pDXW-9空载菌提高了2.20倍,辅酶Ⅱ与辅酶Ⅰ的比例提高了1.34倍,NADPH含量提高了21.7%,L-异亮氨酸产量(2.99±0.18 g/L)提高了41.7%。这说明NAD激酶有助于辅酶Ⅱ的供应和L-异亮氨酸的生物合成,这对于其他氨基酸的生产也有一定的参考依据。     

酿酒酵母POS5基因过表达对L-异亮氨酸合成的促进作用

L-异亮氨酸是人体必需氨基酸之一,具有很大的商业价值。在谷氨酸棒杆菌中,合成一分子L-异亮氨酸需要消耗四分子NADPH。因此,提高胞内NADPH浓度是提高L-异亮氨酸产量的重要手段之一。在乳糖发酵短杆菌JHI3-156中过量表达酿酒酵母的NADH激酶编码基因POS5△MTS,发酵48 h表达菌株JHI3-156/pDXW-10-POS5△MTS的胞内NADP~+浓度增加了27μmol/L(17%),NADPH浓度增加了36μmol/L(96%);发酵72 h后L-异亮氨酸产量是(3.02±0.52)g/L,比对照菌(1.96±0.04)g/L提高了54%。本研究表明,过表达POS5△MTS基因能提高NADPH的供应,促进了L-异亮氨酸的生物合成。     

Pgk和ilvN基因对谷氨酸棒杆菌产L-丝氨酸的影响

为增加谷氨酸棒杆菌A36的L-丝氨酸合成途径的碳流,首先过表达磷酸甘油酸激酶(pgk),以增加前体物质3-磷酸甘油酸的积累,但经发酵分析发现其对菌株A36的L-丝氨酸产量无显著影响。进一步敲除副产物L-缬氨酸合成途径的乙酰羟酸合酶(AHAS)基因ilvN,敲除该基因后L-缬氨酸只有微量积累,但重组菌并未形成营养缺陷型菌株,L-丝氨酸的产量反而下降,分析发现L-缬氨酸的存在在一定程度上有助于L-丝氨酸的生成。在培养基中分别添加不同质量浓度的L-缬氨酸,在L-缬氨酸添加量为750 mg/L时,重组菌L-丝氨酸产量达到34.19 g/L,糖酸转化率为0.34 g/g,生产强度为0.28 g/(L·h),相比出发菌株A36分别提高了11.8%、13.3%和12.0%。     

丙酮酸和乙酰-CoA协同促进L-亮氨酸的合成

【目的】通过理性改造柠檬酸合酶(citrate synthase,CS)、丙酮酸脱氢酶系E1p (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex,PDHC,编码基因aceE)和ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶(ATP-Citrate lyase,ACL),有效供应胞内丙酮酸和乙酰-CoA,以提高L-亮氨酸产量。【方法】以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)为底盘细胞,分析不同CS和PDHC酶活水平对L-亮氨酸合成的影响。随后,考查协同改造CS和PDHC或引入绿硫菌(Chlorobium tepidum)中ACL对L-亮氨酸合成的影响。【结果】低强度的CS酶活(即重组菌XL-3 P_(dapA-R2)gltA)有利于L-亮氨酸的合成,L-亮氨酸产量达到17.5±0.6 g/L。而改变PDHC酶活水平不利于L-亮氨酸的合成。此外,以启动子P_(dapA-R2)控制CS表达,而以启动子P_(gapA)控制PDHC表达时(即重组菌XL-4),可实现胞内丙酮酸和乙酰-CoA的有效供给,L-亮氨酸产量达到20.2±1.7 g/L,且显著降低副产物产量。若在重组菌XL-4中引入C.tepidum,ACL会显著抑制菌体生长而不利于L-亮氨酸合成,而引入到出发菌XL-3中因胞内丙酮酸和乙酰-CoA得到有效供给,目标重组菌XL-5L-亮氨酸产量达到18.5±1.2 g/L,比出发菌株XL-3增加了14.2%。【结论】重组菌XL-4中因协同控制CS和PDHC酶活,从而实现胞内丙酮酸和乙酰-CoA有效供给,促进L-亮氨酸的合成。该研究结果对后续利用代谢工程技术强化微生物合成L-亮氨酸等支链氨基酸具有重要的参考价值。     

L-异亮氨酸高产菌选育及其培养基优化

旨在诱变选育L-异亮氨酸高产菌,并探索突变株最佳发酵条件。利用传统化学诱变结合常压室温等离子体生物诱变体系对实验室保藏的Brevibacterium flavum I-12进行逐级诱变,选育2-噻唑丙氨酸(2-TA)和磺胺胍(SG)高抗性和在琥珀酸平板上能快速生长的突变菌株。随后,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面设计优化出目的突变株摇瓶发酵培养基组分的最佳参数水平。结果显示,经过一系列诱变和筛选,成功选育出一株在40 g/L的2-TA和5 g/L的SG,且以琥珀酸为唯一碳源的培养基上快速生长突变株,命名为B. flavum TA-6,该菌株产酸达26.2±0.5 g/L,比出发菌株提高了44.75%,而副产物L-缬氨酸和L-亮氨酸积累量明显降低。经响应面法优化发酵条件后,突变株产酸可达27.8±0.5 g/L,比优化前提高了6.1%。通过传统化学诱变结合ARTP生物诱变体系,成功选育出一株杂酸降低的L-异亮氨酸高产菌TA-6,该菌株具有潜在生产应用价值。     

基于途径分析的L-异亮氨酸发酵溶氧控制研究

利用途径分析方法对黄色短杆菌（Brevibacterium flavum）TC-21 生产L-异亮氨酸的途径进行了分析,确定了黄色短杆菌TC-21生产L-异亮氨酸的最佳途径的通量分布,根据途径分析的结果,TCA循环的代谢流量对L-异亮氨酸产量有明显影响,而TCA循环与发酵过程中的溶氧密切相关,因此可以通过控制溶氧来提高L-异亮氨酸产量。在发酵过程的不同阶段,根据菌体生长和产酸的需求,改变TCA代谢流量,可以有效提高产酸率。实验证明,通过溶氧分阶段控制发酵生产L-异亮氨酸,比溶氧恒定控制方式发酵产率提高了15.77％。实验结果说明,用途径分析的结果指导发酵过程中的溶氧可以大幅度提高L-异亮氨酸的产量。     

Effect of transport proteins on l-isoleucine production with the l-isoleucine-producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum YILW

Previous studies have shown that the deletion of brnQ from the Corynebacterium glutamicum chromosome results in a significant reduction in L-isoleucine uptake rates, while overexpression of brnFE leads to enhanced L-isoleucine export rates. Given that net excretion rates would be an important factor for high titers of L-isoleucine accumulation, we have tested the notion that decreased L-isoleucine uptake combined with increased L-isoleucine excretion will further improve high-yield strains that are currently used for the industrial-scale production of L-isoleucine. To examine the effect of the two carriers on L-isoleucine accumulation in L-isoleucine producer C. glutamicum YILW, we constructed a brnQ deletion mutant (C. glutamicum YILW?brnQ) and two brnFE overexpressors (C. glutamicum YILWpXMJ19brnFE and C. glutamicum YILW?brnQpXMJ19brnFE). Compared to the original strain, the efflux rate of the brnQ mutant increased from 19.0 to 23.6?nmol?min(-1) mg (dry wt)(-1) and its L-isoleucine titer increased from 154.3?mM (20.2?g?l(-1)) to 170.3?mM (22.3?g?l(-1)). The efflux rates of C. glutamicum YILWpXMJ19brnFE and C. glutamicum YILW?brnQpXMJ19brnFE were 33.5 and 39.1?nmol?min(-1) mg (dry wt)(-1), and their L-isoleucine production titers were 197.2?mM (25.9?g?l(-1)) and 221.0?mM (29.0?g?l(-1)), respectively. Our results suggest that modifications of the transport system could provide a promising avenue for further increasing L-isoleucine yield in the L-isoleucine producer.     

代谢工程改造谷氨酸棒状杆菌合成及分泌途径生产L-缬氨酸

谷氨酸棒状杆菌是目前微生物发酵生产L-缬氨酸的主要工业菌株。文中首先在谷氨酸棒状杆菌VWB-1中敲除了alaT (丙氨酸氨基转移酶),获得突变菌株VWB-2,作为出发菌株。进而对L-缬氨酸合成途径关键酶——乙酰羟酸合酶 (ilvBN) 的调节亚基进行定点突变 (ilvBN1M13),解除L-缬氨酸对该酶的反馈抑制。然后辅助过量表达L-缬氨酸合成途径关键基因ilvBN1M13、乙酰羟酸异构酶 (ilvC)、二羟酸脱水酶 (ilvD)、支链氨基酸氨基转移酶 (ilvE),加强通往L-缬氨酸的碳代谢流,提高菌株的L-缬氨酸水平。最后,基于过量表达L-缬氨酸转运蛋白编码基因brnFE及其调控蛋白编码基因lrp1,提高细胞的L-缬氨酸转运能力。最终获得工程菌株VWB-2/pEC-XK99E-ilvBN1M13CE-lrp1-brnFE在5 L发酵罐中的L-缬氨酸产量达到461.4 mmol/L,糖酸转化率达到0.312 g/g葡萄糖。     

Entomotoxicity,protease and chitinase activity of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater sludge with a high solids content

This study investigated the production of biopesticides, protease and chitinase activity by Bacillus thuringiensis grown in raw wastewater sludge at high solids concentration (30 g/L). The rheology of wastewater sludge was modified with addition of Tween-80 (0.2% v/v). This addition resulted in 1.6 and 1.3-fold increase in cell and spore count, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (μ_max) augmented from 0.17 to 0.22 h⁻¹ and entomotoxicity (Tx) increased by 29.7%. Meanwhile, volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La) showed marked variations during fermentation, and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) increased 2-fold. The proteolytic activity increased while chitinase decreased for Tween amended wastewater sludge, but the entomotoxicity increased. The specific entomotoxicity followed power law when plotted against spore concentration and the relation between Tx and protease activity was linear. The viscosity varied and volume percent of particles increased in Tween-80 amended wastewater sludge and particle size (D₅₀) decreased at the end of fermentation. Thus, there was an increase in entomotoxicity at higher suspended solids (30 g/L) as Tween addition improved rheology (viscosity, particle size, surface tension); enhanced maximum growth rate and OUR.     

应用纤维素结合域标签构建谷氨酸棒状杆菌表达系统

为优化谷氨酸棒状杆菌表达系统的纯化工艺,合成里氏木霉的CBD基因,将其与谷氨酸棒状杆菌分泌表达载体pXMJ19-sp连接,构建以CBD为纯化标签的重组载体pXMJ 19-sp-CBD.在该载体中插入GFP基因并转化至谷氨酸棒状杆菌,可获得分泌表达融合蛋白GFP-CBD的重组菌.该菌经IPTG诱导后的发酵液在紫外灯下显示强烈的绿色荧光,重组蛋白的分泌表达量达200 mg/L.利用CBD标签对纤维素柱的可逆性吸附,可直接对谷氨酸棒状杆菌分泌到培养基中的重组蛋白进行纯化,从而简化工艺和降低成本,为工业化大生产奠定基础.     

表面活性剂对琼式不动杆菌LH-1-1降解溴氰菊酯的影响

旨在探究表面活性剂对菌株降解溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin,DM)的影响。以前期筛选到具备DM较高降解能力的Acinetobacter junii LH-1-1为目标菌株,通过荧光光谱法测定了3种不同类型表面活性剂(CTAB、AES和Tween-20)的临界胶束浓度(Critical Micelle Concentration,CMC),并探究不同表面活性剂各CMC对A.junii LH-1-1生长、DM增溶作用和菌株降解DM的影响。结果显示,测得CTAB、AES、Tween-20的CMC分别为0.793 mmol/L、0.547 mmol/L和0.031 mmol/L;CTAB对菌株的生长无明显影响,AES对菌株生长有抑制作用,Tween-20对菌株的生长有一定的促进作用;CTAB、AES和Tween-20对DM均具有较强的增溶作用;且CTAB可显著提高A.junii LH-1-1对DM的降解率,当其含量为2 CMC,72 h时DM降解率达到98.20%,较未添加表面活性剂的对照组(阳性)降解率提高了24.31%。阳离子表面活性剂CTAB可显著提高A.junii LH-1-1对DM的降解。     

Fed-batch production of thermomonospora fusca endoglucanase by recombinant streptomyces lividans

The factors affecting the production of a Thermomonospora fusca endoglucanase by a recombinant Streptomyces lividans strain were studied in a fermentor with glucose addition controlled by a pH-stat. The recombinant plasmid was stable for 35 generations with constant endoglucanase productivity. Glucose and peptone were used as the carbon and nitrogen sources. Addition of Tween-80 increased endoglucanase production twofold. A significant decrease in endoglucanase production was observed at low aeration. During fed-batch cultivation, pulse feeding (6 g/L) of a glucose-ammonium sulfate solution was optimal for endoglucanase production. With higher concentrations of glucose (15 g/L), a significant amount of organic acid, including acetic acid, was produced, which inhibited cell growth and endoglucanase production. Under optimum conditions, 1.7 U/mL of endoglucanase were produced. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of cold-active protease production by the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia sp. NJ341 with response surface methodology

Culture conditions were optimized for an extracellular cold-active protease production by the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia sp. NJ341. Response surface methodology was applied for the most significant fermentation parameters (casein, citrate sodium, temperature and Tween-80) identified earlier by one-factor-at-a-time approach. A 2(4) full factorial central composite design was employed to determine the maximum protease production. Using this methodology, the quadratic regression model of producing cold-active protease was built and the optimal combinations of media constituents for maximum protease production (183.21 U/mL) were determined as casein 5.18 g/L, citrate sodium 3.84 g/L, temperature 7.96 degrees C, Tween-80 0.23 g/L. Protease production obtained experimentally coincident with the predicted value and the model was proven to be adequate.     

改进底物添加体系制备氢化可的松

在蓝色梨头霉和新月弯孢霉协同转化制备氢化可的松(HC)过程中,常规的底物热溶液体系由17α羟基孕甾4-烯-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯(RSA)和乙醇组成,其中m(RSA)∶V(乙醇)=1∶25;改进后的底物溶液体系由Tween-80、丙三醇、RSA和磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)组成,其中V(Tween-80)∶V(丙三醇)∶m(RSA)∶V(PBS)=1∶3∶1∶25。RSA质量浓度从2g/L起,累加到5g/L,RSA全部被转化,且产物氢化可的松(HC)产率与常规低浓度投料相当;在RSA质量浓度3g/L时添加底物,协同菌丝体能重复利用达3次,HC产率稳定在70%左右;经3批次实验室摇瓶放大制备实验,产物HC平均收率为52%,重现性较好,工艺操作稳定。Tween-80/丙三醇/RSA/PBS底物体系较常规RSA/乙醇构成的底物添加体系,可显著提高HC生产收率,有工业应用价值。