复方五味子口服液对小鼠的药理作用

研究了复方五味子口服液对小鼠学习记忆、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响,结果表明：复方五味子口服液对D-gal所致小鼠亚急性衰老模型具有提高SOD活性和降低MDA含量的作用,有降低小鼠自主活动的作用,能提高小鼠耐缺氧能力,并且改善戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠记忆障碍,同时可明显促进小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖及网状内皮吞噬功能。     

益寿汤对小鼠免疫和抗应激能力的影响

给小鼠益寿汤１ｇ／ｋｇ,２ｇ／ｋｇ,４ｇ／ｋｇ灌胃连续７ｄ,分别检测其抗应激能力和免疫功能的变化。结果表明：益寿汤４ｇ／ｋｇ组小鼠较对照组负重游泳耗竭时间和常压耐缺氧生存时间明显延长,益寿汤２ｇ／ｋｇ和４ｇ／ｋｇ可提高小鼠耐寒能力,各剂量益寿汤均可显著提高小鼠血清溶血素及碳粒廓清吞噬数,但对迟发型变态反应无明显影响。     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用研究

采用环磷酰胺所致的免疫功能低下的模型小鼠试验柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实的免疫调节作用,并进行了抗疲劳和耐寒冷试验。结果显示：唐古特白刺果实3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著增强模型小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发性超敏反应;1．8g/kg和3．6/kg灌胃剂量能显著提高模型小鼠血清溶血素生成能力;3．6g/kgg灌胃剂量可显著减轻环磷酰胺对小鼠胸腺DNA含量的抑制作用;3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著延长小鼠的游泳时间和爬杆时间,并能提高小鼠在低温的存活时间。实验表明唐古特白刺果实具有调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用。     

黄鳍金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

以金枪鱼头为原料,经酶解得到蛋白酶解液;以环磷酰胺造小鼠免疫功能低下模型,同时灌胃金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液,观察小鼠免疫脏器指数,巨噬细胞吞噬功能,ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖和溶血空斑细胞形成能力。结果显示金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液能显著增强免疫抑制状态下的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和胸腺、脾脏指数;明显提高免疫抑制状态小鼠的脾淋巴细胞转化能力及抗体细胞形成能力。说明金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液对环磷酰胺造成的免疫功能低下小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能都有正向调节作用。     

间断性屈膝缺血预适应对小鼠缺氧耐力的影响

目的：观察和比较两种后肢缺血法产生的缺血预适应对小鼠耐受缺氧能力的影响。方法：昆明小鼠96只,分成对照组、间断屈膝固定组（KF）或束缚大腿组（TT）进行缺血预适应。每天预适应1次,7 d后各组小鼠再分为3组分别进行常压耐缺氧实验、亚硝酸钠中毒实验和断头后心、脑耐缺血实验。结果：两种后肢缺血法小鼠常压耐缺氧时间均显著延长（P<0.01）,断头后张口呼吸时间显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。但对亚硝酸钠中毒生存时间和心脏跳动时间没有明显影响。结论：肢体缺血预适应能显著增强小鼠缺氧耐力。     

无创性肢体缺血预适应对小鼠抗应激能力的影响

目的:探讨无创性肢体缺血预适应在提高小鼠抗应激能力方面的作用。方法:小鼠分为正常组、对照组、预适应组和药物组,进行常压耐缺氧、耐疲劳负重游泳、耐高、低温实验,分别记录各种应激状态下小鼠的耐受时间,测定常压缺氧耐受后小鼠血清中SOD的活性和负重游泳后血清中乳酸的含量。结果:预适应组能显著提高小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,且SOD活性较对照组有显著的提高,但提高的程度均低于普萘洛尔组。预适应组平均游泳时间显著延长,且程度与咖啡因组相当。预适应能明显延长高温下小鼠的存活时间,且延长程度与氯丙嗪没有显著性差异。与正常组比较,预适应组能显著延长小鼠的耐低温时间。结论:无创性肢体缺血预适应能提高小鼠耐缺氧、抗疲劳、耐高温和耐低温的能力。     

酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳的实验研究

目的:研究酸柏栀油软胶囊耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用。方法:采用常压耐缺氧实验、亚硝酸钠中毒存活实验和急性脑缺血性缺氧实验,观察软胶囊对小鼠的耐缺氧作用;采用负重游泳法记录负重游泳时存活时间,观察药物对小鼠抗疲劳作用。结果:在耐缺氧方面,酸柏栀油软胶囊可以延长小鼠在常压条件下和亚硝酸钠中毒后的存活时间(P<0.05);在抗疲劳方面,酸柏栀油软胶囊能延长小鼠在负重情况下的存活时间,增加肝糖元含量,减少乳酸水平(P<0.05)。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊能增强小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力。     

蜜环菌菌索多糖的免疫增强作用研究

研究了野生蜜环菌菌索多糖(polysaccharide from the rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea,AMP)对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明对小鼠分别灌胃(ig)剂量为100、200、300mg/kg·d的AMP均能增加小鼠体重、改变免疫器官重量、抵抗环磷酰胺(CY)对小鼠外周血白细胞数量的影响.实验显示灌胃AMP能提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能,增强小鼠迟发型变态反应,促进溶血素的生成.上述结果表明AMP能增强机体免疫功能.     

枸杞子提取物对小鼠免疫功能和果蝇寿命的影响

枸杞子提取物能显著提高小鼠机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,使小鼠血清ＩｇＧ含量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数明显增加,并可延长雌性果蝇的平均寿命及半数成活期,具有一定的抗衰老和增强免疫功能作用。     

玉郎伞多糖对环磷酰胺所致的免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文旨在研究玉郎伞多糖(YLSPS)对环磷酰胺所致的免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。选取60只体重相近的小鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)模型组、阳性药左旋咪唑组(LMS)和YLSPS低、中、高剂量组。除空白对照组外,其它各组小鼠于给药的第1、3、5、7、9 d皮下注射CTX(30 mg/kg)造模。空白对照组用生理盐水(NS,0.1 mL/10 g)灌胃,LMS组用LMS[50 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃,YLSPS低、中、高剂量组用YLSP[150、300、600 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃,给药10 d后对小鼠胸腺和脾脏重量进行测定,检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,并检测肝、脾巨噬细胞吞噬功能,观察二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导的迟发型超敏反应,并对小鼠负重游泳时间、常压缺氧、低温和高温环境下的存活时间以及对亚硝酸盐中毒性缺氧耐受性的影响进行检测。结果显示,与CTX模型组比较,YLSPS各剂量组能提高胸腺指数和脾脏指数;并能提高免疫抑制小鼠乳酸脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性;肝、脾巨噬细胞廓清指数和吞噬指数明显提高;中、高剂量组的耳肿胀度明显提高,并能延长小鼠负重游泳时间、常压缺氧存活时间、耐低温存活时间、耐高温存活时间和小鼠对亚硝酸盐中毒性缺氧耐受性。研究结果表明,玉郎伞多糖对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性免疫具有增强作用,并有明显的抗应激作用。     

重组鼠IL-1β和／或慢性缺氧刺激对大鼠颈动脉体中TH表达的影响

目的：观察慢性低压性缺氧和／或重组鼠白介素-1β（traiL-1β）刺激对大鼠颈动脉体（carotidbody,CB）中酪氨酸羟化酶（ty．rosinehydroxylase,TH）表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠分为8组,分别为缺氧刺激0、1、2、3周组和缺氧0、1、2、3周的同时伴rmlL-1β刺激组。对CB进行免疫组化染色,并用westernblot法对TH进行半定量分析。结果：相对于缺氧0周组,缺氧1周、缺氧2周和缺氧3周组大鼠CB中TH的含量明显增加。相对于正常大鼠,rmlL-1β刺激引起大鼠CB中TH表达量增加。相对于单纯给予缺氧1周和缺氧2周,缺氧1周和缺氧2周同时给予mlL-1β刺激后引起大鼠CB中TH表达量的增加。结论：慢性缺氧和rmlL-1β刺激均可致颈动脉体TH上调,慢性缺氧伴rmlL-1β刺激比单纯缺氧刺激可引起TH更显著的增加。这个结果提示慢性缺氧或促炎性细胞因子tL-1β刺激不仅能够分剐促进颈动脉体中儿茶酚胺类物质的合成。而且IL-1β刺激可以促进慢性缺氧时颈动脉体中儿茶酚胺类物质的合成。这说明促炎性细胞因子可能对大鼠颈动脉体的慢性缺氧感受发挥调节作用。     

Endogenous angiotensin II and the regulation of oxygen consumption and colonic temperature in rats

Previous studies have suggested that angiotensin II, a hormone known to regulate water and salt balance and blood pressure, may also regulate oxygen consumption and body temperature. In this study we investigated the role of endogenous angiotensin in the regulation of oxygen consumption and colonic temperature in rats under low (control) and high (water deprivation, administration of isoproterenol and hemorrhage) peripheral angiotensin conditions. Peripheral administration of losartan, an AT₁ receptor antagonist or enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, did not alter oxygen consumption or colonic temperature in control or water deprived rats. Peripheral administration of losartan did not alter the oxygen consumption and colonic temperature responses to the administration of isoproterenol or hemorrhage. Endogenous peripherally generated angiotensin II does not play an important role in regulating either oxygen consumption or colonic temperature in rats under either low or high angiotensin II levels. The reductions in oxygen consumption and colonic temperature that accompany hemorrhage in rats are not mediated by angiotensin II.     

Cold acclimation and oxygen consumption in the thymus

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 is usually associated with brown adipose tissue but has recently been discovered in rat and mouse thymus. We wished to establish whether there was a thermogenic role for UCP 1 in thymus and thus examined the effect of 5 weeks cold-acclimation on rat thymus tissue abundance, thymocyte oxygen consumption, thymus mitochondrial abundance, uncoupling protein 1 expression and function. We found that thymocytes from cold-acclimated rats had oxygen consumption rates 8 times less than those from rats held at room temperature and that thymocytes from cold-acclimated rats or rats kept at room temperature were noradrenaline insensitive. In addition, we found that thymus tissue or mitochondrial abundance was not increased after cold-acclimation. However uncoupling protein 1 expression per unit mass of mitochondria was increased after cold-acclimation, as determined by immunoblotting (approximately 1.7-fold) and GDP binding (approximately 1.5-fold). Consistent with our protein expression data, we also observed an increased, state 4 (approximately 1.5-fold), GDP-inhibitable (approximately 1.3-fold) and palmitate activatable (approximately 1.6-fold) oxygen consumption rates in isolated thymus mitochondria. However, extrapolation of our data showed that cold-acclimation only increased the amount of UCP 1 per gram of thymus tissue approximately 1.2-fold. Taken together, we conclude that UCP 1 does not have a thermogenic role in thymus.     

Cold acclimation and oxygen consumption in the thymus

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 is usually associated with brown adipose tissue but has recently been discovered in rat and mouse thymus. We wished to establish whether there was a thermogenic role for UCP 1 in thymus and thus examined the effect of 5 weeks cold-acclimation on rat thymus tissue abundance, thymocyte oxygen consumption, thymus mitochondrial abundance, uncoupling protein 1 expression and function. We found that thymocytes from cold-acclimated rats had oxygen consumption rates 8 times less than those from rats held at room temperature and that thymocytes from cold-acclimated rats or rats kept at room temperature were noradrenaline insensitive. In addition, we found that thymus tissue or mitochondrial abundance was not increased after cold-acclimation. However uncoupling protein 1 expression per unit mass of mitochondria was increased after cold-acclimation, as determined by immunoblotting (∼ 1.7-fold) and GDP binding (∼ 1.5-fold). Consistent with our protein expression data, we also observed an increased, state 4 (∼ 1.5-fold), GDP-inhibitable (∼ 1.3-fold) and palmitate activatable (∼ 1.6-fold) oxygen consumption rates in isolated thymus mitochondria. However, extrapolation of our data showed that cold-acclimation only increased the amount of UCP 1 per gram of thymus tissue ∼ 1.2-fold. Taken together, we conclude that UCP 1 does not have a thermogenic role in thymus.     

Low temperature trapping method for cytochrome oxidase oxygen intermediates.

The trapping of intermediates in the cytochrome oxidase-oxygen reaction is made possible by a three-step procedure: 1) Oxygenation of the ferrous cytochrome oxidase-carbon monoxide compound at a temperature sufficiently low that no ligand exchange with oxygen occurs (?20 to ?30°C); 2) flash photolysis at a temperature sufficiently low that the subsequent reaction with oxygen can readily be measured with a multichannel spectrophotometer; 3) rapid cooling of the reaction in progress to a sufficiently low temperature that no further reaction takes place and detailed optical or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy can be performed. Since the freezing point of the mitochondrial suspensions during oxygenation can be in the range of ?20°C, only nondeleterious concentrations of ethylene glycol are employed. The reaction kinetics are observed in the solid state in small-diameter circular tubes suitable for rapid trapping. Efficient optical coupling to the sample tube for transmission spectroscopy and efficient laser photolysis are similarly provided by fiber optics coupling. The method is suitable for studying in detail three compounds of cytochrome oxidase and oxygen formed in the temperature range from ?125°C upwards. In addition, the electron transfer processes of the respiratory chain are accurately delineated.     

Exercise Increases Markers of Spermatogenesis in Rats Selectively Bred for Low Running Capacity

The oxidative stress effect of exercise training on testis function is under debate. In the present study we used a unique rat model system developed by artificial selection for low and high intrinsic running capacity (LCR and HCR, respectively) to evaluate the effects of exercise training on apoptosis and spermatogenesis in testis. Twenty-four 13-month-old male rats were assigned to four groups: control LCR (LCR-C), trained LCR (LCR-T), control HCR (HCR-C), and trained HCR (HCR-T). Ten key proteins connecting aerobic exercise capacity and general testes function were assessed, including those that are vital for mitochondrial biogenesis. The VO2 max of LCR-C group was about 30% lower than that of HCR-C rats, and the SIRT1 levels were also significantly lower than HCR-C. Twelve weeks of training significantly increased maximal oxygen consumption in LCR by nearly 40% whereas HCR remained unchanged. LCR-T had significantly higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and increased acetylated p53 compared to LCR-C, while training produced no significant changes for these measures in HCR rats. BAX and Blc-2 were not different among all four groups. The levels of outer dense fibers -1 (Odf-1), a marker of spermatogenesis, increased in LCR-T rats, but decreased in HCR-TR rats. Moreover, exercise training increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) only in LCR rats. These data suggest that rats with low inborn exercise capacity can increase whole body oxygen consumption and running exercise capacity with endurance training and, in turn, increase spermatogenesis function via reduction in ROS and heightened activity of p53 in testes.     

中药异位康冲剂治疗子宫内膜异位症小鼠的研究

目的：探讨中药异位康冲剂对小鼠子宫内膜异位症的作用及可能机理。方法：通过对小鼠一般情况、血常规、肝肾功及各主要脏器的组织学观察,观察中药异位康冲剂急性和长期毒副作用。通过一般情况、阴道脱落细胞观察、激素检测、病理组织学检查及血液流变学的改变,了解中药异位康冲剂对小鼠子宫内膜异位症模型的药理作用。结果：急性和长期毒性实验表明,中药异位康冲剂无明显毒性反应。异位康冲剂能抑制大鼠子宫内膜异位模型,降低血清雌二醇水平（P〈0.01）。病理学观察显示异位子宫的内膜腺体及腺上皮明显萎缩,其作用与丹那唑相似。结论：中药异位康冲剂无明显毒副作用,可促进子宫内膜异位组织细胞凋亡、抑制子宫内膜异位组织增殖,为临床用药提供了实验依据。     

Short duration hyperbaric oxygen treatment effects blood flow in rats: pilot observations

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been found to improve healing in living tissues, especially those poor in oxygen. The effects of HBO have also been tested in rat experiments. However, oxygen partial pressure in rat's arterial blood is normally about twice that in humans. Disregarding this, a human HBO protocol has been applied in previous rat experiments with HBO. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive means for measuring blood flow. Using LDF, we measured the blood perfusion rate in rats receiving HBO, according to a modified protocol, in a region of healing soft tissue with bone defect. The results indicate that, in rats, shorter HBO treatment with high O2 pressure can significantly improve the blood flow of healing tissues. In this study, an elevated blood perfusion rate was still evident 2 weeks after the ending of HBO therapy, which indicates improved revascularization in the wound area. A short HBO protocol would save time and effort in future HBO experiments on rats.     

Induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity in rat splenocyte cultures: The importance of 2-mercaptoethanol and indomethacin

Summary The role of 2-mercaptoethanol and indomethacin in the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in rat splenocyte cultures was investigated. Spleens from 4-month-old male rats of five different strains were tested. Splenocytes were cultured for 3–5 days in the presence of IL-2 (1000 U/ml) and LAK activity was assessed by 4-h⁵¹Cr release assays with P815 and YAC-1 cells as targets. LAK activity could be induced by IL-2 in splenocytes from all rat strains, but only when 2-mercaptoethanol was present in the culture medium. Optimal LAK activity was induced when the 2-mercaptoethanol concentration in splenocyte cultures was at least 5 µM. Different rat strains showed differences in levels of in vitro induction of LAK activity. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol the level of LAK activity induced by IL-2 was high in BN and Lewis rats, intermediate in Wistar and Wag rats, and low in DZB rats. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol no or minimal LAK activity was induced. Furthermore we observed that addition of 50 µm indomethacin to the culture medium in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol augmented the induction of LAK activity to some extent. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, addition of indomethacin resulted only in low levels or no induction of LAK activity. We conclude that for optimal induction of LAK activity by IL-2 in rat splenocyte cultures 2-mercaptoethanol is essential, while indomethacin can only marginally further improve this induction.