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1.
Callus cultures and cell suspension cultures derived from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves produced ginkgolidc B. In cell suspension cultures, the production reached a maximum by the 13th day of subculture and followed by a sharp decrease. The medium of Murashige and Skoog induced the highest ginkgolide B content in cultures while the medium of Schenk and Hildebrandt promoted cell growth. For the maximal production of ginkgolide B, cells were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium modified to contain 1.0 mg/l of -naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.1 mg/1 of kinetin, 30 g/1 sucrose and 1.25 mM potassium phosphate with a molar ratio of ammonium to nitrate ions of 1 3.Abbreviations B5
Gamborg et al (1968) medium
- GKB
Ginkgolide B
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic aicd
- SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium 相似文献
2.
Somatic embryos were initiated from 12 to 15 weeks postanthesis (WPA) zygotic embryos of Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood) cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) or Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium amended with either 3 mg/L 2,4-D or 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin. White, opaque globular and early cotyledonary stage embryos were formed directly on detached cotyledons from 2 of the 5 trees sampled after 7 weeks of culture. Morphologically mature embryos developed after an additional 4 weeks incubation on medium without growth regulators; however, many of the embryos were fused in pairs along the entire length of the hypocotyl-radicle axis. Indirect embryogenesis was observed from callus cultures initiated from 9 to 15 WPA zygotic embryos. These cultures have continued to produce embryos for 16 months. Many of the embryos formed roots on germination medium, but only 12% formed plantlets and none developed past the first true leaf stage.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- FPA
Formalin-propionic acid-ethanol (50%)
- WPA
weeks post-anthesis 相似文献
3.
Root, hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) CV. Sahyadri were aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (MS) containing BAP and kinetin. Multiple shoot regeneration was induced from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants while root explants produced only callus on MS medium supplemented with BAP. BAP (1 mg l-1) was optimum for shoot regeneration. Regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium without auxins, with auxins and with increasing concentrations of sucrose for rooting. Complete plantlets were obtained in all cases; however, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA was the best for induction of roots. Ninety-seven per cent of the plantlets survived and completed their life cycle when transferred to natural conditions.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylamino purine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid 相似文献
4.
Transformed root cultures of Coluria geoides Ledeb. were established with the use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. Both normal and transformed root cultures were investigated for their growth and yield of eugenol. Normal roots were grown in B5 medium-supplemented with 0.2 mg l-1 of kinetin and 0.2 mg l-1 of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hairy roots grew well in hormone-free B5 medium. Both hairy roots and normal roots produced glycosidic bound eugenol. as with the roots of intact plants, eugenol was the main component of the total essential oils obtained from hairy root and normal root cultures. The yield of eugenol from normal roots was 0.1–0.25% of the dry wt. and depended on the development stage of the culture. Yield of eugenol from hairy roots was 0.08–0.1% of the dry wt. NAA modified the hairy root morphology and influenced the yield of eugenol.Abbreviations NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
5.
Niño Jaime Gallego Clarita M. Correa Yaned M. Mosquera Oscar M. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,74(3):289-291
In this study, the quantification of scopolamine from Brugmansia candida normal roots is described. The roots were obtained and cultured in half salts strength Schenk and Hildebrandt (1/2 SH) liquid medium plus 30 g l–1 sucrose and supplemented with 3 mg l–1 of -naphthaleneacetic acid. The quantitative determination of scopolamine was carried out by HPLC. The maximum scopolamine production in Brugmansia candida normal root culture was 3.94±0.01 mg g–1 dry weight obtained at 24th day of culture. 相似文献
6.
When cell-suspension cultures and callus tissue from Nicotiana tabacum are grown on medium containing -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin, three classes of auxin-binding proteins can be detected. When the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is used instead of both NAA and kinetin, one of these sites, which is membranebound, disappears. After retransferring cells to medium containing NAA and kinetin, this membrane-bound site reappears after four to eight weeks. This reappearance is correlated with the ability of the cells to regenerate roots.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
7.
Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledons, hypocotyls and leaves in seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was achieved. The influences of basal media, carbon sources, plant growth regulators (PGRs) with different concentrations
and combinations on embryogenesis capacity of explants were studied. The highest frequency of somatic embryos production and
germination was obtained on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH) supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 kinetin and 0.2, 0.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid. Granulated sugar was the optimal carbon source. The embryo-derived plantlets with well-developed roots
and shoots were transferred successfully to the greenhouse with a maximum survival rate of 55 %. Histological observation
revealed that the somatic embryos were similar to those of zygotic embryos. 相似文献
8.
Effects of cytokinin on adventitious root formation in callus cultures ofVigna unguiculata (L.) walp
Woong-Young Soh Pil-Son Choi Duck-Yee Cho 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):189-195
Summary Yellowish compact callus, induced from cowpea hypocotyls on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium (1962) containing 0.2 mg/l(0.93
μM) kinetin and 0.4 mg/l (1.81 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), was subcultured on MS medium containing cytokinin alone, auxin alone, or auxins
plus cytokinins in order to determine the effect of cytokinins on root organogenesis in callus cultures. The callus actively
proliferated on the same medium but did not show any organogenic activity macroscopically as well as microscopically. On medium
with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), the yellowish compact callus first changed to pale green compact callus
and then many green spots appeared on its surface under light culture. But the yellowsih compact callus remained yellowish
and white spots appeared on its surface in dark culture. These spots gradually became white nodular structures. Adventitious
root formation from the nodular structures occurred not only on the same medium, but also on medium with either auxin or cytokinin
but not both. Yellowish compact callus on medium with auxin alone was transformed to yellowish friable callus, which did not
develop adventitious roots. The yellowish friable callus could gain rhizogenic activity only after morphological modification
to pale green compact callus on medium with auxin plus cytokinin. The modified callus did not form adventitious roots on medium
with auxins but only with cytokinins. Therefore, it is suggested that cytokinins have stimulating effects on root formation
from callus that previously did not show rhizogenic activity on medium with auxins alone. In addition, the rhizogenic potential
of cowpea callus was discriminated from that of leaf explants, which formed adventitious roots directly on medium with auxin
alone. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering》1994,77(1):57-61
The effects of the concentrations of inorganic salts in Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium on catharanthine production in hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus were investigated. The inorganic salt components could be categorized into four groups. The first group (nitrate) supported both the growth of and catharanthine production by hairy roots with incremental increases in the concentration. The second (ammonium and phosphate) yielded contradictory effects with respect to growth and production. The third (borate and molibdate) inhibited both growth and production, while the fourth (potassium iodide, sulfate, and iron) did not exhibit any significant effects. Through optimization of the concentrations of inorganic salts in the medium, a two stage process of hairy root cultures with different media for growth and production was developed which enabled us to enhance the volumetric yield of catharanthine up to 60.5 mg/l. This productivity was 5.4 times higher than that of a one stage culture in the original SH medium. 相似文献
10.
Callus was induced on Papaver bracteatum Lindl. seedlings inoculated on Murashige & Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (1.0 mg 1-1) and benzylamine purine (BA) (0.5 mg 1-1). Subculture resulted in excellent callus proliferation but no organogenesis. Shoots were regenerated in cultures grown on MS medium containing NAA (1.0 mg 1–1), BA (0.5 mg 1–1) and casein hyrdrolyzate (2.0 mg 1-1). The shoots developed into plantlets after 8 weeks of culture, and were induced to root on 1/2 MS without the addition of growth regulators. The rooted plantlets were transferred to soil after hardening.MS at full strength was found inhibitory for callus induction and proliferation, but 1/2 MS was suitable. Similarly callus growth was very slow at 25°C but increased when the temperature was lowered to 15°C as did bud initiation.Abbreviations BA
benzylamine purine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- K
kinetin (6-furfurylamino purine)
- NAA
-naphthalene acetic acid
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
11.
Callus was induced from juice vesicles of satsuma mandarin on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin (K) and gibberellin (GA). Adventitious embryoids arose from the callus tissue on the medium containing 1 mgl–1 NAA alone. The embryoids grew into embryos which resulted in a plantlet on medium containing 1 mgl–1 GA.Abbreviations GA
gibberellin
- K
kinetin
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
12.
Mature embryos of Costus speciosus were excised and cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt's (1972) nutrient medium containing auxins and cytokinins either alone or in combination. Multiple shoots were obtained when kinetin and indole-3-butyric acid were supplemented each at 0.1 mg 1–1 concentration. Embryo-derived plantlets were multiplied through propagation of rhizomes and the propagules derived from a single embryo were designated as an embryoclone. Twenty such embryo-clones were maintained in the field. Variations in rhizome biomass yield and diosgenin contents of these embryoclones were noted. Thirty-six percent of the embryo-clones studied were high diosgenin yielding types. Diosgenin contents at the intraclonal level were uniform. The in vitro raised plants were morphologically uniform and indistinguishable from their parent.Abbreviations SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium
- Kn
kinetin
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- CA
casaminoacids (vitamin free)
- TLC
thin layer chromatography 相似文献
13.
Hypocotyl explants of Catharanthus roseus produced hairy roots when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium after infection by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants gave rise to adventitious shoots at a frequency of up to 80% when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 31.1 M 6-benzyladenine and 5.4 M -naphthaleneacetic acid. There was a significant difference in the frequency of adventitious shoot formation for each hairy-root line derived from a different cultivar. Plants derived from hairy roots exhibited prolific rooting and had shortened internodes. Approximately half of the plants had wrinkled leaves and an abundant root mass with extensive lateral branching, but otherwise appeared morphologically normal. Plants with hairy roots that were derived from the cultivar Cooler Apricot developed flowers with petals that were white in the proximal region, whereas the wild-type flower petals are red. PCR and Southern blot analyses revealed that plants derived from hairy roots retained the Ri TL-DNA.Abbreviations BA 6-Benzyladenine - MS Murashige and Skoog medium - NAA -Naphthaleneacetic acid - SH Schenk and Hildebrandt mediumCommunicated by I.S. Chung 相似文献
14.
Jaideep Mathur 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,33(2):163-169
Callus cultures ofNardostachys jatamansi DC, an endangered medicinal and aromatic plant, were established using petiole explants on MS medium supplemented with 16.1 µM -naphthaleneacetic acid and 1.16 µM kinetin. Embryogenesis in these callus cultures took place only upon sequential subculture of the callus on media having gradually decreasing auxin (16.1 to 1.34 µM NAA) and simultaneously increasing cytokinin (1.16 to 9.30 µM kinetin) concentrations over a period of 7 months. Somatic embryo to plantlet conversion took place on a medium containing 9.30 µM kinetin and 1.34 µM NAA. 相似文献
15.
Branka Kolevska-Pletikapić Zinka Buturović-Derić 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,41(2):189-192
Picea omorika plants were regenerated from embryo and seedling shoot tip cultures. Adventitious and axillary shoots were produced on 1/2 MS medium containing benzyladenine and kinetin. Benzyladenine was more effective in bud induction, whereas kinetin hastened shoot development. Excised shoots were elongated on 1/3 MS medium without growth regulators, multiplied with kinetin and rooted with or without indole-3-butyric acid.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- 2IP
N
6-(2-isopenteny) adenine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid 相似文献
16.
WILLIAM F. SHERIDAN 《Physiologia plantarum》1975,33(2):151-156
Callus induction and subculture was successful with mature embryos and stem sections of seedlings of Zea mays L. on Linsmaier and Skoog's medium modified to contain 4 mg/I of 2,4-D and 1 g/I of casamino acids. — 2,4-D was superior to NAA and IAA for both callus induction and growth. Callus subcultured on NAA formed abundant roots on agar-solidified media and numerous root-like primordia in liquid cultures. — Kinetin had no effect on callus induction in the presence of 2,4-D and neither kinetin nor gibberellic acid stimulated callus growth during subculture. — Callus grew equally well on the medium of Linsmaier and Skoog, that of Schenk and Hildebrandt, and the B-5 medium of Gamborg and Eveleigh containing 2% sucrose, 4 mg/I of 2,4-D and 1 g/I of casamino acids. — The callus grew more rapidly at 25°C than at 30°C or 35°C. Little difference was noted at any temperature in callus growth in alternating light (16 h) and dark (8 h) or continuous dark. — Sucrose was superior to glucose and maltose in both liquid and agar-solidified cultures. Lactose and galactose failed to support callus growth. 相似文献
17.
Subbanarashimhan Balasubramanya Lingaiah Rajanna Maniyam Anuradha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2012,48(2):208-215
Plectranthus barbatus (syn. Coleus forskohlii) is the only known source of forskolin, a compound with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Here, an efficient protocol
for adventitious root regeneration from leaf explants of P. barbatus was developed. Different concentrations of plant growth regulators individually and in combination were used to induce roots
in vitro. Morphogenic responses and forskolin production varied depending on the concentrations of plant growth regulators added to
the medium. Lower concentrations of auxins trigger callus proliferation while higher concentrations induced adventitious root
regeneration. Of all the auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2 (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)
propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) induced callus, whereas α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-butyric acid induced rhizogenesis. Use of picloram at 1.0 and 0.5 mg l−1 resulted in the formation of friable callus, and when combined with 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylamino purine (BA), rhizogenic callus was produced. The cytokinins BA and kinetin produced a mixed response of multiple
shoot regeneration, callus proliferation, and rhizogenesis. The maximum forskolin content of 1,178 mg kg−1 dry weight was found in root cultures initiated on Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. The biosynthesis of forskolin was differentiation dependent, and rhizogenic cultures exhibited the maximum biosynthetic
potential for forskolin. 相似文献
18.
Tuskan G. A. Sargent W. A. Rensema T. Walla J. A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,20(1):47-52
Applications of in vitro screening techniques for Pinus ponderosa resistance to Peridermium harknessii could be beneficial in a tree breeding program. Plant growth regulators, basal media formula and carbohydrate levels were examined to determine the various effects each would have on excised cotyledon growth and development. Proliferating green callus was initiated from cotyledon explants on SH basal medium containing 4.4 M BA:5.4 M NAA and 1% sucrose. Subsequent subculturing onto LS medium supplemented with 44.0 M BA: 5.4 M NAA and 2% sucrose improved callus maintenance. The highest frequency of caulogenesis from cotyledon explants occurred on a modified GD medium containing 44.0 M BA: 0.054 M NAA and 4% glucose. The influence of nitrogen source, osmoticum and medium salt concentrations are discussed relative to callus initiation and caulogenesis.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- CD
Campbell & Durzan
- GD
Gresshoff & Doy
- LP
Le Poivre
- LS
Linsmaier & Skoog
- MC
McCown
- SH
Schenk & Hildebrandt 相似文献
19.
E. Nenz F. Pupilli F. Paolocci F. Damiani C. A. Cenci S. Arcioni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(2):145-152
Culture conditions have been established for callus induction and growth from different explants in L. angustissimus L. Calli were obtained from hypocotyls, leaves, stems, cotyledons and roots cultured on media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or -naphthaleneacetic acid with kinetin, N6 – 2 or benzyladenine in different combinations and concentrations. Only those calli induced in presence of -naphthaleneacetic acid with benzyladenine or kinetin produced shoots. Calli induced from hypocotyl explants were the most efficient in regeneration of shoots. Transformation with an Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector carrying the plasmid pBI 121.1 is reported. The percentage of cotransformation was estimated by testing GUS activity in hairy roots. The integration of Ri T-DNA and the NPTII gene in transformed plants was confirmed by molecular analyses and in vitro culture of transgenic tissues in the presence of kanamycin.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 1AA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2iP
N6 – 2
- PA
proanthocyanidins
- NOS
nopaline synthase
- NI TII
neomycin phosphotransferase
- GUS
-glucuronidase
- CaMV
cauliflower mosaic virus 相似文献
20.
Somatic embryogenesis occurred on cotyledons of morphologically abnormal embryos derived from Vigna glabrescens x V. radiata crosses and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. The frequency of 15–17 day old embryos that gave rise to somatic embryos increased from 8% to 29% by application a mixture of 100 mg/l gibberelllc acid, 25 mg/l -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 mg/l kinetin daily to the pedicels of the developing pods. However, only callus formed on immature hybrid embryos of the reciprocal cross. These callus tissues occasionally gave rise to shoots via organogenesis when transferred to MS medium with 2 mg/l N6-benzyladenine and 0.05 mg/l NAA. Treatment of pods with growth regulators did not influence the frequency of organogenic callus. Selfed embryos of the parents did not form somatic embryos in culture, nor did callus derived from the selfed embryos produce shoots. Thus, the ability to redifferentiate appears to be associated with interspecific hybridity. 相似文献