人参皂苷Rg3联合苏拉明通过下调TGF-β1表达抑制小鼠肺癌生长转移

目的:肺癌是严重危害人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,中晚期肺癌以放化疗为主,毒副作用大,观察低毒副作用的人参皂苷Rg3和苏拉明联合对小鼠Lewis肺癌生长转移的抑制作用及机制,为临床安全高效治疗肺癌提供实验资料.方法:将40只接种好Lewis肺癌细胞的C57BL6小鼠随机分为5组,每组8只:A组:对照组、B组:顺铂组、C组:人参皂苷Rg3组、D组:苏拉明组、E组:人参皂苷Rg3联合苏拉明组.接种第4天后开始药物干预,第20天处死,取肺组织,计肺转移结节数,剥离.移植瘤,计瘤重,计算抑瘤率,通过RT-PCR及Western-blot检测移植瘤TGF-β1的mRNA及蛋白的表达.结果:各药物干预组的肺转移结节数及瘤重明显低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),人参皂苷Rg3联合苏拉明组最明显;BCDE各组抑瘤率分别为:(19.69±5.61)％、(35.37±8.97)％、(35.85±7.55)％和(49.39±6.99)％,ABCDE各组的肺转移率分别为100％、100％、100％、87.5％和62.5％;各药物干预组的TGF-β1的mRNA及蛋白的表达均低于对照组(P＜0.01),且人参皂苷Rg3联合苏拉明组TGF-β1的表达明显低于人参皂苷Rg3组和苏拉明组(P＜0.05).结论:人参皂苷Rg3联合苏拉明具有抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌的生长转移作用,对晚期肺癌的抑制可能与下调TGF-β1的表达有关.     

VEGF反义寡核苷酸抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)反义寡核苷酸对C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌肿瘤生长的抑制作用。方法制备C57BL/6小鼠皮下肺癌模型30只,随机分为3组,每组10只VEGF反义寡核苷酸(ASPODN)治疗组、VEGF正义寡核苷酸(SPODN)治疗组及对照组。接种Lewis肺癌细胞后24h内,分别皮下注射ASPODN及SPODN进行治疗,对照组只注射生理盐水,每周2次,连续4周;观察各组小鼠肿瘤的生长情况、游标卡尺测量肿瘤体积大小。所有C57BL/6小鼠于接种后第25天先用二维超声观察肿瘤的实时图象,利用脉冲多普勒获取血流频谱,获得收缩期峰值速度(PS),阻力指数(RI)。断颈处死小鼠,光镜及电镜下观察肿瘤组织形态学改变及超微结构变化,免疫组化法检测微血管密度(MVD)。结果与对照组瘤重比较(7.83±0.78)g、VEGF-ASPODN组(4.49±0.43)g能明显抑制小鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.01)、VEGF-SPODN组(7.73±0.69)g则无明显作用(P>0.05)。VEGF-ASPODN组、VEGF-SPODN组抑瘤率分别为42.7%、5.9%。组织形态学及超微结构观察,VEGF-ASPODN对肿瘤生长具有抑制作用。VEGF-ASPODN组与对照组相比较PS及RI有明显差异(P<0.01);VEGF-SPODN组与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论肿瘤原位注射VEGF反义寡核苷酸能抑制小鼠肺癌生长。     

人血小板生成素cDNA转导抑制小鼠移植肉瘤(S180)的生长

以小鼠肉瘤S180为模型 ,研究人血小板生成素 (TPO)在肿瘤基因治疗方面的价值 .在小鼠接种瘤细胞前 2周 ,或在接种肿瘤细胞同时 ,给小鼠注射 10 0 μgTPO表达质粒 (pcDNA3 hTPO) ,在 2周和 4周时肿瘤平均重量明显小于单纯质粒 (pcDNA3)注射和生理盐水对照组 (提前转导组P <0 0 5 ,同时转导组P >0 0 5 ) .当肿瘤移植量为 1× 10 6时 ,2周时肿瘤的重量依次分别为 1 75 6g、3 6 37g和 3 92 6g ;当肿瘤移植量为 1× 10 5,2周时肿瘤的重量依次分别为 0 5 76g、5 6 1g和 5 84g .在转导基因 2周时 ,移植 1× 10 5肿瘤细胞组有 4 10受试鼠完全未形成肿瘤或肿瘤的生长被中止在早期阶段 .流式细胞分析发现 ,TPO转导后 ,肉瘤内浸润淋巴细胞从以CD8+为主转变为以CD4 +或CD4 +CD8+为主 .不过 ,TPO转导对瘤细胞在体外的增殖无明显改变 .TPO转导鼠的血清对S180细胞在体外的生长速度也无影响 .推测T淋巴细胞参与了TPO基因转导所产生的抗肿瘤作用     

小鼠Lewis肺癌不同部位皮下移植瘤模型的比较

目的探究不同部位肺癌皮下移植瘤存在的差异,为肺癌研究者提供提供基础依据。方法将稳定表达虫萤光素酶的小鼠Lewis肺腺癌细胞(ll2-luc-m38)分别注射于C57 BL/6小鼠的右腋皮下、右腹股沟皮下、脚垫皮下,定期利用小动物活体成像系统观察小鼠皮下移植瘤成瘤情况及转移情况,观察不同部位荷瘤小鼠的生存时间和死亡率,肿瘤组织取材,采用石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色做出病理学诊断。并将小鼠处死后立即进行肺部组织固定、观察转移灶。对皮下移植瘤行切除术观察小鼠术后生存情况和转移情况。结果腋下组和腹股沟组成瘤时间较早,成瘤率为100%,脚垫组成瘤时间较晚,成瘤率为33%;腹股沟组和腋下组瘤体积增长迅速,其中腹股沟组瘤体积增长最快;接种后第21天腋下组70%的小鼠出现了肺转移,转移灶数目较多;腹股沟组50%小鼠出现肺转移,且转移灶数目较少;脚垫组小鼠未观察到肺转移灶。脚垫组小鼠死亡率最高。腹股沟组和腋下组小鼠可行皮下移植瘤切除术,术后存活率为100%。结论小鼠lewis肺癌皮下移植瘤模型中,腹股沟组和腋下组成瘤率高,可耐受移植瘤切除术,手术死亡风险低,便于监测,操作简单且可重复性高,其中腋下组转移性更好。     

人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞在放射线处理的SCID小鼠中转移的实验研究

目的建立人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞SCID(Severe combined immunodeficiency,SCID)小鼠转移动物模型。方法采用人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞悬液,分别接种于5只经放射线处理的SCID小鼠腋背部皮下。记录肿瘤生长情况,处死荷瘤鼠并做病理切片,观察各脏器转移情况。结果接种SCID小鼠后6～10d成瘤,成瘤率为5/5只,潜伏期平均(7.4±1.3)d。接种后5只鼠分别于第60～68天拉颈处死,检测荷瘤,平均直径为(26.6±2.2)mm,平均重量为5.28g。病理学检查,转移脏器有3个部位,出现肺转移的为4/5只、骨转移的为3/5只和淋巴结转移的为1/5只。结论建立了人乳腺癌SCID小鼠转移动物模型,该模型可为肿瘤转移研究提供重要的实验工具。     

小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型的建立

目的利用Matrigel与Lewis制备细胞混悬液注射于小鼠左肺内,建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,评价其肿瘤生长情况、转移情况,以期建立更稳定、更接近于人肺癌生长情况的小鼠肺癌原位模型。方法将处于对数生长期的Lewis肺癌细胞混悬于Matrigel中,接种于C57BL/6近交系小鼠左肺内。分别于第4、7、10、13、16天各处死5只小鼠,观察其局部成瘤率、肿瘤生长情况、中位生存期及肿瘤转移情况,并对各阶段小鼠行肺部,肝脏,肾脏,脾脏病理切片检查。结果术后第7天解剖的5只小鼠中,3只小鼠肺上可见小的瘤结节形成,其余2只肺上未见肉眼成瘤,行病理HE染色检查在显微镜下可见2只小鼠肺脏有小的瘤结节形成。术后第10天以后处死的所有小鼠肺上均有肉眼成瘤,术后第13天,所有小鼠肺原位成瘤并伴有血性胸腔积液、胸腔内转移。术后第25天,有1只小鼠出现上述转移的同时还出现了心包膜转移及肾脏远处转移。5只小鼠生存期分别为17 d、20 d、22 d、22 d、25 d,小鼠中位生存期为21.2 d（17~25 d）。成瘤率100%。结论利用Matrigel法成功建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,稳定性好,成瘤率高,并具有远处转移的特性,更接近于人肺癌的发生、发展过程。     

单基因和双基因联合治疗对小鼠B16-F10黑色素瘤生长抑制作用研究

目的研究阳离子脂质体介导mGM-csf和mFlt-kdr3基因治疗以及2个基因联合治疗对小鼠B16-F10黑色素瘤肺转移以及实体瘤的生长抑制作用。方法通过尾静脉注射法和皮下注射法分别将10~5个以及10~6个对数生长期黑色素瘤细胞注入BALB/c小鼠体内,构建小鼠肺转移模型和腋下实体瘤模型。将2组模型小鼠分别分成5组:mFlt-kdr3治疗组、mGM-csf治疗组、联合治疗组(1次mFlt-kdr3,2次mGM-csf)、H1299脂质体质粒对照组和生理盐水对照组。肺转移模型小鼠建模3周后,尾静脉给药治疗,每次给药80μL,每次间隔1 d,共3次。完成后3 d,解剖取出小鼠肺组织并对肿瘤灶进行计数、苏木精-伊红染色。实体瘤模型小鼠在建模1周后开始瘤体穿刺给药,每次给药25μL,每次间隔1 d,共9次,每次给药前用游标卡尺测量瘤体的长、短径。结果肺转移治疗实验中,治疗组平均肿瘤个数显著少于对照组(P<0.05),且联合治疗组肿瘤个数最少,并且肺部结构完整,基本未见明显的肿瘤灶,可以看到明显的肺泡结构。实体瘤模型实验中,治疗组瘤体平均体积显著小于对照组(P<0.05),且在观察的时间内联合治疗组瘤体平均体积呈现明显的下降趋势,治疗组的疗效价值为联合治疗组>mFlt-kdr3治疗组>mGM-csf治疗组。结论GM-csf和Flt-kdr3基因药物对黑色素瘤具有协同治疗效用,可以明显抑制肺部肿瘤灶的形成和实体瘤的生长。     

艾氏腹水癌克隆细胞株E2G8建立小鼠动物模型生物学特性研究

目的　比较不同品种 (系 )小鼠接种E2G8细胞株的某些生物学特性。方法　将E2G8细胞稀释成不同浓度 ,接种KM、DBA 2、6 15、C57BL 6及BALB c小鼠皮下或腹腔 ,观察小鼠出现可见肿块 腹水时间及小鼠生存时间 ;测量肿块直径 (cm)及瘤重 ;荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺 (CTX) ,观察E2G8细胞肿瘤模型对CTX治疗的敏感性。结果　E2G8接种BALB c、6 15小鼠皮下毒性最大 ,DBA 2、C57BL 6小鼠次之 ,接种KM小鼠皮下毒性最小 ;接种DBA 2、C57BL 6、6 15小鼠腹腔毒性较大 ,致死性高 ,对BALB c和KM小鼠的致死性弱 ;E2G8瘤细胞在KM和 4种纯系小鼠皮下均能很好生长肿瘤 ,其中在KM小鼠皮下肿瘤生长最大 ,在BALB c小鼠皮下肿瘤最小 ;KM、C57BL 6、6 15、DBA 2、BALB c小鼠皮下接种瘤细胞第 12天瘤重分别为 (2 4 0± 1 30 ) ,(0 90± 0 4 8) ,(1 2 0± 0 38) ,(1 10± 0 2 9) ,(0 80± 0 30 )g ;E2G8细胞接种 5个不同品种 (系 )小鼠制备的肿瘤模型 ,用CTX治疗 ,抑瘤率由高到低依次为6 6 7% (6 15 ) ,5 5 0 % (BALB c) ,5 3 3% (C57BL 6 ) ,5 0 % (KM) ,36 4 (DBA 2 ) ,其中 6 15小鼠建立的模型对CTX的治疗最敏感。结论　E2G8细胞株接种 5个不同品种 (系 )小鼠 ,所测生物学特性不完全相同 ,但是从腹腔 皮下接种、CTX     

MTHF对C57BL/6鼠Lewis肺癌细胞生长的影响

通过观察MTHF纯体对C57BL/6鼠移植瘤细胞生长的影响,初步探讨MTHF抗肿瘤作用的机理。将42只接种Lewis肺癌LL2细胞的C57BL/6鼠随机分成对照组、MTHF组和顺铂组。分别处理后观察各组肿瘤生长情况,于接种22 d后处死荷瘤鼠,收集肿瘤标本后测量瘤体质量,并进行电镜以及组织学分析,通过免疫组化检测肿瘤组织PCNA、Bcl-2及Bax的表达。结果表明MTHF组、顺铂组抑瘤率分别为46.2%、54.5%。电镜显示MTHF组出现细胞凋亡。MTHF处理Lewis肺癌细胞后,PCNA和Bcl-2基因下调,Bax基因上调。MTHF可显著抑制C57BL/6鼠移植瘤肺癌细胞的生长,其机制可能与诱导Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖有关,是一种有前景的抗肿瘤药物。     

A549人肺癌细胞系/615-SCID小鼠转移瘤的生物学特征

目的通过建立A549人肺腺癌细胞/615-SCID小鼠模型,评价重度联合免疫缺陷615-SCID小鼠在建立人类肺癌转移模型方面的应用价值.方法将1×107A549细胞接种到615-SCID及SCID小鼠右上肢背部皮下,观察成瘤时间、成瘤率、肿瘤生长速度及转移发生.结果两品系小鼠接种后的成瘤率均为100%,615-SCID小鼠移植瘤潜伏期较长、生长较缓慢,更容易发生转移.结论 615-SCID小鼠比SCID小鼠更易于构建人类肺腺癌转移模型,对于肺癌转移特性研究具有较大的意义.     

Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta promotes tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma by induction of angiogenic factors: in vivo analysis of tumor-stromal interaction

Inflammatory conditions are associated with tumor development. IL-1beta is a multifunctional and proinflammatory cytokine that affects nearly all types of cells. To investigate the role of IL-1beta in tumor growth in vivo, we transduced the retroviral vector coding human IL-1beta gene into mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and subsequently inoculated the transformant (LLC/IL-1beta) to syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Tumors derived from LLC/IL-1beta grew faster (240%, day 18, vs null-vector control LLC/neo; p < 0.01) and showed more abundant vasculature (250%, vs LLC/neo; p < 0.05), whereas LLC/IL-1beta cells, LLC/neo cells, and wild-type LLC cells did not show any significant difference in the growth rate in vitro. As compared with LLC/neo cells, LLC/IL-1beta cells secreted 2-fold the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor and >10-fold the amount of macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (CXCL2), one of whose main functions is angiogenesis. Although LLC/IL-1beta itself did not secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the tumor derived from LLC/IL-1beta cells also contained a >4-fold higher concentration of HGF, another angiogenic factor. In situ hybridization of HGF mRNA in LLC/IL-1beta tumor sections demonstrated that stromal fibroblasts and infiltrating cells overexpressed HGF mRNA. Moreover, when cultured in the presence of HGF in vitro, LLC/IL-1beta cells secreted even larger amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2. The antiangiogenic agent TNP-470 and anti-CXCR2 Ab inhibited the tumor growth of LLC/IL-1beta cells in vivo. These results indicated that secreting IL-1beta into the tumor milieu induces several angiogenic factors from tumor and stromal cells and thus promotes tumor growth through hyperneovascularization.     

In vivo effects of recombinant human interleukin 6, alone or in combination with local irradiation, on tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice

Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice were used as a mouse model to evaluate effects of recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL) 6 and local X-irradiation (LR) on the growth of primary tumors and lung metastases. Mice were inoculated s.c. with LLC tumor cells and then treated with rhIL-6 (100 ng/dose) s.c. twice a day (b.i.d.) for 5 days, beginning 6 days after tumor inoculation. LR (800 cGy) was administered to the site of the primary tumor 6 days after tumor inoculation and again 1 wk later. Mice were then observed for survival or sacrificed at day 21 after tumor inoculation to determine size of primary tumor, numbers and size of lung metastases, and other hematological parameters including numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-gm). The size of the primary tumor and numbers of lung metastases were reduced by rhIL-6. LR enhanced the antitumor effect of rhIL-6 significantly, while LR alone had only a slight antitumor effect. Tumor-associated increases in peripheral blood, femoral marrow, splenic-nucleated cellularity, and marrow and splenic CFU-gm were reduced in mice treated with rhIL-6 plus LR. Prolonged survival time was observed only in tumor-bearing mice treated with rhIL-6 in combination with LR. The antitumor effects in vivo of rhIL-6 appear to be mediated indirectly as rhIL-6 had no effect on proliferation of LLC cells in vitro as assessed by colony and 3H-thymidine incorporation assays. These studies suggest that rhIL-6 may have therapeutic value in the treatment of certain malignancies, especially if used in combination with LR.     

蜂毒素通过下调F2RL1表达从而遏制胶质瘤细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤增殖的机制

摘要 目的：探讨蜂毒素通过下调F2RL1表达从而遏制胶质瘤细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤增殖的机制。方法：40只雄性 NOD/SCID小鼠（5周龄,15-18 g）购自北京维塔河实验动物技术公司。实验前,让小鼠适应环境一周。NOD/SCID 小鼠在右侧海马体中注射了2×10⁵ U87-MG细胞建立异种移植模型。当肿瘤体积增长到100 mm³时,将小鼠随机分为模型组（空腹注射生理盐水）和蜂毒素组（腹腔注射5 mg/kg 蜂毒素）,每组20只小鼠。在第5天(注射的第5天)、第10天、第15天每次处死5只小鼠,通过实时PCR分析小鼠肿瘤组织中F2RL1、Bcl-2、Bax和Capase-3的mRNA表达。使用卡尺测量荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积,使用电子天平对肿瘤组织进行称重测量。通过蛋白印迹分析肿瘤组织中p-PI3K、p-AKT 和p-mTOR的蛋白表达。通过TUNEL染色检测人脑肿瘤中凋亡细胞的百分比。结果：蜂毒素组F2RL1 mRNA表达较模型组降低（P<0.05）,蜂毒素抑制F2RL1 mRNA表达。第5 d、10 d和15 d测得肿瘤体积发现蜂毒素肿瘤体积较模型组减小（P<0.05）。第5 d、10 d和15 d测得肿瘤体积发现蜂毒素肿瘤重量较模型组减轻（P<0.05）。蜂毒素组p-PI3K、p-AKT 和p-mTOR的蛋白表达较模型组降低（P<0.05）。蜂毒素组Bax和Capase-3的mRNA表达较模型组降低（P<0.05）,蜂毒素组Bcl-2 mRNA表达较模型组升高（P<0.05）。蜂毒素组TUNEL阳性细胞的百分比较较模型组升高（P<0.05）。结论：蜂毒素通过下调肿瘤小鼠体内F2RL1表达抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路激活,促进了体内肿瘤细胞凋亡,从而有效抑制经胶质瘤细胞的生长、增殖。     

Model for mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic intrapulmonary implantation of lung cancer cells in mice

This study is designed to establish a pulmonary tumor model to investigate the biology and therapy of lung cancer in mice. Current methods for forming a solitary intrapulmonary nodule and subsequent metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes are not well defined. Lewis lung carcinoma cell (LLC) suspensions were orthotopically introduced into the lung parenchyma of C57/BL6 mice via a limited skin incision without thoracotomy followed by direct puncture through the intercostal space. The implantation process was performed within approximately 50 sec per mouse, and the operative mortality was less than 5%. Single pulmonary nodules developed at the implanted site in 93% of animals and subsequent mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were observed in all mice that were succeeded to form a lung nodule after intrapulmonary implantation. The size of tumor nodule and the weight of mediastinal lymph node increased in a time-dependent manner. The mean survival time of mice implanted successfully with LLC cells was 21 +/- 2 days (range; 19-24 days). Histopathological analysis revealed that no metastatic tumor was detectable in the mediastinal lymph nodes on day 11, but metastatic foci at mediastinal lymph nodes were clearly observed on days 17 and 21 after implantation. Other metastases in distant organs or lymph nodes were not observed at 21 days after the implantation. Comparative studies with intrapleural and intravenous injections of LLC cells suggest that the mediastinal lymph node metastasis by intrapulmonary implantation is due to the release of tumor cells from the primary nodule, and not due to extrapulmonary leakage of cells. An intravenous administration of CDDP on day 1 after tumor implantation tended to suppress the primary tumor nodule and significantly inhibited the lymph node metastasis. Thus, a solitary pulmonary tumor nodule model with lymph node metastasis approximates clinical lung cancer, and may provide a useful basis for lung cancer research.     

Therapeutic Non-Toxic Doses of TNF Induce Significant Regression in TNFR2-p75 Knockdown Lewis Lung Carcinoma Tumor Implants

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) binds to two receptors: TNFR1/p55-cytotoxic and TNFR2/p75-pro-survival. We have shown that tumor growth in p75 knockout (KO) mice was decreased more than 2-fold in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCs). We hypothesized that selective blocking of TNFR2/p75 LLCs may sensitize them to TNF-induced apoptosis and affect the tumor growth. We implanted intact and p75 knockdown (KD)-LLCs (>90%, using shRNA) into wild type (WT) mice flanks. On day 8 post-inoculation, recombinant murine (rm) TNF-α (12.5 ng/gr of body weight) or saline was injected twice daily for 6 days. Tumor volumes (tV) were measured daily and tumor weights (tW) on day 15, when study was terminated due to large tumors in LLC+TNF group. Tubular bones, spleens and peripheral blood (PB) were examined to determine possible TNF toxicity. There was no significant difference in tV or tW between LLC minus (-) TNF and p75KD/LLC-TNF tumors. Compared to 3 control groups, p75KD/LLC+TNF showed >2-5-fold decreases in tV (p<0.001) and tW (p<0.0001). There was no difference in tV or tW end of study vs. before injections in p75KD/LLC+TNF group. In 3 other groups tV and tW were increased 2.7-4.5-fold (p<0.01, p<0.0002 and p<0.0001). Pathological examination revealed that 1/3 of p75KD/LLC+rmTNF tumors were 100% necrotic, the remaining revealed 40-60% necrosis. No toxicity was detected in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. We concluded that blocking TNFR2/p75 in LLCs combined with intra-tumoral rmTNF injections inhibit LLC tumor growth. This could represent a novel and effective therapy against lung neoplasms and a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics.     

Infradian rhythmicity in egg production features in relation to antioxidant profiles of Rhode Island Red (RIR) birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal during summer stress

Egg production features viz. weekly hen day and egg weight together with some stress markers were studied in RIR birds reared under backyard in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal. Overall, weekly hen day average and egg weight in summer was 3.39 ± 0.09 and 45.13 ± 0.24 g, respectively. But the pattern of egg production in various zones is not same, as significant egg production difference (P ≤ 0.01) among zones was noticed in summer, from 26th to 37th week. There was significant (P ≤ 0.01) correlation between weekly hen day average and egg weight on 26th, 35th and 37th week (P ≤ 0.05). The observed overall level of antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD (U/g of Hb), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (μmol/L), TAS (mmol/L) and LDH (IU/L) were 0.56 ± 0.61, 565.15 ± 0.61, 1.43 ± 0.61 and 203.05 ± 0.61, respectively, irrespective of zones. It was observed that mean concentration of SOD, GHS-Px, TAS and LDH of RIR birds reared at backyard have positive association with weekly hen day average and average egg weight throughout summer stress. The current findings showed that RIR birds reared at backyard had better adaptation ability to summer stress in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal.     

Lack of cell-cycle-specific effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in vivo

Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that tumor cells arrested in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle expressed an increased sensitivity to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The scope of the present study was to investigate whether this cycle dependence of TNF effects also exists in vivo. The experiments were performed by using the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), which had been allotransplanted to nude mice. In order to induce delays of the tumor cell cycle in G2, the animals were treated with etoposide (40 mg/kg body weight i.p.) or with local radiation (15 Gy), each increasing the G2 fraction of the LLC from 10% to 35% and 50% respectively. For combination therapy with recombinant (r)TNF, the tumor was transplanted to four groups of six mice each, one of them serving as a control group the others being treated either with a G2 inductor alone, with rTNF alone, or with rTNF and a G2 inductor combined. Administration of rTNF (125 or 250 g/kg body weight i.v.) was always carried out 24 h after therapy with etoposide or radiation when the maximum of G2 accumulation had developed. The growth behavior of the treated tumors revealed that the response of the LLC to rTNF in vivo was not improved by pretreatment with a G2 inductor and, thus, obviously lacked cell-cycle specificity. It is supposed that direct interactions of TNF with the tumor cells, which are a basic requirement for cell-cycle-linked phenomena, play a minor role in the therapeutic outcome of the LLC under in vivo conditions.     

Insight into the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Action of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide,a Heart Derived Peptide Hormone: Involvement of COX-2, MMPs,and NF-kB Pathways

We sought to determine the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute and chronic skin inflammatory mice model. ANP treatment (2 μg/kg body weight/day/i.p. for acute and 0.5 μg/kg body weight/day/i.p. for chronic inflammatory study) was started after 30 min of TPA application. The standard drug, aspirin (ASP) (20 μg/kg body weight/day/i.p.; 10 μg/kg body weight/day/i.p., respectively) was used as a positive control for the both acute and chronic study. TPA alone treated mice exhibited a marked increase in the ear length (7 ± 0.08 vs. 13 ± 0.7 mm, p < 0.001) as well as in ear weight (80 ± 1.3 vs. 130 ± 1.5 mg, p < 0.001) as compared with control mice. Upon treatment with ANP, the increased ear length and weight were reverted back to near normal level. Similarly, ANP treatment markedly suppressed the TPA-induced chronic skin inflammatory lesion (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.95 ± 0.05, p < 0.001) as compared with TPA-induced mouse skin. TPA-induced alterations in the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total white blood cell (TWBC), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (p < 0.01, respectively) were reverted back to near normal levels. The results of the present study clearly show the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of ANP, which is comparable with that of a standard drug, ASP. Our results suggest that ANP elicits its anti-inflammatory activity by down-regulating the expressions of NPR-A, COX-2, MMPs and NF-κB.     

Systemic targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of high-grade osteosarcoma in nude mice with a tumor-selective strain of Salmonella typhymurium

We report here a new targeting strategy for primary bone tumor and lung metastasis with a modified auxotrophic strain of Salmonella typhimurium. We have previously developed the genetically-modified strain of S. typhimurium, selected for tumor targeting and therapy in vivo. Normal tissue is cleared of these bacteria even in immunodeficient athymic mice with no apparent side effects. In this study, the tumor-targeting strain of S. typhimurium, termed A1-R, was administered i.v. to nude mice which have primary bone tumor and lung metastasis. Primary bone tumor was obtained by orthotopic intratibial injection of 5 x 105 143B-RFP (red fluorescent protein) human osteosarcoma cells. One group of mice was treated with A1-R expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein) and another group was used a as control. A1-R (5 x 107 colony-forming units) was injected in the tail vein three times on weekly basis. On day 28, lung samples were excised and observed with the Olympus OV100 Small Animal Imaging System. The size of the primary tumor and RFP intensity of lung metastasis were measured. Primary bone tumor size (fluorescence area [mm2]) was 232 ± 70 in the untreated group and 95 ± 23 in the treated group (P     

具有pH响应及细胞核靶向功能的胶束的体内抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的:研究具有pH响应性及细胞核靶向功能的,由细胞穿透肽Tat修饰的聚乙二醇-聚己内酯共聚物胶束(PECL/DA-Tat-M)的体内抗肿瘤活性。方法:用溶剂挥发法制备了胶束,通过透射电镜(TEM)观察胶束形貌和大小。考察在不同pH条件下胶束的药物释放行为。在Bal b/c雌性小鼠的乳腺脂肪垫注射鼠源4T1乳腺癌细胞,建立小鼠乳腺癌原位模型,通过尾静脉向荷瘤小鼠注射具有pH响应及细胞核靶向功能的载药胶束。记录18天治疗期内肿瘤的体积、小鼠体重以及存活率的变化情况,并进行肿瘤组织的免疫组化研究。结果:TEM结果显示PECL/DA-Tat-M胶束呈球形结构,粒径在80 nm左右。在72小时内,胶束在pH 5.0条件释放80%的药物,而在pH 7.4条件下仅释放11%的药物。PECL/DA-Tat-M胶束组小鼠的肿瘤生长最缓慢,在治疗第18天,非靶向胶束(PECL-M)组肿瘤体积为0.82 cm3,PECL/DA-Tat-M组的肿瘤体积仅有0.51 cm3。生理盐水(Saline)组和空白胶束(PECL/DA-Tat-blank M)组的小鼠的肿瘤生长较为迅速,体积分别是PECL/DA-Tat-M胶束组肿瘤体积的4.43倍和3.76倍,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);各组小鼠经过治疗后体重均呈现出上升趋势;治疗期后第42天,PECL/DA-Tat-M胶束组和非靶向胶束(PECL-M)组小鼠的存活率分别为60%和40%,其他组的小鼠均在39天内全部死亡(n=5);肿瘤组织免疫组化分析结果表明PECL/DA-Tat-M载药胶束能有效抑制肿瘤生长,其抑瘤率(IR)、及肿瘤细胞凋亡率(AR)明显高于其他组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:具有pH响应及细胞核靶向功能的胶束(PECL/DA-Tat-M)具有良好的体内抗乳腺癌活性。