污水中草履虫P.aurelia和P.caudatum的有性过程

差不多整整一百年前,Maupus在为原生动物生物学建立的基础工作中,曾对纤毛虫的衰老问题做过大量的研究。他观察到在有控制的生长条件下培养的纤毛虫,最终衰败,即经过几百代的植物性繁殖后死亡。     

污水中草履虫P.aurelia和P.caudatum的有性过程

差不多整整一百年前,Maupus在为原生动物生物学建立的基础工作中,曾对纤毛虫的衰老问题做过大量的研究。他观察到在有控制的生长条件下培养的纤毛虫,最终衰败,即经过几百代的植物性繁殖后死亡。     

Differentiation of F1 hybrids P. nigra J. F. Arnold × P. sylvestris L., P. nigra J. F. Arnold × P. densiflora Siebold et Zucc., P. nigra J. F. Arnold × P. thunbergiana Franco and their parental species by needle volatile composition

The volatile composition of needles from three F₁ hard pine hybrids produced by the controlled hybridization and their parental species were researched with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to explore the utility of terpenes in hybrid identification (their differentiation from the parental species) as well as confirmation of hybridity. The analysed hybrids were: 1. Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold × Pinus sylvestris L. (= nisy), 2. P. nigra × Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc. (= nide) and 3. P. nigra × Pinus thunbergiana Franco (= nith). A total of 55 compounds were identified. All identified compounds were terpenes, except trans-2-hexenal.Three analysed F₁ hybrids showed the same qualitative pattern of the needle volatile composition as their parental species. However, there were quantitative differences in several major terpenes. The volatile composition of the needles from the hybrids nisy were equally similar to both parents, the hybrids nide were more similar to the female parent (P. nigra), whereas the hybrids nith were more similar to the male parent (P. thunbergiana). According to the content of germacrene D, as the specific component of P. nigra (female parent of the three analysed F₁ hybrids), all hybrids were intermediary in relation to the parental species. The content of Δ-3-carene (the specific component of P. sylvestris) in the hybrids nisy was also intermediary. The hybrids nide had a higher content of thunbergol (specific component of P. densiflora) than the other analysed hybrids. In view of the content of β-pinene, the specific component of P. thunbergiana, the hybrids nith were intermediary to the parental species and that content was considerably higher than in the other analysed hybrids. The intermediary quality of F₁ hybrids for these specific components in relation to the parental species confirms their hybrid character.The needle volatile composition analysis as well as the previous morphometric analysis confirm the hybrid character of three F₁ hybrids, whose female parent is P. nigra, and male parents are P. sylvestris, P. densiflora, i.e. P. thunbergiana.     

Pollen-pistil interactions in Populus: β-galactosidase activity associated with pollen-tube growth in the crosses P. nigra x P. nigra and P. nigra x P. alba

Summary In order to understand the nature of interspecific barriers in Populus, we have explored pollen/pistil interactions in intra- and interspecific crosses Populus nigra x P. nigra and P. nigra x P. alba. The kinetics of pollen-tube growth demonstrated that P. nigra and P. alba pollen tubes have distinct behavioral patterns inside P. nigra pistils. P. alba pollen tubes exhibit an unique S-shaped growth curve and an arrested growth site near the sylodium. P. nigra pollen tubes exhibit two growth phases, in the stigmatic tissues and in the ovarian cavity respectively. P. nigra and P. alba curves diverge 5 h after controlled pollination and could be related to a change in the physiology of the P. nigra pollen tube, which shifts from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic type of nutrition. Protein analysis of pollinated stigmatic extracts (0,6 and 20 h after pollination) revealed qualitative and quantitative differences that are related to the presence of either P. nigra or P. alba pollen tubes inside the stigmatic tissues. Increasing numbers of protein bands were detectable from 0 to 20 h after pollination only in intraspecific cross. Glycoproteins were detected, and the differences observed were dependent of the cross. -Galactosidase activity was found in pollinated stigmas, but an increase in its activity (one isozyme of pHi 4.2) between 6 h and 20 h after pollination was detected only in the intraspecific cross. This enzyme could play a role in heterotrophic pollen-tube nitrition, and its activity could be the final result of a series of interactions started by the initial pollen-stigma dialog.     

C.P.S.—Its Strengths and Weaknesses

The following, a supplement to the annual report of the Board of Trustees of California Physicians'' Service that was published in the March 1961 issue of California Medicine, was delivered at the 1961 Annual Session of the House of Delegates by Dr. John G. Morrison, chairman of the board.     

苏联N. P. Korableva教授访沪

苏联巴赫生物化学研究所N.P.Korableva教授于1999年10月18～27日来沪访问。10月23日在中国科学院上海植物生理研究所作了《马铃薯块根的休眠和抗性》的学术报告,并与该所环境生理组和发育生理组座谈及商讨合作问题。     

评介T.P.琼斯和N.P.罗合编的《化石植物和孢粉的现代技术》

二十世纪后半叶以来,由于国际上对能源需求的急剧增长,使地质勘探,特别是石油勘探事业迅猛发展,这刺激了孢粉分析技术的改进和一些新技术的出现。尤其是二十世纪六十年代中期起,显微技术的创新(特别是扫描电镜、透射电镜和共聚焦显微技术)、地球化学(特别是生物地球化学)手段的革新、化石植物中基因物质的提取以及计算机数据分析的应用,使古植物学的研究方法和技术从根本上改变了原来的面貌。     

Comparative genome mapping among Picea glauca, P. mariana × P. rubens and P. abies, and correspondence with other Pinaceae

A composite linkage map was constructed from four individual maps for the conifer Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, from anonymous and gene-specific markfers (714 AFLPs, 38 SSRs, and 53 ESTPs). A total of 12 linkage groups were delineated with an average marker density of 2.7 cM. Macro-synteny and macro-colinearity comparisons with two other composite linkage maps developed for the species complex P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. × P. rubens Sarg., and for P. abies (L.) Karst. revealed an identical number of linkage groups and a remarkable conservation of the gene content and gene order of linkage groups over the million years since the split between these taxa. Identical gene order among taxa was observed for 10 of the 12 assembled composite linkage groups. The discovery of one breakdown in synteny between P. glauca and the other two taxa indicated the occurrence of an inter-chromosomal rearrangement involving an insertional translocation. Analysis of marker colinearity also revealed a putative segmental duplication. The combined information from these three Picea genomes validated and improved large-scale genome comparisons at the inter-generic level in the family Pinaceae by allowing for the identification of 11 homoeologous linkage groups between Picea and Pinus, and nine such groups between Picea and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Notably, the analysis of synteny among the three genera revealed a putative case of chromosomal fission and an inter-chromosomal rearrangement in the genome of P. menziesii. Both of these changes are inter-connected, indicating much instability in this part of the P. menziesii genome. Overall, the macro-structure of the Pinaceae genome was well conserved, which is notable given the Cretaceous origin of its main lineages.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.     

Cunxi Wang · Kevan P.C. Croft · David F. Hildebrand

 Auxin [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid] can induce the expression of lipoxygenases (LOXs) in cultured immature zygotic embryo cotyledons of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr]. These auxin-induced LOXs are different from those normally expressed in seeds but have the same isoelectric points (pI) as those found in seedlings. The pIs of the two seedling LOXs were determined to be 5.09 and 5.23. One of the auxin-induced LOXs has the same pI (5.09) and molecular mass (94 kDa) as seedling LOX4. The partial amino acid sequences from the purified NAA-induced pI-5.09 LOX are identical to those of LOX4. RNA protection assays showed that NAA induces the expression of LOX4 and LOX5 mRNAs in cultured embryo cotyledons where they are not normally expressed. Soybean genotypes with a polymorphic variant of LOX4 in hypocotyls showed the same variation as NAA-induced LOXs in the embryo cotyledons. These results demonstrate that the NAA-induced pI-5.09 LOX is seedling LOX4 and also suggest that auxin might be directly or indirectly involved in seedling LOX expression during seed germination. Received: 10 January 2000 / Revision received: 16 June 2000 / Accepted: 29 June 2000     

关于兰科Eulophia hirsuta T. P. Lin的归属问题

根据花的构造将短毛美冠兰Eulophia hirsuta 移入粉口兰属Pachystoma。由于粉口兰属已经有Pachystoma hirsutum(1987),故另起新名,即绿岛粉口兰Pachystoma ludaoense。     

本刊编委Alexei P.Kryukov博士简介

Alexei Petrovich Kryukov,男,1949年生。1972年毕业于国立新西伯利亚大学(Novosibirsk State Uni-versity)自然科学系遗传学专业;1982年于国立莫斯科大学(MoscowState University)动物学专业获得副博士(Ph.D.)学位;2001年于俄罗斯科学院远东分院生物学与土壤科学研究所获得科学博士(D.Sc·,正博士)学位。1987年至今任俄罗斯科学院远东分院生物学与土壤科学研究所(位于海参崴Vladivostok)进化动物学与遗传学实验室主任。Alexei Kryukov研究的领域涉及鸟类和哺乳动物的分类学、细胞遗传学、进化生物学、分子系统学和生物地理学等。曾…