Avian haematozoa: some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems arising from the Russian literature.

It is evident from a survey of the Russian literature that many species of avian haematozoa recorded do not meet the basic criteria required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus 28 species of Haemoproteus and 4 species of Leucocytozoon are considered to be nomina nuda, while 1 species, Leucocytozoon turtur orientalis is a synonym of L. marchouxi.     

Diagnosis of Dysponetinae (Chrysopetalidae,Annelida)

The subfamily Dysponetinae (Annelida, Chrysopetalidae) was proposed by Aguado et al. (Cladistics 29, 610) based on a phylogenetic analysis including morphological and molecular information. However, as a differential diagnosis of the new subfamily, as required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, was not included, the name was not made available. A diagnosis of the subfamily is proposed herein to correct this oversight.     

ICZN NEWS

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has given these opinions which could be of interest to palaeontologists (originally published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 46:l).     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Towards Stability in the Names of Animals. A History of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1895–1995 , by Richard J. Melville.
The Biology of Lemmings , edited by N.C. Stensteth     

Avian Haematozoa: Some Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Problems Arising from the Russian Literature*

SYNOPSIS. It is evident from a survey of the Russian literature that many species of avian haematozoa recorded do not meet the basic criteria required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus 28 species of Haemoproteus and 4 species of Leucocytozoon are considered to be nomina nuda, while 1 species, Leucocytozoon turtur orientalis is a synonym of L. marchouxi.     

Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has voted in favour of a revised version of the amendment to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature that was proposed in 2008. The purpose of the amendment is to expand and refine the methods of publication allowed by the Code, particularly in relation to electronic publication. The amendment establishes an Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (with ZooBank as its online version), allows electronic publication after 2011 under certain conditions, and disallows publication on optical discs after 2012. The requirements for electronic publications are that the work be registered in ZooBank before it is published, that the work itself state the date of publication and contain evidence that registration has occurred, and that the ZooBank registration state both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work. Registration of new scientific names and nomenclatural acts is not required. The Commission has confirmed that ZooBank is ready to handle the requirements of the amendment.     

ICZN News

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has given these opinions which could be of interest to palaeontologists (originally published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 46:3 ).
From March 29th. 1989:
Opinion 1519 Ammonites neubergicus Hauer, 1858 (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea): to be given precedence over Ammonites chrishna Forbes, 1846
Opinion 1520 Chagrinichniles brooksi Feldmann, Osgood, Szmuc & Meinke, 1978 and Chagrinichniles osgoodi Hannibal & Feldmann, 1983 (Trace fossil; arthropod): conserved
Opinion 1535 Halianassa studeri von Meyer, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia): neotype designated; and Halitherium Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia): Pugmeodon schinzii Kaup, 1838 designated as the type species     

Silurian (Wenlock–ludlow) Graptolites from Bolivia

Well preserved middle to upper Silurian (Wenlock–Ludlow) graptolites from Bolivia are described for the first time. Generally monospecific graptolite faunas, of species largely endemic to South America, are found in a few levels in the lower part of the Kirusillas, Rio Carrasco and Uncía formations. The oldest identified level yields specimens of Pristiograptus praedeubeli (Jaeger) and is referred to the upper Wenlock. Younger faunas belong to the Ludlow and include Saetograptus , Monograptus and Neodiversograptus specimens. These may be referred to the Gorstian (lower Ludlow). The fauna includes Saetograptus argentinus robustus ssp. nov. and Monograptus bolivianus sp. nov.     

Characteristic features of the ranks genus and subgenus, and an intercalary rank "species complex" in ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

The work was carries our from the standpoint of the morphological conception of species. Vast collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science testify to the existence of hiatuses in both genera and subgenera of Palearctic ixodids at all active phases of their ontogenesis. The fact that the subgenera of Palearctic genera have been well studies is notes, and composition of the subgenera is presented. The question of a taxonomic intercalary rank "species complex" is considered in detail in the context of the coevolution between some complexes of closely related species of ixodid ticks and some closely related species (genospecies, strains) of pathogens. The question of the taxonomic rank "species complex" in ixodid ticks as a phyletic species association is postulated on the basis of comparative ontogenetic data. Nomenclature status of the intercalary association "species complex" is specified in conformity with the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Species composition of most studied complexes is presented. Some variants of morphological differentiation between species complexes within subgenus are considered. Significance of the taxonomic concept "species complex" for zoological. parasitological, and medical aspects of the ixodid ticks study was evaluated. Prognostic significance of the rank "species complex" for the study of the relationships between ixodid ticks and pathogens is discussed.     

On the nomenclature ofPan paniscus

In 1929 a subspecies of chimpanzee was classified asPan satyrus paniscus, a subspecies of theeastern chimpanzee, and elevated to species level,Pan paniscus, in 1933. Review of the literature indicates that this ape type was known since 1881 from several locations throughout the Congo Basin and first scientifically described in 1887 asTroglodytes niger var.marungensis, a subspecies of thewestern chimpanzee. The evidence presented here demonstrates that the synonymmarungensis was known and used as an earlier name. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the earliest name awarded to a species is the one which has to be recognized in use. However, maintaining the emphasis on stability and assuming that to change the name would cause considerable confusion in the literature, it is this author's recommendation that the earlier namemarungensis be suppressed and the later synonympaniscus be conserved while an application is being considered for ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.     

我国六种新蚤雄性阉割描记及关于单齿新蚤的商榷(蚤目：多毛蚤科)

在所收藏的蚤类标本中,查出新蚤属6种、亚种2,例雄性阉割畸形,其中阿巴盖新蚤Neopsylla abagaitui 3例,二卤新蚤N,btdentatiformis 9例,类新蚤N.Compar 1例,近代新蚤东方亚种N.Pleskei orientalis 4例,鞍新蚤N.Sellaris 7例,特新蚤指名亚种N.S,specialis 1例。 这些标本获自黑龙江,吉林、内蒙古,宁夏、甘肃、河北和云南。本文对畸形蚤形态进行了描述。分析关于单齿新蚤 Neopsylla monodcntattformis Huang ct Xic,1987的原始描述和形态特征图,认为其鼓名模式可能系二齿新蚤畸形标本,那么其种名将成为国际动物命名法规拒绝的名称。     

进境植物检疫性有害生物名录中二种象虫学名的订正

2007年5月28日公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》中,隶属于鞘翅目象虫总科的2种象虫的学名需要更正。李虎象Rhynchites cupreus(L.)正确的学名应为Involvulus cupreus(L.);西瓜船象Baris granulipennis(Tournier)正确的学名应为Acythopeus granulipennis(Tournier),文章根据《国际动物命名法规》对上述种类的学名变更进行论述。同时,文章还讨论进境植物检疫过程中应该注意的问题。     

Zoological nomenclature in the digital era

Creation and use of the scientific names of animals are ruled by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Until recently, publication of new names in a work produced with ink on paper was required for their availability. A long awaited amendment to the Code issued in September 2012 by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature now allows publication of new names in online-only works, provided that the latter are registered with ZooBank, the Official Register of Animal Names. With this amendment, the rules of zoological nomenclature have been aligned with the opportunities (and needs) of our digital era. However, possible causes for nomenclatural instability remain. These could be completely removed if the Code-compliant publication of new names will be identified with their online registration, under suitable technological and formal (legal) conditions. Future developments of the ZooBank may provide the tool required to make this definitive leap ahead in zoological nomenclature.     

A Wenlock ancestor of the micropoma phylogenetic lineage

A new graptolite species, Monoclimacis praemicropoma , from the Upper Wenlock of Poland is described. It is an ancestor of the Lower Ludlow M. micropoma (Jaeckel). The phytogeny of the praemicropoma-micropoma lineage is discussed. M. micropoma nannopoma (Jaeger) has been assigned to a separate evolutionary lineage. Graptolites, Wenlock, phytogeny .     

大眼华鳊和伍氏华鳊的形态差异及其物种有效性

分别对大眼华鳊和伍氏华鳊 137尾标本 7个可数性状和 18个可量性状进行主成分分析 ,以探讨这两个种之间的形态差异及其物种有效性。研究结果显示 :无论是在可数性状上还是可量性状上 ,大眼华鳊和伍氏华鳊之间的形态差异并不显著 ,而且大眼华鳊大陆的标本和台湾的标本无明显的不同。此表明 ,大眼华鳊和伍氏华鳊应该为同一个种。根据国际动物命名法规 ,伍氏华鳊应是大眼华鳊的次定同物异名。     

A catalog of mosquito species (Culicidae family) from the Asian region of Russia

A new checklist of mosquitoes (Culicidae) recorded in the Asian part of Russia includes 79 species. The checklist is provided with taxonomic comments and compared with ones compiled by previous authors. In a comparison to the checklist of Kukharchuk (1980) including 73 species, 10 species are added into the present checklist and 6 species mentioned by this author are excluded, as far they were not actually found in Asian part of Russia. The names of 9 species are chanced according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1966). In the checklist of Stojanovich and Scott (1995) including 64 species, 5 species were included erraneously and 21 species were missed. The classification and valid species names are listed according to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Knight, Stone, 1977) and its supplements (Knight, 1978; Ward, 1984, 1992; Gaffigan, Ward, 1985), except 5 species. These species (Aedes implicatus, Ae. esoensis, Ae. rossicus, Ae. albescens, Ae. subdiversus) are considered in the comments to the checklist.