绞股蓝对人体血小板聚集功能及微循环的影响

绞股蓝[Gynostemma Pentaphyl lum(Thunb)Makino]为葫芦科绞股蓝属多年生草质藤本植物湖北郧阳地区有广泛分布,质量较上乘,含有人体必需的微量元素如锌、硒、钙、铁等.1983年日木常松等先后对绞股蓝进行了一系列化学研究,从中分离得出许多种皂甙及多糖,可视为原人参醇或     

广西绞股蓝属的生态分布及资源利用

本文报道了广西绞股蓝属的种类调查研究概况,并分析了广西绞股蓝属的生态条件和地理分布,为绞股蓝属的资源开发利用提供参考。本属在广西有5种,即广西绞股蓝、扁果绞股蓝、光叶绞股蓝、长梗绞股蓝。     

绞股蓝属三种植物的POD、EST和SOD同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对绞股蓝属的五柱绞股蓝、广西绞股蓝和绞股蓝3种植物的POD、EST和SOD同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,3种绞股蓝的3种同工酶谱带不同。3种同工酶在广西绞股蓝上表现最强。3种同工酶在同一物种不同器官中的表达具有一定差异,以叶中的表达最强,茎次之,根最弱。由同工酶推断的3种绞股蓝的亲缘关系为绞股蓝与广西绞股蓝亲缘关系较近,与五柱绞股蓝亲缘关系较远。     

广西绞股蓝属的生态分布及资源利用

本文报道了广西绞股蓝属的种类调查研究概况,并分析了广西纹股蓝属的生态条件和地理分布,为绞股蓝属的资源开发利用提供参考。本属在广西有5种,即广西绞股蓝、扁果绞股蓝、光叶绞股蓝、长梗绞股蓝。     

绞股蓝拾零

绞股蓝为葫芦科绞股蓝属Gynostemma植物,据吴征镒等(1983)的研究,该属我国产11种2变种,至今又发现4个新种,共15种2变种。即:单叶绞股蓝G.simplicifolium、光叶绞股蓝G.laxum、缅甸绞股蓝G.burmanicum、大果绞股蓝变种G.burmanicum var.molle、绞股蓝G.pentaphyllum、毛果绞股蓝(变种)G.pentaphyllum var.dasycarpum、     

温度对绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长及总皂苷积累的影响

温度是影响绞股蓝生长发育和总皂苷积累的重要环境因子之一。将绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝幼苗置于10、15、20、25℃和30℃的光照培养箱中处理40d,检测其形态指标和总皂苷含量。结果表明:在25℃条件下,绞股蓝的叶面积、叶柄长、茎长、新萌叶片数、生物量和总叶绿素含量均为最高,五柱绞股蓝的生长发育也具有类似的规律,因此推断25℃是绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长发育的适温条件。绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝的总皂苷含量则以30℃下最高。绞股蓝的生物量和总皂苷含量决定了总皂苷产量,25～30℃最有利于提高绞股蓝的总皂苷产量,30℃则是提高五柱绞股蓝总皂苷产量的最适温度。     

Effects of temperature on growth and total gypenosides accumulation in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gynostemma pentagynum

温度是影响绞股蓝生长发育和总皂苷积累的重要环境因子之一.将绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝幼苗置于10、15、20、25 ℃和30 ℃的光照培养箱中处理40 d,检测其形态指标和总皂苷含量.结果表明:在25 ℃条件下,绞股蓝的叶面积、叶柄长、茎长、新萌叶片数、生物量和总叶绿素含量均为最高,五柱绞股蓝的生长发育也具有类似的规律,因此推断25 ℃是绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长发育的适温条件.绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝的总皂苷含量则以30 ℃下最高.绞股蓝的生物量和总皂苷含量决定了总皂苷产量,25～30 ℃最有利于提高绞股蓝的总皂苷产量,30 ℃则是提高五柱绞股蓝总皂苷产量的最适温度.     

神龙胶囊的临床应用

随着生活水平的挺高,人们对健体延寿的愿望与日俱增,众多的强体抗衰老的制剂相继而出。在国外称之为“中国神草”、国内又有南方“人参”“长寿福音草”之称的绞股蓝开发利用中,中国蛇协蛇毒研究所与中国人民解放军蛇毒临床应用研究中心合作研制的“神龙胶囊”应用于临床,对防治高血脂症、高血粘血症、心脑血管病及抗衰老等有显著疗效,是具强筋养脑、健体益寿之效的保健新药.神龙胶囊是用绞股蓝提取的精品绞股蓝皂甙与被称为“小龙”的精制“蛇肉干粉末”等中药配制而成的胃溶胶囊剂,故命名为“神龙胶囊”。绞股蓝[Gynostemma Pentaphyllum(Thunb)Makino]为葫芦科,属多年生草质藤本植物,日本称之为甘茶蔓。全世界目前已知绞股蓝有13种,我国占11种,盛产于陕西、广西、湖北、     

海南岛绞股蓝属植物中总氨基酸分析

应用日立８３５５０型氨基酸自动分析仪对海南岛不同生境绞股蓝属５种植物中的总氨基酸组分进行了含量测定与比值分析。结果表明：绞股蓝（５４．１１％）＞单叶绞股蓝（５３．８０％）＞光叶绞股蓝（４４．９８％）＞喙果绞股蓝（３５．５８％）＞毛果绞股蓝（１７．５０％）。各种样品均含有１７种氨基酸,Ｇｌｕ、Ｓｅｒ、Ｇｌｙ和Ａｓｐ含量最高,Ｍｅｔ、Ｃｙｓ、Ｈｉｓ偏低;栽培的高于野生的,量值相比变化范围达０．７％～２．７０９％;５种绞股蓝游离氨基酸定量分析结果,以单叶绞股蓝和绞股蓝含量最高（１３．４０５％、１２．９０４％）、喙果绞股蓝与光叶绞股蓝居中（１１．４８％、１１．１６３％）、毛果绞股蓝稍为偏低（７．６８０％）。     

“南方人参”绞股蓝的栽培和利用

绞股蓝[Gynostemma penlaphyllum(Thunb)Makino]是葫芦科的一种多年生草质藤本植物.植物体内含有近六十种皂甙,这些皂甙能与人体内多余的脂肪相结合,有很强的去除胆固醇能力,使酸性血液转变为碱性,改善人体内的液体环境,对提高人体的抗病能力有很大作用,对于癌变肿瘤的增殖、扩大、转移有明显的抑制作用.其中绞股蓝皂     

Biochemical composition of stigmatic exudate of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms

The stigmatic exudate of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms is moderately soluble in water, but is readily soluble in 80% ethanol. Soluble sugars, fructose, sucrose, total phenol, hydroxy phenol, free amino acids, soluble proteins and free fatty acids were found in the exudate. The exudate is devoid of organic acids and alkaloids, while proteins, soluble sugars, free fatty acids and free amino acids were the principal constituents. The stigma possesses detectable quantities of these compounds and shows a progressive increase in the amount of these substances up to the stage just prior to anthesis. The ultraviolet absorption profile of the stigmatic exudate in ethanol shows characteristic absorption peaks and bathochromatic shifts on addition of NaOH. The peaks probably correspond to those of simple phenolic compounds.     

铁皮石斛醇溶性浸出物和六类物质的动态变化研究

为了解不同生长期铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)化学成分的变化,对茎、叶醇溶性浸出物、多酚、黄酮、三萜类、有机酸、氨基酸、糖含量进行了测定。结果表明,从2015年9月至2016年9月,茎的醇溶性浸出物总量及六类物质含量呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,在春末夏初时达到最低,而叶片中各成分的变化未体现一致性规律。六类物质中以小分子的糖含量最高,其次是三萜类和有机酸。茎的醇溶性浸出物总量与多糖含量呈显著负相关;而叶的相关性不显著。这些为评估铁皮石斛质量和确定采收期提供科学依据。     

Salicylic acid-induced adaptive response to copper stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The ameliorative effect of salicylic acid (SA: 0.5 mM) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Cu stress (5 mg l⁻¹) was studied. Excess Cu reduced the fresh and dry weights of different organs (roots, stems and leaves) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in four-week-old plants. There was a considerable increase in Chl a/b ratio and lipid peroxidation in both the roots and leaves of plants under excess Cu. Soluble sugars and free amino acids in the roots also decreased under Cu stress. However, soluble sugars in the leaves, free amino acids in the stems and leaves, and proline content in all plant organs increased in response to Cu toxicity. Salicylic acid (SA) significantly reduced the Chl a/b ratio and the level of lipid peroxidation in Cu-stressed plants. Under excess Cu, a higher accumulation of soluble sugars, soluble proteins and free amino acids including proline occurred in plants treated with 0.5 mM SA. Exogenous application of SA appeared to induce an adaptive response to Cu toxicity including the accumulation of organic solutes leading to protective reactions to the photosynthetic pigments and a reduction in membrane damage in sunflower.     

New procedure for isolation of amino acids based on selective hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives

A rapid procedure for the isolation of amino acids from physiological fluids by class separation suitable for gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis is described. A physiological fluid such as plasma is adjusted to pH 2 and extracted with diethyl ether to remove organic acids and neutrals. After precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid, the aqueous plasma is dried and derivatized by trimethylsilylation. Organic compounds like sugars and amino acids are rendered soluble in petroleum ether leaving inorganic salts when the soluble layer is transferred. Separation of sugars from amino acids is achieved by taking advantage of the different rates of aqueous hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. Mixing the petroleum ether extract with a small volume of water results in two phases. The petroleum ether layer contains TMS-sugar constituents of plasma and the aqueous layer contains free amino acids and amines. This procedure was used to isolate L-dopa, 3-O-methyldopa and tyrosine from human plasma in a quantitation assay using ¹⁵O-labelled amino acids and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.     

Organic substances responsible for salt tolerance inEruca sativa

Responses of a salt tolerant and a normal population of an oilseed crop,Eruca sativa Mill. were assessed after four weeks growth in sand culture salinized with 0 (control), 100, 200, or 300 mol m^?3 NaCl. The salt tolerant plants produced significantly greater dry biomass than the normal population. The populations did not differ significantly in leaf osmotic potential, relative water content and leaf soluble proteins. However, the tolerant population accumulated significantly greater amounts of soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids in the leaves compared with the non-tolerant population. It is established that leaf soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids are important components of salt tolerance inEruca sativa.     

Diurnal variations in growth rate and growth substrate levels of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under nitrogen-limiting conditions

Spinach plants were grown in hydroponic culture provided with variable limiting amounts of N. During a complete diurnal cycle, growth of the root and shoot parts, as well as levels of soluble and insoluble sugars and of free amino acids, were monitored. No clear relationship could be detected between the level of N feeding and the levels of free sugars and amino acids. Analysis of variance revealed that the variances in the relative growth rates of plant root and shoot could be correlated with the levels of sugars and amino acids. Root amino acid concentration could be correlated with shoot amino acid concentration and root sugar concentration. No relationship was found between the variances in root and shoot free sugar concentrations.     

Comparative biochemical profiling during the stages of acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

In this study, the different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were characterized biochemically. The total soluble sugars, starch, total free amino acids, and total proteins were extracted, identified and quantified at various stages of embryogenesis: zygotic embryos (initial explants), primary calluses, embryogenic calluses, calluses with pro-embryos, globular embryos, differentiated somatic embryos, and regenerated plants. It was found that at the onset of induction of SE, the level of soluble sugars in the tissues of the explants fell by half. During this period, the total soluble sugars present in the cultures consisted basically of glucose and fructose. In the process of regeneration and maturation, the concentrations of soluble sugars gradually increased, reaching the highest values in the last two stages of development. At this stage, the disaccharide sucrose accounts for more than 80 % of the composition of total soluble sugars in the explants. Compared to starch, we found that the concentrations thereof in developing tissues are inversely proportional to that of soluble sugars virtually throughout embryogenic development. As for free amino acids, we found that after 30 days of induction until formation of the embryogenic calluses, there is an accentuated synthesis of total free amino acids in the explant tissue. In this stage, there was a significant increase in the levels of alanine and serine in the tissues. However, after the formation of the embryogenic calluses, the levels of total free amino acids present in the cultures become stabile and remain constant until the end of cultivation. Similar results were found for total protein, which also showed a significant increase at the onset of induction, undergoing slight changes during the remainder of the cultivation.     

The Utilization of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Reserves in the Spring Growth of Lilac

The spring flush of growth and the utilization of reserve materials in this growth was studied in lilac plants 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after bud break. The influence of nitrogen applied the previous season on the storage and utilization of carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves was determined. The plants were separated into buds, stems and roots and analyzed for changes in total available carbohydrates, sugars, hemi-celluloses, total nitrogen, basic and non-basic amino acids and organic acids. The bulk of the carbohydrate reserves occurred as soluble sugars in the roots, although the reserves of sugars and hemicellulose in the stem was important during the first two weeks after bud break. The bulk of the nitrogen reserves were stored as non-basic amino acids in the stems and roots. However, the roots of plants grown under high nitrogen levels contained twice us much total nitrogen as roots grown under low nitrogen. This additional nitrogen which was stored in the roots of high nitrogen plants was released as arginine. The dry weight of buds increased 3–10 fold during the initial two week period and during the next four weeks doubled again. This bud growth was correlated with the stored nitrogen reserves. The high nitrogen plants grew twice as much and utilized more of the reserve carbohydrates in spring growth than low nitrogen plants. Carbohydrates were synthesized in this new growth and the high nitrogen plants utilized this carbohydrate for additional growth while low nitrogen plants transported it to the stems and roots.     

不同生育期花生渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性对土壤水分的响应

通过防雨棚池栽试验,以不同花生品种为试材,研究了不同生育时期非充分灌溉对花生品种各生育期叶片膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,苗期和花针期灌水,叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和丙二醛(MDA)含量均有不同程度的降低.随生育期推进和土壤水分降低,其活性升高,但升幅因品种、抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质类型有异,两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(Pr)、游离氨基酸(AA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均以对水分最为敏感的花针期升幅较大,且花育27号的SOD、CAT、Pr和AA的升幅大于花育20号;结荚期灌水后,各抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质未表现降低.两品种全生育期灌水处理与苗期灌水处理间的抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和MDA含量差异均不显著.水分胁迫初期,抗氧化酶活性升高,但随胁迫时间延长其活性明显降低;而渗透调节物质和MDA含量显著高于各生育期灌水处理.POD活性变化对灌水处理响应较弱,SOD和CAT是花生适应土壤水逆境的主要保护酶.灌水处理对花生叶片抗氧化及渗透调节能力表现为花针期＞结荚期＞苗期,各渗透物质调节能力依次表现为脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质＞可溶性糖＞游离氨基酸.     

Effect of different light intensities on growth,amino-acid,fat and sugar concentrations inCaulerpa prolifera (Foerskal) Lamouroux

The effect of different light intensities on growth, and the amino acid, fat and sugar concentrations ofCaulerpa prolifera (Foerskal) Lamouroux were studied. The results showed that 2,500 lux was the optimum light intensity for growth coupled with a minimum in total free amino acids and maximum in peptides, total soluble sugars and total lipids. Any deviations above or below the optimum light intensity caused a drop in all components studied.